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Topic: Avignon Pope Clement VII

	Avignon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Avignon (/avi???/ in French) (Provençal Occitan: Avinhon in classical norm or Avignoun in Mistralian norm) is a commune in southern France with an estimated mid-2004 population of 89,300 in the city itself and a population of 290,466 in the metropolitan area at the 1999 census.
		Avignon is the préfecture (capital) of the Vaucluse département in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur.
		In 1309 the city was chosen by Pope Clement V as his residence when the city and the surrounding Comtat Venaissin were ruled by the kings of Sicily from the house of Anjou, and from 9 March 1309 till 13 January 1377 was the seat of the Papacy instead of Eternal Rome.
	en.filepoint.de /info/Avignon (3589 words)

	Avignon Papacy
		Boniface VIII was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303.
		Clement V, pope (1305-1314), (Bertrand de Goth, archbishop of Bordeaux, France) is memorable in history for his suppression of the order of the Templars, and as the pope who removed the seat of the Roman see to Avignon.
		Clement may have acted conscientiously in his suppression of an order which had heretofore been regarded as a main bulwark of Christendom against the forces of Islam, but there can be little doubt that his principal motive was complaisance towards the king of France, or that the latter was mainly actuated by jealousy and cupidity.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/avignon_papacy.htm (1125 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Boniface IX
		Clement VII, the Avignon pope, died 16 September, 1394.
		Clement was succeeded at Avignon, 28 September, 1394, by Cardinal Pedro de Luna, as Benedict XIII.
		Boniface was the first pope to introduce the form of revenue known as annates perpetuæ, or reservation of one-half the first year's fruits of every benefice granted in the Roman Court, this in addition to other traditional expenses.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02670a.htm (1226 words)

	Avignon - France.com
		Avignon is situated on the left bank of the Rhône, in the Vaucluse département, about 400 miles south-south-east of Paris, and 50 miles north-north-west of Marseille.
		Avignon became the residence of the Pope in 1309, at which time the town and the surrounding Comtat Venaissin was under the rule of the kings of Sicily (the house of Anjou).
		In 1348 Pope Clement VI bought it from Queen Joanna I of Sicily for 80,000 gold gulden, and it remained a papal possession until 1791, when, during the disorder of the French Revolution, it was incorporated with France.
	www.france.com /docs/546.html (799 words)

	Avignon Popes - Provence Beyond
		A severe disagreement between Pope Boniface VIII and France's Capetian King Philip IV, the Fair (kings), led to the election of a French Pope in 1305.
		Jean XXII (1316-1334), was Jacques Duèse, a former bishop from Avignon and a native of Cahors.
		Jean XXII moved to Avignon because of upheavals in Italy and the troubles in Rome, settling in the Episcopal Palace near the Cathedral.
	www.beyond.fr /villages/avignonpopes.html (457 words)

	Avignon - France.com
		Avignon is a city in southern France, situated on the left bank of the Rhône, in the département of Vaucluse, about 400 miles south-south-east of Paris, and 50 miles north-north-west of Marseille.
		Avignon was the seat of a bishop as early as the year 70 AD, and became an archbishopric in 1476.
		Avignon is remembered in the French children's song, "Sur le pont d'Avignon" ("On the bridge of Avignon"), which describes folk dancing.
	www.france.com /docs/90.html (289 words)

	The Prophecies of Malachy
		This pope was a native of Milan and a nephew of Urban III.
		Pope Nicholas IV had entered the Franciscan order at an early age and was sent in 1272 as a delegate to Constantinople to invite the participation of the Greeks in the Second Council of Lyons.
		Under Clement VII he was twice appointed Prefect of Rome and after the sack of the City (1527) was one of the hostages given by Clement VII to the Imperialists.
	truecatholic.bizland.com /The_Prophecies_of_Malachy.htm (18282 words)

	Avignon Pope Clement VII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert of Geneva (1342 – 16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as (Anti-)Pope Clement VII by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first Avignon antipope of the Western Schism.
		Elected pope at Fondi on 20 September 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI, he was the first antipope of the Western Schism, the second of the two periods sometimes referred to as the Great Schism, which lasted until 1417.
		Uncertainty over who the legitimate pope might be during the time of the Western Schism gave rise to the legal theory called Conciliarism, which claimed that a general council of the church was superior to the pope and could therefore judge between rival claimants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Avignon_Pope_Clement_VII (392 words)

