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Topic: Avoidance

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	Tax avoidance/evasion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tax avoidance is the legal exploitation of the tax regime to one's own advantage, to attempt to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law whilst making a full disclosure of the material information to the tax authorities.
		Tax avoidance may be considered as either the amoral dodging of one's duties to society or the right of every citizen to find all the legal ways to avoid paying too much tax.
		In the UK, there is no general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR), but certain provisions of the tax legislation (known as "anti-avoidance" provisions) apply to prevent tax avoidance where the main object (or purpose), or one of the main objects (or purposes), of a transaction is to enable tax advantages to be obtained.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tax_evasion (785 words)

	Avoidance (1953) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Avoidance, in German Meidung, popularized by some American newspapers as the "Mite." Avoidance relates to the break in fellowship, religious and social, which is occasioned by excommunication from the church fellowship, and which amounts to almost complete social ostracism.
		Avoidance is the name given to the practice of having no fellowship with such excommunicated and impenitent sinners.
		The term "avoidance" is taken from Romans 16:17 where the apostle instructs the believers to "avoid" those who work against the peace of the church.
	www.mhsc.ca /encyclopedia/contents/A928ME.html (1595 words)

	Allergic Diseases Resource Center: Allergen Avoidance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On the basis of avoidance studies performed in homes, the conclusion reached as early as the mid 1980s was that avoidance measures needed to be complete to achieve successful outcomes.
		Avoidance studies are plagued by behavioral effects induced by enrollment into the study (so called Hawthorne effects).
		The importance of an overall approach to avoidance is illustrated by the successful results of the recent controlled trial of avoidance among urban children with asthma (11).
	www.worldallergy.org /professional/allergic_diseases_center/allergen_avoidance/index.shtml (2920 words)

	Allergy Control Through Allergen Avoidance - National Allergy
		However, studies do indicate that allergen avoidance is essential to effective treatment of asthma and allergies.
		When feasible, avoidance is the preferred form of treatment, since it both relieves symptoms and eradicates the cause of the difficulty.
		Avoidance in the bedroom is often sufficient because children spend more time there than in other rooms of the house.
	www.natlallergy.com /smart_doctor.html (424 words)

	Tax Evas Shams Part 1
		First, in a case of avoidance the taxpayer's calculation of assessable income will be correct if one starts from the proposition that the taxpayer's transactions are effective for tax purposes (and if one assumes that the taxpayer makes no other mistakes in composing the tax return).
		However, in respect of tax avoidance transactions the related transactions rule is codified and expanded in New Zealand by section BB 9 of the Income Tax Act, and in Australia by the Australian counterpart of section BB 9, namely, Part IVA of the Federal Income Tax Assessment Act.
		If the avoidance arrangement is in fact effective it is probably not possible to obtain a conviction, because the taxpayer's income is in fact only $60,000 and what he did could not cause loss to the Commissioner.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /~prebble/publications_available/taxevasshams.html (12731 words)

	[No title]
		Congestion avoidance and slow start require that two variables be maintained for each connection: a congestion window, cwnd, and a slow start threshold size, ssthresh.
		Congestion avoidance dictates that cwnd be incremented by segsize*segsize/cwnd each time an ACK is received, where segsize is the segment size and cwnd is maintained in bytes.
		This step is congestion avoidance, since TCP is down to one-half the rate it was at when the packet was lost.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2001.txt (1775 words)

	Network congestion avoidance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Network congestion avoidance is a process used in computer networks to avoid congestion.
		Implementations of connection-oriented protocols, such as the widely-used TCP protocol, generally watch for packet errors, losses, or delays (see Quality of Service) in order to adjust the transmit speed.
		There are many different network congestion avoidance processes, since there are a number of different trade-offs available.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Network_congestion_avoidance (676 words)

	ITFORUM Paper 35
		Computer avoidance can be defined as an overall feeling of aversion to using computers based upon the emotions, attitudes, and motivation levels of the individual.
		Avoidance of computers can be a severe problem as a society becomes so highly technological, especially when teachers avoid interacting with computers.
		The link between the factors of negative attitudes and high anxiety to an individual's avoidance of computers is known to be a strong one.
	itech1.coe.uga.edu /itforum/paper35/paper35.html (3596 words)

	Obstacle Avoidance steering behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The nearest such threat is chosen for avoidance and is marked with a green boundary.
		To avoid an obstacle, a lateral steering force is applied opposite to the obstacle's center.
		Steering varies linearly, braking varies quadratically.) If avoidance fails and the vehicle overlaps an obstacle, the color of the obstacle changes to red.
	www.red3d.com /cwr/steer/Obstacle.html (191 words)

	Faux pas avoidance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Search for Faux pas avoidance in other articles.
		Look for Faux pas avoidance in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Faux pas avoidance in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Faux_pas_avoidance (121 words)

	Tax avoidance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bird Avoidance Model Provides pilots and planners/schedulers access to bird strike and bird avoidance models along with other geospatial themes.
		Wisebuy UK Information for investors on investment, savings and tax avoidance.
		The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant; â“ specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Tax_avoidance.html (172 words)

