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Topic: Axis deer

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	Preliminary study of the behavior and ecology of axis deer on Maui, Hawaii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In axis deer (chital), the basic social unit is a matriarchal family group consisting of an adult female, her offspring of the previous year, and a fawn.
		Deer were seen foraging at all hours of daylight; yet when mid-day hours were sunny and hot, the deer tended to seek tree shade during mid-day and were not out in the open foraging on grasses.
		Because deer and goat pellets are not sufficiently dissimilar, distinguishing axis deer from goats by scats alone is not prudent (using pellet measurements and/or general appearance) except for the occasional spherical-shaped pellets seemingly unique to goats.
	www.hear.org /AlienSpeciesInHawaii/waringreports/axisdeer.htm (4042 words)

	Deer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Deer are widely distributed, with representatives in all continents except Australia, Antarctica, and Africa.
		Red Deer introduced into New Zealand in early 1900s (a gift from United States President Theodore Roosevelt) have been largely domesticated in deer farms since the late 1960s and are common farm animals there now.
		Deer meat, for which they are hunted and farmed, is called venison.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deer (1211 words)

	Animal Info - Calamian Deer
		Axis deer are predominantly grazers, though they occasionally browse and will eat fallen flowers and fruits of forest trees.
		Hog deer are generally found in riverine habitats, marshes and swamps with tall grass.
		Axis deer normally rest during the hotter part of the day and move about at dawn and dusk.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/artiperi/axiscala.htm (576 words)

	Axis Deer Run Amok on Maui (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In February 1995, deer droppings were spotted in the Waikamoi Preserve of the Nature Conservancy of Hawai`i, in East Maui.
		Evanson says he has seen deer and deer signs (rubbing is the distinctive signature of deer) on lands within the `Ahihi-Kina`u Natural Area Reserve and close to the Kanaio NAR.
		Eradication is difficult (although the O`ahu axis deer population was eradicated, largely as a result of urbanization of favored habitat).
	www.environment-hawaii.org /1199hoof.htm (1100 words)

	Axis Deer (Cervus axis)
		Axis deer are the most abundant exotic ungulate in Texas.
		Axis deer are inhabitants of secondary forest lands broken here and there by glades, with an understory of grasses, forbs, and tender shoots which supply adequate drinking water and shade.
		The reproductive pattern in axis deer is similar to that in domestic cattle.
	www.nsrl.ttu.edu /tmot1/cervaxis.htm (557 words)

	Advantage goes to axis deer as ecological struggle looms
		Axis deer appear to be naturally resistant to disease and parasites, he said.
		Female deer are sexually mature at a year old, and, in a study conducted on Molokai, about 85 percent of female deer were pregnant at any given time.
		Axis deer are nocturnal animals, and they'd be active when commuting workers are most likely to be on the roadway between Kihei and Upcountry during winter months, when the sun rises later and sets earlier, he said.
	www.moolelo.com /deer-beloved.html (1133 words)

	Axis Deer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The axis deer have become established on the islands of Lanai and Molokai.
		The axis deer were introduced to Hawaii in December 1867 when eight animals were unloaded in Honolulu as a gift to Kamehameha V. In January 1868 the king released these animals on his private Molokai lands.
		The axis deer retain the white spotting throughout life, and so they are considered to be an older form of deer than the temperate climate deer.
	www.hilozoo.com /animals/A_deer.htm (433 words)

	Indian axis deer, also known as chital, facts and photos. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Axis deer (Axis axis) come from the tropics of India, and are also called chital deer which means spotted in Hindustani.
		Axis fawns look a lot like whitetail fawns, but one difference is that the axis have a fl stripe down their backs, and the whitetail fawns do not.
		Axis, unlike most deer, are primarily grazers with their normal percent of graze 80 - 90%, but they will switch to browse when they need to.
	www.suwanneeriverranch.com /axis.htm (335 words)

	Printable Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Axis deer is native to India and Sri Lanka.
		The Axis is considered to be the most beautiful of the deer species, due to its reddish brown coat that is speckled with white spots and a bright white belly.
		As the deer cautiously walked into the meadow, we were surprised to see both of the Fallow management bucks along with several nice Red Stag bulls.
	www.texarkanagazette.com /articles/2003/11/27/sports/sports04.prt (1366 words)

	Dorman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The axis deer is native to Ceylon and Peninsular India, northward to Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim, and Bengal (all areas in India).
		In 1982, the migration of axis deer from the lowlands to canyon slopes and cliffs on Lana`i, the result of the decreased vigor of the primary food source, koa haole, was also not anticipated.
		Axis deer in Moloka'i have been proved to be non-carriers of the bovine tuberculosis, however (McKenzie and Davidson, 1989).
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /bot350/1996/Dorman/dorman.htm (2808 words)

