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	Avraham Stern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Avraham Stern (Hebrew: אברהם שטרן Avraham Shtern), alias Yair (Hebrew: יאיר) (December 23, 1907 - February 12, 1942) was the founder and leader of the Zionist underground organization later known as Lehi and also known as the "Stern Gang".
		Stern was born in Suwalki, Poland, immigrated to Israel in 1925, and studied in the Hebrew Gymnasium in Jerusalem, and afterwards in the Hebrew University on Mount Scopus.
		Stern rejected collaboration with the British, and claimed that only a continuing struggle against the British Empire will lead eventually to an independent Jewish State and resolve the Jewish situation in the Diaspora.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Avraham_Stern (491 words)

	Lehi (group) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Avraham ("Yair") Stern was originally an adherent of the Revisionist Zionist movement founded by Ze'ev Jabotinsky in the early 1920s and a member of Irgun, but separated from these groups in 1940 to form his own group, which he called Irgun Zvai Leumi be-Yisrael (National Military Organization in Israel).
		Specifically, Stern believed that the Jewish population should focus its efforts on fighting the British rather than supporting them in World War II; and that forceful methods were an effective means to achieve those goals.
		Stern's group was seen as a major threat by the British authorities, who regarded it as a terrorist organisation and instructed the Defence Security Office (the colonial branch of MI5) to track down its leaders.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lehi_(group) (2111 words)

	Raphael Avraham Stern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Stern, R.A., Gur, A. and Altman, A. The effect of myo-inositol and benzyladenine on root viability in peaches and on the translocation of carbohydrates and cytokinins.
		Stern, R.A., Shai, O., Yehuda, H., Matityahu, A., Schneider, D., Eisikowitch, D. and Goldway, M. Reduction in yield of the apple cultivar 'Topred' is due to semi-compatibility with its pollenizer 'Jonathan'.
		Stern, R.A. Sargal, A. and Flaishman, M. Effect of the synthetic cytokinin CPPU on fruit size and yield of 'Spadona' and 'Coscia' pear (Pyrus communis L.).
	www.mop-zafon.org.il /cv/cvrafistern.html (5382 words)

	Avraham Stern
		Avraham Stern was born in Poland to a learned Zionist family.
		Stern, who viewed the British, more then the Arabs, as the primary enemy of the Jews and the principal obstacle to Jewish independence, called strongly for an armed struggle against the British.
		Stern and others who refused to accept Haganah leadership remained in the Irgun under the command of Jabotinsky and continued their militant activities.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/stern.html (443 words)

	Stern Biography
		Yair was the nom de guerre of Avraham Stern, who in 1940 broke away from the Irgun Tzva'i Le'umi (Etzel), later headed by Menachem Begin, and founded the Lohamei Herut Yisrael (LEHI, the Fighters for the Freedom of Israel, derisively called by the British the "Stern Gang").
		Stern was a brilliant leader, well-versed in Torah as well as in the classics of Greek and Western philosophy, secular arts and culture, and the sciences.
		Yair Stern (the son) is the head of Israel Television, and the former Washington correspondent for Israel Television News.
	www.saveisrael.com /stern/sternbio.htm (203 words)

	Stern, Avraham (1907-1942)
		An outstanding student of the humanities, Stern won a scholarship to study classical languages and literature at the University of Florence.
		In 1931, a group of Haganah fighters, rejecting what they deemed was moderation and restraint in the fight for Jewish independence, broke away from the Haganah and formed an armed resistance movement of their own, known as the Irgun.
		Stern's extremism, coupled with several robberies committed by members of his group, earned Lehi the resentment of many Jews in Eretz Yisrael, as well as the British.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/100/people/Stern.html (421 words)

	Lehi
		It was active during the British Mandate of Palestine prior to the founding of the State of Israel and during the first part of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
		The Stern gang was founded by Avraham Stern[?] in 1940 as an offshoot from Irgun.
		Following Stern's death in 1942, the group was led by a triumvirate of Israel Eldad[?], Natan Yellin-Mor[?], and Yitzhak Shamir, who became the Prime Minister of Israel forty years later.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/le/Lehi.html (350 words)

	Lenni Brenner: Zionism in the Age of the Dictators (Chap. 26)
		Stern and his movement had debated the Nazi Madagascar scheme and concluded that it should be supported, just as Herzl had initially backed the British offer, in 1903, of a temporary Jewish colony in the Kenya Highlands.
		Stern felt that the only salvation for the Jews was to produce their own Zionist form of totalitarianism and make a clean break with Britain which, in any case, had abandoned Zionism with the 1939 White Paper.
		Stern was one of the Revisionists who felt that the Zionists, and the Jews, had betrayed Mussolini and not the reverse.
	www.marxists.de /middleast/brenner/ch26.htm (1922 words)