	Seabird Avoidance Gear and Methods for Alaska Fishermen
		Seabird avoidance gear must be onboard, made available for inspection upon request by specified persons, and must be used while hook-and-line gear is being deployed.
		Night-setting, the use of a line shooter, or the use of a lining tube (for underwater setting of gear) must be accompanied by the applicable seabird avoidance gear requirements as specified in the regulation.
		The Seabird Avoidance Plan will also serve to aid vessel operators in that it is written in plain language, contains illustrations of the required seabird avoidance measures, and describes most of the requirements that must be taken to comply with this rule.
	www.fakr.noaa.gov /protectedresources/seabirds/guide.htm (1042 words)

	Obstacle Detection and Avoidance for an Autonomous Farm Tractor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Obstacle avoidance is accomplished through a combination of global and local avoidance subsystems that deal with both known and unknown obstacles in the operating area of the vehicle.
		The global avoidance subsystem is a mission-level path planner that preplans paths around all known obstacles while the local avoidance subsystem maneuvers the tractor around unknown obstacles.
		The task of the avoidance algorithm is to maneuver the vehicle around the obstacle with the goal of returning to the preplanned path as quickly as possible.
	www.autonomoussolutions.com /research/press/KeithGrayThesis.html (15521 words)

	"Encyclopedia of Mental Health: Shyness"
		This prisoner-guard metaphor led to conceptualizing shyness as a self-imposed prison of silence and solitary confinement.
		In all three cases, however, the willingness to make a second effort was a significant negative predictor, and a belief in control of the impression one was making on another was a significant negative predictor of social anxiety.
		The MMPI is used to assess current symptomatology, and the Millon to assess the presence of personality disorders, long standing traits or patterns of behavior that have been maladaptive in work or interpersonal relationships.
	www.shyness.com /encyclopedia.html (7440 words)

	Upland Bird Dog: Rattlesnake Avoidance
		She acted like a mongoose with her head bobbing back and forth while the rattlesnake was coiled ready to strike.
		I remember Bill West, a professional trainer, say he postulated a snake avoidance procedure during one of his seminars.
		Currently, we are scheduled to have several snake avoidance workshops for 2005.
	www.uplandbirddog.com /snake (631 words)

	Unaligned Collision Avoidance steering behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The avoidance of the gray obstacle is accomplished with the technique used by the green vehicle in the containment demonstration.
		Collision avoidance is obtained for a vehicle by considering each of the other vehicles, and determining (based on current velocities) when and where the two will make their nearest approach.
		A failure of collision avoidance is indicated by a vehicle's color changing to red when it touches another vehicle.
	www.red3d.com /cwr/steer/Unaligned.html (251 words)

	Filtration Avoidance
		For a drinking water system to qualify for filtration avoidance under the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), the system cannot be the source of a waterborne disease outbreak, must meet source water quality limits for coliform and turbidity and meet coliform and total trihalomethane MCLs.
		Filtration avoidance also requires that a watershed control program be implemented to minimize microbial contamination of the source water.
		The 1993 avoidance determination was scheduled for reevaluation in December of 1996.
	www.epa.gov /region02/water/nycshed/filtad.htm (923 words)

	Anaphylaxis in Schools and Child Care Settings
		Avoidance of a specific allergy is the cornerstone of management in preventing anaphylaxis.
		It is impractical to achieve complete avoidance of all allergenic foods as there can be hidden or accidentally introduced sources.
		Avoidance is more difficult to achieve for this type of allergy but certain precautions by the schools may be helpful:
	www.oma.org /phealth/allergy.htm (3283 words)

	LookSmart - Search results for "avoidance strategy taxes" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The report of engaging in a price avoidance strategy was associated with living within 40 miles of a state or Indian reservation with lower cigarette excise taxes, higher average cigarette...
		The top traffic avoidance strategy is to take a less direct route to work...
		Under this tax avoidance strategy, the trustee would be encouraged to...
	www.looksmart.com /r_search?key=avoidance+strategy+taxes (532 words)

	Falcon 4 Missile Avoidance (www.combatsim.com)
		One of the very first things we learn in Falcon 4 is that missile avoidance is difficult, and often impossible, depending on your mission and what stage of the war you are in.
		When considering missile avoidance tactics, the subject must be kept in context of the kind of mission we are flying and weapons we're carrying.
		The key to survival is in keeping the odds in your favor, whether by threat avoidance or management.
	www.combatsim.com /htm/feb99/f4-avoid.htm (1822 words)

	Tax Analysts: Tax Quotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The avoidance of tax may be lawful, but it is not yet a virtue.
		Taxes are a cost, so tax avoidance is part and parcel of competition to bring consumers better stuff at lower cost.
		The tax code makes tax avoidance (which is perfectly legal and proper) easy; and tax evasion (which is a felony), tempting.
	www.taxanalysts.com /www/website.nsf/Web/TaxQuotes?OpenDocument (8822 words)

