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Axum, Ethiopia

Axumite Kingdom

Obelisk of Axum

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Kingdom of Axum

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	Axum
		Modern Axum is the capital of the Abyssinian province of Tigré, and nestles in a kloof, or valley, beneath a lofty peak of the Adoua mountains, at 7,545 feet above the level of the sea.
		The other principal ecclesiastics resident at Axum are the above mentioned Etchigeh (Etchagué), or principal bishop, always a native; the Nebrid, a kind of archdeacon or head of the priesthood and rector of the cathedral; the Lij Kaneat, or judge in ecclesiastical matters, together with monks and priests of various grades.
		Axum claims to hold in the innermost recesses of its cathedral the original Tables of the Law and the tabout, or Ark of the Covenant that the Abyssinians say was brought from Jerusalem to their ancient fortress of Ava by Menelek, the son of Solomon, and the Queen of Sheba, and transferred later to Axum.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/a/axum.html (1179 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Axum
		It was the centre of the Axumite Kingdom, which emerged around the time of the birth of Jesus and declined after the 7th century due to unknown reasons, but contributed to the shift of the power centre of the Ethiopian Empire further inland.
		The kingdom of Axum had its own written language called Ge'ez, and also developed a distinctive architecture exemplified by giant obelisks, the oldest of which (though much smaller) date from 5,000-2,000 BC This kingdom was at its height under king Ezana, baptized as Abreha, in the 300s (which was also when it officially embraced Christianity).
		Axum is considered to be the holiest city in Ethiopia and is an important destination of pilgrimages.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Axum (990 words)

	Pilot Guides.com:Axum and the Ark of the Covenant
		Axum is a city with a rich history and a history of riches.
		The transfer of the Ark of the Covenant from Jerusalem to Axum is recounted in a medieval epic written in Ge'ez, "The Glory of Kings".
		Axum town is surrounded by dry hills with drab houses roofed with corrugated iron contrasting against the ruins of ancient monument - temples, fortresses, palaces, and churches.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/africa/ethiopia/axum.php (996 words)

	Axum - LoveToKnow 1911
		Bent conjectured that the seat of government was transferred to Axum from Jeha, which he identified with the ancient Ava; and according to a document quoted by Achille Raffray the third Christian monarch transferred it from Axum to Lalibela.
		Wylde conjectures that it had become unsuitable for a royal seat by having acquired the status of a sacred city, and thus affording sanctuary to criminals and political offenders within the chief church and a considerable area round it, where there are various houses in which such persons can be lodged and entertained.
		Others attribute it to religious fanaticism, or to the result of some barbaric invasion, such as Axum may have repeatedly endured before it was sacked by Mahommed Gran, sultan of Harrar, about 1535.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Axum (517 words)

	Axum
		Axum is also known for its massive, towering sculptures that are more than two thousand years old.
		Axum dates back some 2,000 years to when it was the hub of the Axumite Empire.
		The 16th century Church of St Mary of Zion is the holiest Christian sanctuary in Ethiopia, and Ethiopians believe that the church houses the Ark of the Covenant, containing the tables on which Moses wrote the Ten Commandments.
	www.selamta.net /axum.htm (829 words)

	Axum
		AXUM, the site of Ethiopias most ancient city, is today a small town blissfully ignorant of its glorious past.
		The chapel, fashioned out of blocks of gray granite, stands at the heart of Axums extensive monastic complex and is annexed to the seventeenth-century Cathedral of St Mary of Zion where the sacred relic previously rested.
		Another fallen Axum stele, almost nine meters long, bears a relief carving near its apex with a capital formed of two leaves supporting a square within a square surmounted by a triangle.
	www.natytoursethiopia.com.et /Axum.htm (1916 words)

	Sacred Sites of Ethiopia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Treasury of the Arc of the Covenant Axum, Ethiopia
		The remote town of Axum was the earliest historical center where the followers of Muhammad freely exercised their religion in an atmosphere of peace without the fear of persecution.
		Axum began to decline in the early decades of the 7th century following the rise and rapid expansion of the Muslim Arabs throughout the Middle East.
	www.sacredsites.com /africa/ethiopia/sacred_sites_ethiopia.html (3766 words)

	Civilizations in Africa: Axum
		Ezana declared Axum to be a Christian state, thus making it the first Christian state in the history of the world, and began actively converting the population to Christianity.
		So the Ethiopians, unlike other Christians, really saw themselves as inheriting the covenants that Yahweh entered into with his chosen people (as a side note, the Ethiopic Church claims to have the Ark of the Covenant which is the chest in which the Decalogue was kept by the Hebrews).
		Two Christian states north of Axum, Maqurra and Alwa, survived until the thirteenth century when they were finally forced by Muslim migration to become Islamic.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/AXUM.HTM (668 words)

	Axum the first african capitol
		AXUM, the site of Ethiopia's most ancient city, is today a small town, ignorant of its glorious past.
		Protected by the mountains of northern Tigray, Axum survived and kept on having a big influence on the imaginations and spiritual lives of many Ethiopians.
		Axum is for all of this a place worth to be visited during the Historical tour or in combination with one of our other tours
	www.ethiopiatravel.com /Axum_eng.htm (1928 words)