	Provence-Hideaways
		Only in 1348, 43 years after the Holy See's move to Avignon, was Avignon purchased by Pope Clement VI for 80.000 florins from Joanna d'Anjou, Queen of Naples and Provence (he subsequently declared Joanna innocent of complicity in the murder of her husband).
		Pope Clement VI: 1342—1352, born in 1291 as Pierre Roger in a small village in the Corrèze, a Benedictine monk and doctor of theology.
		Clement VII, born Robert of Geneva, antipope from 1378 - 1394; the "official" Pope Clement VII is Giuliano de Medici (pope from 1523 to 1534).
	www.provence-hideaway.com /218.html (2109 words)

	Ted Marcus' Virtual Light Table: Avignon - Pictures and Travelogue
		Avignon was indeed the home of nine popes and the center of the Catholic Church for most of the 14th century.
		If Avignon was the "City of the Popes," Villeneuve was the "City of the Cardinals." Perhaps feeling a bit crowded and claustrophobic within the walls of Avignon, the cardinals built their palaces in Villeneuve.
		Contemporary with the popes and cardinals is the Fort St-André and its well-preserved gate tower.
	www.tedsimages.com /text/avignon.htm (960 words)

	THE AVIGNON PAPACY
		Boniface VII and Avignon: the decline of the papacy
		Avignon's significance is the fact that this seventy year period constitutes the longest unbroken period when the papal court remains away from Rome.
		Clement could not be called a French puppet, but he was in the French orbit.
	www.christianchronicler.com /history1/avignon_papacy.html (1696 words)

	Pope Clement V Summary
		He was elected Pope Clement V in June 1305, after a year's interregnum occasioned by the disputes between the French and Italian cardinals, who were nearly equally balanced in the conclave, which had to be held at Perugia.
		From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the King had charged the Templars with heresy, immorality and abuses, and the scruples of the Pope were compromised by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church, but would proceed independently.
		Clement V is often remembered for his nepotism, avarice, weakness and cunning, and often vilified as a willing collaborator in the designs of France against the Pope, who ushered in a century of schism: in the Divine Comedy, Dante is shown the place which awaits Clement V in the eighth circle of Hell.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Clement_V (1336 words)

	Chapter 13: A History of Aragon and Catalonia
		Juan certainly had the assent of the Avignon Pope, Clement VII, to a marriage between Maria and Martin, but the Great Schism was now in full progress, and the approval of Avignon was not sufficient to secure the loyalty of the barons of the island, many of whom aspired to independence.
		The papal difficulty was further increased by the death of Pope Clement in Avignon, and the election of a Spaniard, Pedro de Luna, Cardinal of Aragon, who took the name of Benedict XIII, and to whom the Aragonese naturally continued their recognition.
		Clement VII had been succeeded by Pedro de Luna, the Cardinal of Aragon, who took the title of Benedict XIII and was elected in September 1394.
	libro.uca.edu /chaytor/hac13.htm (3236 words)

	Papal Schism, 100Years War, Black Plague
		The humiliation that the Pope suffered at the hands of Charles of Anjou was compounded by the increasing polarization among the different political factions in the city of Rome.
		Although the move was undertaken in part to insure the Pope freedom of action, it appeared to many in Europe that the presence of the papacy in France compromised the Pope's independence and made the papacy the vassal of the French crown.
		The Popes in Avignon were very efficient administrators, and the Church regained much of the power it had lost during its feud with the Empire.
	www.li.suu.edu /library/courses/hum101/papal.htm (2027 words)

	History of Avignon - Avignon Travel Guide
		Avignon was badly damaged by the barbarian invasions of the 5th century and was destroyed in 737 by the Franks under Charles Martel, after it had sided with the Arabs against him.
		In 1348 Pope Clement VI bought it from Queen Joanna I of Sicily for 80,000 gold gulden, and it remained a papal possession until 1791, when, during the disorder of the French Revolution, it was incorporated into France.
		Pope Gregory XI The period of Avignon popes from 1309 to 1377 was also called the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, in reference to the Israelites' enslavement in biblical times.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /france/avignon-history.htm (785 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Clement V
		The pontificate of Clement is one long chronicle of dictation by the French king.
		Clement stopped Philip’s effort to have Boniface posthumously condemned as a heretic; he supported Philip in the suppression of the Knights Templars.
		Supported the coronation of Henry VII as Holy Roman emperor in 1312, but later renounced Henry for his policies in Italy.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0195.htm (139 words)