	RFC 2309 (rfc2309) - Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Av
		It has become clear that the TCP congestion avoidance mechanisms [ RFC2001 ], while necessary and powerful, are not sufficient to provide good service in all circumstances.
		The equitable sharing of bandwidth among flows depends on the fact that all flows are running basically the same congestion avoidance algorithms, conformant with the current TCP specification [HostReq89].
		Others may deliberately be implemented with congestion avoidance algorithms that are more aggressive in their use of bandwidth than other TCP implementations; this would allow a vendor to claim to have a "faster TCP".
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2309.html (4148 words)

	Tax avoidance
		Some of the more common tax avoidance procedures are: Controlled foreign corporation, and a tax haven corporation.
		The most important thing to remember when implementing a tax avoidance strategy is: you cannot have a branch or an office in the United States.
		Outlined above are just some of the most powerful tax avoidance strategies used by many of the ultra wealthy and elite money managers in the world.
	www.credit-reports-101.com /3431-tax-avoidance.html (248 words)

	Developing Handling as an Extension of Force-Fetch
		One of the most often seen and obvious communications that a dog transmits to the trainer are “escape” or “avoidance” responses to training commands or to pressure.
		This avoidance of eye contact is not a submissive sign but a sign of avoidance, indifference, or escape from the commands.
		Perhaps the most obvious volume of avoidance reactions come from the dog who insists on putting on a "rodeo” by fighting the lead when initially made to walk on a leash at the "heel" position.
	www.northernflight.com /dontwant.htm (2309 words)

	Hormones and stress:The pituitary-adrenal-axis in learning and memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This task is an example of 'discriminated' avoidance because a warning signal (light or buzzer) warns that shock is about to be delivered to the side of the shuttle-box currently occupied by the rat.
		The task is called 'avoidance' because the animal can avoid the shock by moving to the other side of the apparatus.
		Therefore it is unlikely that the restoration of avoidance behaviour in these rats is due to a secondary effect of ACTH on the adrenal cortex.
	salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk /year1/stressho.htm (3149 words)

	TAX CONCEPTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One could say that tax avoidance that gives rise to tax diversion is imperfect tax avoidance, and always risks being treated by tax authorities as pure tax evasion.
		Undoubtedly, however, perfect tax avoidance is a somewhat ideal solution to the tax problem—something that you can easily find out in theory, but hardly in practice.
		What perfect tax avoidance presupposes is that you avoid taxes incidentally; that is, in moving from a worse-performing to a better-performing business you happen to avoid taxes.
	perso.wanadoo.es /eviana/taxes (2079 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology: Avoidance learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Avoidance learning is the process by which an individual learns a behavior or response to avoid a stressful or unpleasant situation.
		Researchers have found avoidance behavior challenging to explain, since the reinforcement for the behavior is to not experience the negative reinforcer, or punishment.
		An example of avoidance learning in humans is the situation when a person avoids a yard where there is a barking dog.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0000/ai_2699000033 (356 words)

	Biological Sciences, Open University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The passive avoidance task has the merits of being rapid and sharply timed (chicks peck a bead within 10 seconds) and as many as 60 chicks can be trained in a single session.
		Passive avoidance training is no exception, and anisomycin injected into the IMHV either before or up to some 60 minutes post-training results in amnesia for the avoidance.
		This review has focussed on the sequence of biochemical events occurring in the chick IMHV consequent on passive avoidance training, and I have argued that the cascade we have identified, leading as it does to measurable morphological changes in synaptic connectivity, is a necessary part of memory consolidation.
	www.open.ac.uk /science/biosci/research/rose/landm.htm (7176 words)

	Using avoidance and passive behavior modification to treat canine dominance aggression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Using avoidance and passive behavior modification to treat canine dominance aggression
		By avoiding certain situations and teaching their dogs to defer to them for attention, owners can break the cycle of aggressive behavior.
		Avoidance alone will likely improve an affected dog's behavior because the dog will no longer be rewarded for inappropriate behavior.
	www.hilltopanimalhospital.com /avoidance.htm (1071 words)

	[No title]
		Prudent avoidance, as thus defined, might seem reasonable if one understood the nature and severity of the risk, which is not the case for the alleged EMF health hazard.
		I agree with the critics of "prudent avoidance" who have call it "the abandonment of science, "the triumph of fear of the unknown over reason," and "being so vague as to be useless.4" Prudent avoidance is a delight for plaintiff lawyers since it is essentially a conclusion that the danger is probable.
		Thus, we see that the advocates of "prudent avoidance" are willing to spend large sums for mitigation efforts with no clear assessment of any benefits to be gained.
	www.calpoly.edu /~dhafemei/pavoidance.html (1520 words)

	The National Autistic Society - Pathological Demand Avoidance
		Reports a follow up study into the robustness of the diagnosis pattern from one individual to another and over time within individuals with pathological demand avoidance, a syndrome claimed to be within pervasive developmental disorder but distinct from autism.
		A discriminant functions analysis of PDA in relation to autism and Aspergers syndrome can be found (Newson and le Maréchal) in the Durham conference papers of 1998 (Psychbiology of Autism: current research and practice); this and other papers are available from the Early Years Diagnostic Centre.
		A proposal is made to recognise pathological demand avoidance syndrome as a separate entity within the pervasive developmental disorders, instead of being classified under pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS, DSM-IV).
	www.nas.org.uk /nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=306&a=3352 (1688 words)

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