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	Avignon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Avignon is the capital of the Vaucluse département.
		Avignon is the préfecture (capital) of the Vaucluse département in the region of Provence.
		Avignon is the seat of an archbishop and has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a council of trade-arbitrators, a lyce, and training college, a chamber of commerce and a branch of the Bank of France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Avignon (3310 words)

	Avignon - Wikitravel
		Avignon is famous for being the city to which the Popes fled to when leaving the corruption of Rome in the 14th century.
		Avignon occupies a stragetic location for several reasons - it is at the confluence of two once-mighty rivers: the Rhône, still one of the biggest rivers in France, and the now largely-dammed Durance.
		Avignon has been continuously inhabited since the stone age, when troglodyte inhabitations were built in caves in the Rocher des Dames, a massive outcropping of rock rising over the banks of the Rhône.
	wikitravel.org /en/Avignon (1551 words)

	Avignon Papacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A stronger source of influence was the move of the Roman Curia from Rome to Avignon in 1305.
		This nickname is polemical, in that it refers to the claim by critics that the prosperity of the church at this time was accompanied by a profound compromise of the Papacy's spiritual integrity, especially in the alleged subordination of the powers of the Church to the ambitions of the French kings.
		Even during its Avignon period, 1305 - 1378, the Papacy always pursued its own goals of uniting Christian lords (for example by mediating between France and England) and to uphold the position of the Church (for example by preventing charges of heresy against Boniface VIII made by King Philippe).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Avignon_Papacy (3270 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - AVIGNON: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Avignon had lost a great portion of its population; its commerce, always flourishing under the popes, had come to a standstill; business had almost completely ceased; and discontent was wide-spread.
		The Jews of Avignon furnished to the popes both a source of income and a means of expiating political mistakes; and thus it came about that the same pope proclaimed himself at one time their defender, and at another their adversary.
		The history of the Jews of Avignon in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is one long struggle between the city, the estates, and the Holy See.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=2173&letter=A&search=Avignon (2578 words)

	Study Abroad in Avignon France
		Avignon is widely known for its two summer theatre festivals: the Festival d'Avignon, which is the largest theatrical celebration in Europe established in 1947, and the more experimental Festival OFF.
		Avignon is famous for its Catholic history; it was once the "Rome away from Rome" during the 14th century when the medieval papacy relocated here for a brief period of time.
		The Avignon program is an opportunity for serious students to immerse themselves in French culture, and pursue the study of language, literature, and the civilization of contemporary France for a semester, year, or 6-week summer session.
	www.academicstudies.com /avignon.html (643 words)

	Avignon Popes - Provence Beyond
		Avignon at that time was a vassal city of Saint Siège and the Holy See and bordered the Comtat Venaissin.
		Jean XXII (1316-1334), was Jacques Duèse, a former bishop from Avignon and a native of Cahors.
		Jean XXII moved to Avignon because of upheavals in Italy and the troubles in Rome, settling in the Episcopal Palace near the Cathedral.
	www.beyond.fr /villages/avignonpopes.html (457 words)

	Avignon: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Avignon is situated on the left bank of the Rhône[For more info, click on this link], EHandler: no quick summary.
		In the history of the roman catholic church, the avignon papacy was the period from 1305 to 1378 during which the seat of the pope was in avignon...
		Jean alesi, born giovanni alesi on june 11, 1964 in avignon, vaucluse, france is a french racing driver of italian origins....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/av/avignon.htm (3387 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Avignon
		During the crusade against the Albigenses the citizens refused to open the gates of Avignon to Louis VIII and the legate, but capitulated after a three months' siege (10 June - 13 September, 1226) and were forced to pull down the ramparts and fill up the moat of their city.
		Avignon, which at the beginning of the fourteenth century was a town of no great importance, underwent a wonderful development during the residence there of nine popes, Clement V to Benedict XIII, inclusively.
		The Archdiocese of Avignon was re-established in 1822, and received as suffragansees the Diocese of Viviers (restored in 1822); Valence (formerly under Lyon); Nimes (restored in 1822); and Montpellier (formerly under Toulouse).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02158a.htm (1454 words)