	Axis kuhlii - Bawean deer
		Axis kuhlii is included in the subgenus Hyelaphus [Sundevall, 1846] along with the closely related hog deer and Calamian deer (Whitehead, 1993).
		Bawean deer frequently enter agricultural fields at the edge of forest at night, feeding on the young leaves of corn and cassava, but also on grasses and forbs growing among the crops (Blouch and Atmosoedirdjo, 1987).
		Axis (Latin) is said to be Pliny's name for the chital (Axis axis), although some records show it as "an unknown wild animal in India".
	www.ultimateungulate.com /Artiodactyla/Axis_kuhlii.html (2402 words)

	Axis Deer Hunt
		The Axis deer is a native of India.
		Anatomically, axis deer are more closely allied to the North American elk than to our native deer.
		Like our elk, rutting male axis deer emit bugle-like bellows, and both sexes have alarm calls or barks.
	www.hunttheffr.com /axis.htm (209 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: AXIS DEER
		The axis deer, or chital (Cervus axis Erxleben), is native to the Indian subcontinent.
		Axis deer are more active by day than by night, with greatest activity occurring for two to three hours after dawn and again before dark.
		Axis deer are also remarkably resistant to disease, a fact that may help explain their success as introduced animals.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/AA/tca3.html (605 words)

	JNRANCH: Animals: Axis Deer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The axis deer has become one of the most common exotics on Texas ranches since being introduced from zoo stock in the 1930s.
		The axis deer is characterized by three-tined antlers and well-defined spots on a rich red-brown coat.
		Axis deer are also hunted as trophies, with antlers averaging 22 to 27 inches and “trophies” ranging from 30 to 36 inches.
	www.jnranch.com /axis.htm (158 words)

	Axis deer a growing nuisance on Maui - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
		The axis deer, found on nearby Moloka'i as well, is multiplying quickly on Maui — and so is the damage it does.
		The growing population of axis deer on Maui has created concerns ranging from vehicle accidents, property damage, poaching, disease, crop damage and threats to native species and ecosystems.
		It was the state, in a move to establish new hunting opportunities, that introduced five axis deer to Maui in 1959 and four the next year.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2002/Aug/20/ln/ln36a.html (472 words)

	Axis Deer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Axis Deer - also known as Chital, are from India, they are a relatively low elevation mammal that would normally remain below 3,000 ft. elevation.
		Their population has grown geometrically to the point where, according to Maui's best deer researcher, the deer can no longer be "eradicated." Lanai, Molokai and Hawaii also have Axis deer.
		Axis deer are challenging to hunt for even the most experienced hunter whether you are bow hunting or hunt with rifle.
	www.mauihunting.com /axisdeer.htm (335 words)

	Axis Deer
		Axis deer were introduced to Texas in the 1930's and are now the most numerous and widespread of the introduced deer and antelope.
		Axis have a typical antler structure of three points on each side consisting of a main beam, one secondary point halfway up the beam, and a brow line.
		If every axis female lived for 15 years, produced four fawns every three years, and started having fawns before her second birthday, it would be decades before Axis meat production could equal 1% of current beef consumption.
	www.venison.com /axis.htm (702 words)

	Animal Info - Bawean Deer
		The Bawean deer is endemic to 520 sq km (200 sq mi) Bawean Island, Indonesia in the Java Sea.
		Hunting and habitat reduction due to expansion of teak plantations are the main threats to the Bawean deer.
		The Bawean deer is one of the species that live in the Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspot
	www.animalinfo.org /species/artiperi/axiskuhl.htm (399 words)

	Axis Deer
		Axis Deer (also called Chital and Spotted Deer) are native to Indian Himalayas, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Sikkim and introduced to Australia, New Zealand, the continental United States and Europe, where they became favorites of parks and zoological gardens.
		Axis Deer usually mate in spring and after the gestation period of 8-8.5 months the does give birth to one, rarely two fawns.
		Axis deer are pletiful in population, so they need little protection by conservation groups; you can view a picture of one online.
	www.axis-deer.com (376 words)

	Fossil Rim - Axis Deer
		The Axis deer are commonly mistaken for fallow deer.
		In addition, the male Axis deer have branched antlers, unlike the palmate antlers of the fallow deer.
		You'll see Axis deer hanging out along the treeline on the drive to the main pasture, sleeping when it's hot.
	www.fossilrim.com /animals/axis_deer.php (130 words)

	Blaschke Exotic Deer Farm: Livestock
		Axis trophy racks are scored by length of beam, rather than number of points.
		Uncooked Axis steak has.06 grams of fat, 26 calories and 13.9 mg of cholesterol per ounce, and is often recommended as a replacement for beef for patients suffering from high cholesterol and heart disease.
		Fallow Deer are native to the Mediterranean region, but have greatly increased their range due to introductions, and now are common in the wilds of Europe and parts of Asia.
	www.exoticdeer.org /blaschke2.htm (1371 words)