	THE STERN GANG
		Until Begin's election victory in l977, most pro-Zionist historians dismissed Revisionism as the fanatic fringe of Zionism; certainly the more extreme 'Stern Gang', as their enemies called Avraham Stern's Fighters for the Freedom of Israel, were looked upon as of more interest to the psychiatrist than the political scientist.
		Stern feared that the agreement might be part of a British provocation.[(6)] As a precaution, Stern sent Naftali Lubentschik to Beirut, which was still controlled by Vichy, to negotiate directly with the Axis.
		Stern and his movement had debated the Nazi Madagascar scheme and concluded that it should be supported, just as Herzl had initially backed the British offer, in 1903, of a temporary Jewish colony in the Kenya Highlands.[(8)]
	www.codoh.com /zionweb/zizad/zizad26.html (2006 words)

	The Split Within the Irgun
		Avraham Stern, who was then in Poland, was summoned back to Palestine and appointed head of the Information Department.
		Stern claimed that the fight against the British should continue, even though Great Britain was at war with Germany.
		The split was inevitable, and on July 17, 1940, Avraham Stern seceded and founded the organization known at first as Irgun Zvai Le'umi Be'yisrael - National Military Organization in Israel.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/split.html (1915 words)

	Why War? Keywords: Yitzhak Shamir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When the Irgun split in 1940, Shamir sided with the most militant faction, headed by Avraham Stern, which later became known as the Stern Gang.
		After Stern was killed by British in 1942, Shamir became one of the three leaders.
		During his tenure, the Stern Gang was responsible for many deeds, including the 1944 assassination of Britain's minister of state for the Middle East, Lord Moyne, and the 1948 assassination of the United Nations representative in the Middle East, Count Folke Bernadotte.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/people/Yitzhak_Shamir (578 words)

	disinformation \| less than hero (part 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Stern's dependable deputy and eventual successor was none other than Yitzhak Yezernitsky, later known as Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel.
		"Stern's proposal," Hitchens details, "which was rashly put in writing, began by establishing his ideological common ground with Nazism [emphasis added], expressing sympathy with the Hitlerite goal of a Jew-free Europe and speaking of 'the goodwill of the German Reich government.
		Even into 1941, after Stern was killed in a shoot-out and more became known of murderous Nazi policies, Shamir took control of the Stern Gang and never renounced his support for Hitler's goal of a Jewless Europe.
	www.disinfo.com /archive/pages/article/id1126/pg1 (768 words)

	Irgun - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Jewish Agency denounced the existence, strategy, and tactics of the group from the very outset, leading to a full-fledged confrontation in 1948 that led to the dissolution of the group.
		Irgun was founded in 1931 by Avraham Tehomi, following a largely political and ideological split with the Haganah after he had assumed leadership over the district of Jerusalem.
		A small group group lead by Avraham Stern, who insisted on continuing to fight the British, broke off and formed and independent group (see Lehi).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Irgun (1189 words)

	The Baker's Daughter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The daughter of Hassidic baker, Avraham Gerlitz, Ahuva was interested in his political discussions about the deteriorating situation of the Jews in pre-State Palestine.
		The main purpose of Lehi (Hebrew acronym for Fighters for the Freedom of Israel) was to expel the British with force, thus liberating the country to establish an independent Jewish state.
		Stern thought that the British war against Germany during World War Two as an opportunity to expel them while they were engaged in protecting their home on the continent.
	www.wzo.org.il /doingzionism/resources/view.asp?id=1183 (1395 words)

	Terrorism And The Origins Of Israel - Part 1 By Jean Shaoul
		One of the leading lights of the Stern Group, which had by this time renamed itself Lehi, was Yitzhak Shamir who became prime minister in 1983 and whose tenure in the highest office in Israel was second only to Ben Gurion.
		In 1939, when war broke out between Britain and Germany, Avraham Stern, one of the leaders of the Irgun, who had studied in Italy and was an admirer of Mussolini, rejected any support for the British against Germany.
		The Stern Group's policies and actions were opposed and condemned by the overwhelming majority of Jews in Palestine.
	www.rense.com /general38/trrism.htm (1776 words)

	village voice > news > Oy McVey by Jason Vest
		To this end, Stern actually made overtures to the Axis powers; September 1940 found him in dialogue with an emissary from Il Duce in Jerusalem, and in January 1941 he dispatched an agent to Vichy-controlled Beirut with instructions to convey a letter to representatives of the Reich.
		In it, Stern held that the "establishment of the historical Jewish state on a national and totalitarian basis, and bound by a treaty with the German Reich, would be in the interest of a maintained and strengthened future German position of power in the Near East.
		Yet, despite this history of terror, the Israeli Ministry of Defense underwrites museums commemorating the Stern Gang and the Irgun—which, under Menachem Begin, bombed the British headquarters at the King David Hotel in 1946, leaving 90 dead and 45 wounded (with 15 Jews among the casualties).
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0151/vest.php (896 words)