	AllRefer.com - Avignon, France (French Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Located in (but never a part of) the Comtat Venaissin, it was the papal see during the Babylonian captivity, from 1309 to 1378 (see papacy), and the residence of several antipopes from 1378 to 1408 (see Schism, Great).
		One of the loveliest of French cities, Avignon is surrounded by ramparts (12th and 14th cent.) and has many old churches.
		Avignon was celebrated by Petrarch, who resided at the court of Clement VI.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Avignon.html (289 words)

	Avignon, Provence, France - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Avignon, city in southern France, capital of Vaucluse Department, on the Rhône River.
		From 1309 to 1377, the period often referred to as the Babylonian Captivity of the popes, Avignon served as the seat of the papal court, and from 1378 to 1408 the city was the residence of several of the antipopes.
		During this period, even though Avignon was part of the Papal States and was nominally ruled by legates, the citizens were in reality free to govern themselves.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /avignon.htm (300 words)

	Ted Marcus' Virtual Light Table: Avignon - Pictures and Travelogue
		Avignon bills itself as "the City of the Popes." As with all marketing hype, there's truth amidst the puffery.
		Avignon was indeed the home of nine popes and the center of the Catholic Church for most of the 14th century.
		If Avignon was the "City of the Popes," Villeneuve was the "City of the Cardinals." Perhaps feeling a bit crowded and claustrophobic within the walls of Avignon, the cardinals built their palaces in Villeneuve.
	www.tedsimages.com /text/avignon.htm (960 words)

	Bienvenue à la mairie d'Avignon
		Avignon and culture have been closely intertwined since before the 14th century, and the arrival of the Papacy and the thriving artistic activity which surrounded the pontifical court added to its renown.
		Since time immemorial, Avignon’s strategic location on the mighty Rhone river and at the cross-roads of major routes has provided it with an influential role on the international scene.
		The quality and variety of Avignon’s architectural and cultural heritage has caused the entire centre city to be ranked as UNESCO World Heritage.
	www.avignon.fr /en/tourisme (347 words)

	The Avignon Papacy 1305-1378 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Avignon made simony an institution, cut the finances of parish priests, taxed bishops heavily, and cut costs wherever possible.
		The last was particularly damaging, since the papacy in Avignon had declared that the sacraments were necessary to salvation.
		The Avignon papacy did much to improve he organization and functioning of the machinery of the Church, establishing the major offices that still operate today.
	www.ku.edu /kansas/medieval/108/lectures/avignon.html (1729 words)

	Bienvenue à la mairie d'Avignon
		It was not until the second half of the fourteenth century that a Cluniac establishment was erected in Avignon.
		This is one of the seven original churches of the Avignon parish that extended in a circle around the Rocher des Doms and the cathedral.
		This one of the Gothic houses extant in Avignon.
	www.avignon.fr /en/visites/visite3en.php (5427 words)

	Avignon travel: Visit, Maps, Festival d'Avignon , Museums, Dining, History, Roman Glanum, France - Provence Beyond
		Avignon is definitely not a town to stay in if you're interested in sightseeing the surrounding countryside and don't have much time.
		Avignon is ancient, full of history, life, youth, art, music and activity.
		The name Avignon comes from "Avenio" which means "town of violent winds" or "town of the river".
	www.beyond.fr /villages/avignon.html (995 words)

	Bienvenue à la mairie d'Avignon
		Avignon, Bergen, Bologna, Brussels, Krakow, Helsinki, Prague, Reykjavik and Santiago de Compostela, worked closely together on many different themes, and on three levels – local, national and European.
		Avignon chose the theme of Art and Creativity, and hosted the French national exhibition called “La Beauté”, a retrospective of the concept of beauty in the 20th century.
		The philosophy behind the local participation was based on the continuity of Avignon’s history, and its future.
	www.mairie-avignon.fr /en/tourisme/2000en.php (176 words)

	Travel to Avignon. Car rental travel in Avignon from Auto Europe
		When the Romans founded their north-south trade route, Avignon was in it''s path, and though the city was not included in the east-west trade route, it''s location on the rivers edge made it an important commercial center.
		In fact, during the Avignon Festival, which is truly the pinnacle of activity during the year, the streets are fulled with marvelously enchanting artists and actors.
		Avignon is the capital of the départment of Vaucluse and is the geographical core of the communaute d''agglomeration known as Greater Avignon.
	www.autoeurope.com /guides/France/Avignon-guide.cfm (1279 words)