	The Axis Deer
		In 1868, the first deer were imported to Moloka'i from India as a gift.
		By the 1950's, axis deer had become an ecological problem.
		Hunters consider the axis deer a beneficial organism because it produces meat and enables them to enjoy a sporting activity.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~perrys/axis_deer.htm (102 words)

	Axis Deer pictures
		Axis Deer signal each other with barks and body movements like switching the tail.
		The primary diet of Axis Deer is grass, especially new weeds and forbs.
		Axis Deer are incapable of putting on intra-muscular fat; their lean, fat free, naturally tender red meat is considered to be the tastiest of all deer.
	www.axis-deer.com /axis-deer-pictures.htm (303 words)

	Marin Independent Journal - Plan to kill axis, fallow deer runs into opposition
		The axis and fallow deer are a problem because there is concern among park biologists the non-natives might out-muscle native deer and elk species for food, water and cover.
		Fallow deer are native to Europe and the Mediterranean, and the axis deer are native to India and southern Asia.
		While axis deer have the lowest numbers of the three species, their numbers can increase rapidly because of year-round breeding and early sexual maturity in fawns.
	www.marinij.com /marin/ci_3480884 (716 words)

	[No title]
		Furthermore, it was agreed that as axis deer were introduced on Maui by the State, the State should be responsible for funding the development and implementation of a management program that will mitigate the threat posed by axis deer and compensate for losses incurred as a result of the introduction of axis deer on Maui.
		We find that farmers bear the burden of economic damage caused by axis deer and are least able to bear the cost of protecting their crops; therefore, we recommend that money be made available to educate farmers about the best available programs and methods to protect their crops and to compensate them for their losses.
		We find that the economic potential from axis deer is limited by the absence of sufficient rendering, processing, and disposal facilities; therefore, we recommend that the legal and physical infrastructure to farm, process, and distribute venison be put in place.
	data2.itc.nps.gov /parks/hale/ppdocuments/ACF214.doc (4096 words)

	Axis deer, chital
		The Name "Chital": "Chital" is a Hindi word for "spotted." "Axis" is an unknown word, but possibly comes from an Indian word for the animal.
		These deer are a little over four feet long, with another foot for the tail.
		If an enemy (tiger, leopard, or dhole) approaches, the axis deer flees and often takes refuge in streams or rivers, where it can swim to safety.
	www.americazoo.com /goto/index/mammals/365.htm (235 words)

	Deer count draws fire from residents
		However, the last census of exotic deer was taken over 20 years ago, and the Park Service lacks an accurate count of their numbers and any information about how they affect native fl-tailed deer and tule elk populations, said park veterinarian Natalie Gates.
		Axis deer, a species native to India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, increased from 8 animals to a herd of 461 in 1976, Gates said.
		Axis deer have a brown-and-white spotted coat, and have been spotted grazing everywhere from the Olema Valley to the Nicasio Reservoir.
	www.ptreyeslight.com /stories/oct26_00/exotic_deer.html (664 words)

	Axis Deer Hunting - 10-28-2005
		Natural History: Axis deer are inhabitants of secondary forest lands broken here and there by glades, with an understory of grasses, forage, and tender shoots which supply adequate drinking water and shade.
		Unlike native deer, adult male axis deer normally are found living with herds of young and old animals of both sexes.
		Anatomically, axis deer are more closely allied to the North American elk than to native deer.
	www.bluewaterbiggame.com /game/north_american_introduced_axis_deer.cfm (515 words)

	MARIN COUNTY / Point Reyes nonnative deer population to be reduced by contraceptives, culling
		They are handsome creatures -- fallow deer have large antlers and range in color from dark brown to white, while axis deer have spotted coats.
		Currently, there are about 1,000 fallow deer and at least 250 axis deer in the park, said John Dell'Osso, a park spokesman.
		Efforts to control the fallow and axis deer populations through lethal culling were pursued from 1976 to 1994, but were abandoned in the wake of budgetary shortfalls and local opposition.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/12/09/BAGTJMSH501.DTL (992 words)

	International Adventure \| Argentina Axis Deer Hunting
		The Chital (or Cheetal) deer, also known as the spotted deer or axis deer is a large spotted deer which commonly inhabits wooded regions of Sri Lanka and most of India.
		Axis Deer congregate in herds of ten to fifty animals, which normally includes one or two stags and a number of females and young.
		An axis deer stands about 35 inches tall at the shoulder and weighs about 185 pounds.
	www.internationaladventure.com /argentina/biggame/axisdeer.html (188 words)

	Axis Deer
		There are two species of axis deer with one known as the chital.
		According to observers, the axis deer is one of the most beautiful deer in the world.
		Although in most deer the beauty of the species depends on a fine head of antlers on the bucks, this is not the case with the axis deer.
	www.samplesranch.com /axis.html (121 words)

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