	AllRefer.com - Clement V, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		He was crowned pope at Lyons in Philip's presence and lived the rest of his life in France.
		In 1309 he settled at Avignon, beginning the long, controversial residency of the papacy there.
		Although Clement effectively squelched Philip's effort to have Boniface posthumously condemned as a heretic : an act that would have been disastrous to the papacy : he supported Philip in the infamous suppression of the Knights Templars.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Clement5.html (332 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He was the fifth French pope in less than fifty years, but he inaugurated a new tradition when he continued to reside in France, in a tiny principality--the Comtat Venaissin--which was already papal territory.[1] For seventy-three years all the popes were French, and all but all of the cardinals.
		As, no doubt, were the rival popes, of both of whom (long before the crisis of 1408 which produced the first of these councils, Pisa) all parties were heartily sick and tired--because of solemn promises to resign made only to be broken, promises to negotiate with one another followed repeatedly by endless justifying evasions.
		The pope had not done this willingly and cheerfully, but compelled by the emperor Sigismund, at a crisis in John's own fortunes brought about very largely by his own evil life and by a curious loss of practical capacity that seemed to descend on him once he was elected.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun17.html (4142 words)

	Avignon, Provence - SNAP
		His return to Rome was hindered by an empty treasury (depleted from costly wars to subdue the papal states, past building campaigns, and the enormously expensive 'move' to Rome in 1367), and the affinities of many cardinals for the south of France, which was their home.
		For several reasons, five months later the cardinals declared this election null and void, and elected Robert of Geneva as pope ('Clement VII'--not to be confused with the later Clement VII).
		Clement moved back to Avignon, but was not the undisputed head of the Church: countries took sides with either Urban or Clement, causing great political and spiritual confusion.
	members.tripod.com /~avx/avignon/p04.html (338 words)

	Pope Clement VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Clement VI né Pierre Roger (1291 - December 6 1352) pope (1342 -1352) the fourth of the Avignon popes was elected in May 1342.
		Like his immediate predecessors he was devoted France and he further evinced his French sympathies by refusing a solemn invitation return to Rome and by purchasing the of Avignon from Joanna queen of Naples for 80 000 crowns.
		The other chief incidents of his pontificate his disputes with Edward III of England on account of the latter's encroachments ecclesiastical jurisdiction his excommunication of the Emperor Louis of Bavaria his negotiations for reunion with the Eastern Church and the commencement of Cola di Rienzi 's agitation at Rome.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_VI (273 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Boniface IX
		He confronted the Avignon anti-pope Clement VII over the rightful king of Naples and pressed on to kick the Avignon forces out of Italy.
		Following the death of Clement, a new Avignon anti-pope, Benedict XIII, was elected, and the conflict continued the rest of Boniface's reign.
		We do know that it was a time of shrinking revenues for the Vatican, and that most of the financial policy was moving to the hands of the Curia, not the papacy.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0203.htm (295 words)

	How many popes can there be? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		France, Naples, Scotland and Spain held Clement VII to be the true pope.
		Although Popes had often denied that councils had authority over them, it was clear to all that only a fully representative council could end the current impasse.
		It deposed the rival popes and elected a third, who called himself Alexander V. Since neither of the other two accepted the council's authority, there were now three popes instead of two.
	chi.gospelcom.net /morestories/avignon.shtml (682 words)

	Clement XI - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Clement XI (1649-1721), pope (1700-1721), who attempted, unsuccessfully, to intervene in the events leading to the War of the Spanish Succession...
		1260-1314), pope (1305-1314), the first pope to reside in Avignon, where the seat of the papacy remained until 1377.
		Clement VII (antipope) (1342-1394), the first antipope (1378-1394) of the Great Schism.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Clement_XI.html (96 words)

	Chaucer, Wyclif, Hus, and Chelcicky by Sanderson Beck
		Three principles he emphasized were that the clergy and especially the pope should be humble and ready to serve, that they must remove themselves from secular affairs according to the apostolic example, and that thus the Church should be relieved of its excessive endowments.
		Wyclif was also disgusted by the crusade Norwich bishop Henry de Spenser was preparing for Urban VI against the Avignon Pope Clement VII in 1383 and wrote tracts condemning the clerics, curates, prelates, priests, and monks who are enemies of peace and maintainers of war in order to perpetuate their possessions and rob poor tenants.
		Pope Nicholas V declined to recognize Rokycans, and the Hussites thought of joining the Greek Orthodox Church; but the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453, the year the Taborites were finally wiped out by the campaigns of Podebrady, who was elected king of Bohemia in 1458.
	www.san.beck.org /GPJ11-Chaucer,Wyclif.html (5074 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The first antipope of the Western Schism, Clement VII was born Robert, son of Count Amadeus of Geneva and Marie de Boulogne, in 1342.
		He was Pope Gregory XI's legate to the states of northern Italy, and in 1377, he led the troops who massacred 4,000 antipapal rebels at Cesena.
		Robert supported the election of Pope Urban VI in 1378, but led the French cardinals in their nullification of the election a few months later.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/clementvii.html (205 words)

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