	Lenni Brenner: The Iron Wall (11. The Revolt)
		Avraham Stern and his followers, including Begin’s intimate friends, Nathan Yalin-Mor and Israel Scheib (Eldad), who had been able to escape to Palestine before the Baltic corridor had been completely shut off, continued to fight the British.
		However, given his simultaneous loyalty to Jabotinsky and his immense admiration for Stern, the question is impossible to answer.
		The WZO leadership, which had been told by Churchill that he would propose a post-war Zionist state, now saw their hopes for such largess vanish in the wake of the killing of Churchill’s personal friend, and Ben-Gurion determined on a campaign of co-operation with the British against the separatist movements.
	www.marxists.de /middleast/ironwall/11-revolt1.htm (1448 words)

	Hamas: A Pale Image of the Jewish Irgun And Lehi Gangs
		Stern sought alliance with the Nazis, both because they shared an enemy in Britain and because Lehi shared Hitler’s totalitarian ideology.
		An infamous document called the “Ankara Document” because it was found in the German Embassy in Ankara after the war, detailed Avraham Stern’s ideas “concerning the solution of the Jewish question in Europe.” It was dated Jan. 11, 1941.
		When Stern was killed by British police in 1942, leadership of Lehi was shared; among the leaders were Nathan Yalin-Mor, one of the eventual killers of Count Bernadotte, and Yitzhak Shamir, another future prime minister of Israel.
	www.wrmea.org /archives/May-June_2006/0605014.html (1555 words)

	[No title]
		Stern Gang, formed under Avraham Stern by dissident Irgunists, in protest against 1939 White Paper policy, calls for alliance with Axis powers in war against British.
		Avraham Stern, founder of Stern Gang, killed by British police.
		British White Paper on terrorism in Palestine accuses Haganah of cooperating with IZL and Stern Gang in acts of sabotage and violence.
	www.alnakba.org /chronology/fourth.htm (807 words)

	Ariel Sharon's Generation
		Led first by Avraham Stern and later by Shamir, the group called for a state that extended from the Nile to the Euphrates and proposed an alliance with Hitler to bring this about.
		In the fall of 1940, Stern met with one of Mussolini's agents in Jerusalem.
		Even well into 1941, after Stern was killed in a shoot-out and as more and more became known of Nazi racial policies, Shamir took control of the Stern Gang-never renouncing its support for Hitler.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /Articles/MickeyZ_Sharon.htm (968 words)

	Small Tastings of Torah, Judaism and Spirituality
		His name was Avraham, and like his namesake four thousand years earlier, he was willing to pit himself against the entire world if need be, rather than give up on the beliefs he held so dear.
		Avraham Stern was one of those individuals who finally decided enough was enough.
		Avraham Stern preferred to live in hiding in a small room in a dingy Tel Aviv apartment, rather than escape to the beautiful mountains of Switzerland, simply because this was the land that he loved; the place he had made his own.
	www.isralight.org /assets/Text/RBF_vayera05.html (2287 words)

	Aren't Palestinians as responsible as their leader al-Hajj Amin Hussieni who collaborated with the Nazis during WW II?
		In fact, the Stern gang's collaboration with the Fascists and Nazis was going on while their Jewish brothers were being persecuted in Nazi concentration camps.
		"Avraham Stern who had formed a breakaway 'Irgun in Israel' movement (also known as the Stern Gang), tried to make contact with Fascist Italy in the hope that, if Mussolini were to conquer the Middle East, he would allow a Jewish State to be set up in Palestine.
		After two members of the Stern's Gang had killed the Tel Aviv [British] police chief and two of his officers, Stern himself was caught and killed.
	palestineremembered.com /Acre/Palestine-Remembered/Story420.html (830 words)

	World War II
		However, Avraham Stern led a small faction of the Irgun against the British.
		Stern believed that the war in Europe was so important to the British that they would be more than willing to make consessions to Jews in Israel if this proved necessary.
		This only served to make Stern a martyr to LEHI members, and their resolve to attack the British was strengthened with Stern's death.
	www.stateofisrael.com /arab-israel/worldwarii (798 words)

	LEHI - definition - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of Zionism/Israel/
		Organization founded 1940 by Avraham Stern as the Irgun Tzvai Leumi Beyisrael (National Military Organization in Israel), a breakaway from the Irgun in Palestine under the British Mandate to fight the British and bring about an end to the mandate.
		Lehi disagreed with the Zionist program of cooperating with the British in fighting the Axis powers, because the British were preventing Jewish immigration to Palestine.
		Stern was killed by the British in 1942.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/LEHI.htm (797 words)

	Political Crossfire Forums :: View topic - Revisit: Who do you support? (read OP first) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Stern Gang or Lochemay Herut Yisra'el (LEHI; "Fighters for the Freedom of Israel") formed by dissident IZL members led by Avraham Stern.
		It should be noted that the Stern gang received extensive financial and military support from the Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy to terrorize the British Mandate in Palestine.
		The Stern Gang and the Irgun and Haganah were indeed terrorist groups that killed more than they spared, especially when the Zionists were driving the Palestinians out of their homes.
	www.politicalcrossfire.com /forum/viewtopic.php?p=1185330 (6817 words)

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