	Avignon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Avignon allows for true test-driven design by letting users express test cases in XML prior to the start of feature implementation.
		Avignon consists of a JUnit test case that executes test scripts and a small set of prebuilt tag handlers.
		Avignon is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
	www.nolacom.com /avignon/index.asp (171 words)

	Centre d'Avignon - Study Abroad Program for French Speaking Students (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A bustling city steeped in history and the sophistication of modern France, Avignon is both very provençal and contemporary.
		Avignon is thirty minutes from the Mediterranean Sea and under three hours from Paris by TGV.
		The Avignon center is a French-only environment for students with an advanced level of proficiency, enabling them to take a multiplicity of courses in many disciplines (visual arts, history, political science, literature, philosophy, linguistics, phonetics, etc.,) and to audit courses at the French university.
	www.iaufrance.org /Avignon (250 words)

	the great outdoors
		Back in the 14th century Avignon was transformed into a second Rome, and for more than 70 years was the capital of Christianity.
		Avignon’s past was not always peaceful, and the palace now stands as half-fortress, half-palace.
		Apart from the obvious French culture Avignon’s most identifiable characteristic is the famous Pont d’ Avignon bridge.
	thegreatoutdoors.com.au /display.php?location=europe&ID=2116 (566 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Councils of Avignon
		In the year 1209 the inhabitants of Toulouse were excommunicated by a Council of Avignon (two papal legates, four archbishops, and twenty bishops) for failing to expel the Albigensian heretics from their city.
		The Count of Toulouse was forbidden, under threat of excommunication, to impose exorbitant burdens on his subjects and, as he persisted, was finally excommunicated.
		The Council of 1457 was held by Cardinal de Foix, Archbishop of Arles and legate of Avignon, a Franciscan.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02159a.htm (512 words)

	Avignon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		What I saw from that vantage point was the medieval town of Avignon, stripped of any aspect of modernity, except maybe the cars driving on the Boulevard de la Ligne.
		Avignon is in the heart of the Côtes du Rhône wine region :)
		La Ferigoulo is a family run restaurant in the old city of Avignon.
	www.artist-at-large.com /avignon.htm (1007 words)

	Avignon city guide, France - Time Out Travel
		Apparently, nobody ever danced ‘on’ the narrow bridge at Avignon, as the song would have it, but instead ‘sous le pont’, or under the bridge, on an island in the middle of the Rhône.
		Only four arches of the original 22 spans of the bridge remain, together with a tiny Romanesque chapel, but the 12th-century Pont St-Bénézet remains the city’s top tourist attraction, along with the Palais des Papes.
		The palace was home to the papacy for over 60 years after Clement V fled a...
	www.timeout.com /travel/avignon (213 words)

	Avignon
		One of the most elegant streets is the rue Joseph Vernet, adjacent to the Calvet museum and the Requien Museum.
		From the top of the ramparts you can understand why the site was chosen for a fort: Avignon stands high above the immense plains of the Rhône River and is the strategic point of the whole valley.
		Started in 1947 by Jean Vilar, every year between the 10th of July and the 5th of August nearly 120,000 spectators come to discover new talent or admire those actors already known, These shows (dance, theater or music) are enhanced by the background of powerful history and often appear renewed or refreshed in this environment.
	www.provenceweb.fr /e/vaucluse/avignon/avignon.htm (324 words)

	Avignon Hotels, hotels in Avignon, France \| France Hotels Database
		RepublicÂ’s street, the main street of Avignon is without a doubt the heart beat of the city.
		Avignon'S Landmarks Are the One-Time-Residence of the Popes and the Remains of the Famous Bridge.
		In the heart of Avignon, this former cardinal residence hides behind its beautiful facade a genuine decor and a heritage which takes us back through time...
	avignon.francehotelsdb.com (266 words)

	AVIGNON
		It was "Roma Gallica" that is the Rome of France as you it was written in the medallion under the portrait of Clemens VI the most important Pope who lived in Avignon.
		So when wandering in delightful Avignon you have to bear in mind you are generally seeing heavily restored or even rebuilt monuments and palaces.
		The rule of the Popes did not cover Avignon only, but also the nearby countryside (and this before Avignon was bought from the Dukes of Provence), which has always been a distinct entity, known as the "Comtat Venaissin".
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Avignon.html (471 words)

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