	Axum: MRA'G Travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Axum is Ethiopia's most ancient city and home of queen Sheba.
		The city of Axum was a vital commercial croosroads between Egypt and the Mediterranean and the eastern countries of India and Ceylon.
		Axum is also one of the places where the Arc of Convenent is said to be.
	www.mragtravel.com /Axum.htm (245 words)

	Amazon.com: Axum 6.0: Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Axum takes the hassle out of preparing your papers for publication by letting you produce publication-quality documents easily on your own printer.
		Axum's panel plots let you drag and drop to instantly divide your graph into panels of subsamples.
		Axum's flexibility is hard to beat, so it meets the needs of your specific projects and work style.
	www.amazon.com /Maths-100-43061-Axum-6-0/dp/B00002S5W0 (1574 words)

	Kingdom Of Axum
		Axum was the most advanced civilization during this time in the northeastern part of Africa.
		Among the important architectural archivements of Axum during this stage were Kaleb's tomb at Axum and the Giant Steale, both meant monuments to the kings.
		The first king of Axum was Ezana I. King Ezana I was the paramout king of a large empire that included Axum, Arabia, Saba, Abyssinia, Beja, and Moroe.
	www.geocities.com /ps5kingdoms/Axum (835 words)

	Ethiopia_Axum
		The founding of the Empire of Axum in the 5th century BC is often taken as the starting point.
		Axum had a rich architecture as aproven by the big obelisks, still to be seen, and still an inspiration for modern builders.
		Axum continued to be the crowning place for the Royals up until Ras Tafari, Emperor Haile Selassie.
	www.timelessethiopia.com /axum.html (165 words)

	Obelisk of Axum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Obelisk of Axum in Rome in 2002.
		The obelisk was carved and erected in the town of Axum (in modern-day Ethiopia) during the 4th century by subjects of the Kingdom of Aksum, an ancient Ethiopian civilization.
		It was looted from Axum by the Italian army in 1937, after the Italian conquest of Abyssinia, and taken to Rome to stand in front of the Ministry for Italian Africa (later the headquarters of the United Nations's Food and Agriculture Organization).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Axum_obelisk (455 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Axum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For the kingdom, see Kingdom of Axum Axum, properly Aksum, is a city in northern Ethiopia.
		The kingdom of Axum had its own written language called Ge'ez, and also developed a distinctive architecture exemplified by giant obelisks, the oldest of which (though much smaller) date from 5,000-2,000 BC Herausgegeben von Uhlig, Siegbert, Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005), p.
		This kingdom was at its height under king Ezana, baptized as Abreha, in the 300s (which was also when it officially embraced Christianity).
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Axum (986 words)

	Donna Axum: ZoomInfo Business People Information
		Donna Axum Miss Arkansas The 10 finalists were requested to select a word from a board on stage and give her definition of what it meant to her.
		Hurley B. Axum of El Dorado, Ark. She is a senior at the University of Arkansas and has had special training in modern dance, voice, piano and dramatics.
		Miss Axum is a member of the University of Arkansas Schola Cantorum Choir that won first place in international competition in Italy in 1962 ; No stranger to being a queen, she was the national cotton-picking queen of 1962.
	www.zoominfo.com /people/axum_donna_820825.aspx (661 words)

	Ethiopia - Axum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Axum is situated near the border with Eritrea were there have been conflicts for some time.
		There is a chapel in Axum that is not very big or very impressive, but it is heavily fortified.
		A short walk outside Axum is the ruins of what is said to be the palace of the Queen of Sheba.
	www.soer.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /ethiopia/axum.html (643 words)

	Axum - Memory Alpha - A Wikia wiki
		Axum was a Borg drone with the designation Five of Twelve, Secondary Adjunct of Trimatrix 942.
		Axum needed someone in the real world to release it into the Borg Collective.
		The plan worked and Axum became a leader of the resistance movement, trying to enlist the help of Species 8472 near fluidic space in the Beta Quadrant.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Axum (301 words)

	Axum - Ethiopia: Travels of a Youth
		Our goal, Axum, the seat of an ancient empire that ruled the southern half of the Red Sea and northeastern Africa from the third to the sixth century of the common era.
		Traveling toward Axum that morning, we realized it was little more than a sleepy village that could only guess at its glorious past when rich merchants; kings, princes, and courtesans; and glorious buildings filled her avenues.
		We drove back down the mountain and across Axum to the west side of town through streets with buildings in such a state of disrepair that at times I wondered whether a particular building was ancient or modern.
	www.worksandwords.com /etravels/axum.htm (2183 words)

	Axum
		Axum lies close to the Eritrean border and it is here that the Queen of Sheba made her capital.
		It is said that in the church of St Mary of Zion the Ark of the Covenant resides.
		The city of Axum was destroyed in a rebellion by Queen Yodit during which she curtailed the Solomic line by slaughtering all the royal princes.
	www.yebbo.com /ELT/axum.htm (205 words)

	Macomb Daily : Axum Obelisk going home to Ethiopia 04/19/05
		Heaters were installed in the plane's cargo bay to protect the stone from the cold of cruising altitude, and workers wrapped the obelisk fragment in steel bars to stabilize it in case of turbulence during the six-hour flight, Pietero said.
		Axum, now home to about 60,000 people, was the capital of a kingdom established between 200 and 100 B.C. and that at one time stretched across the Red Sea into parts of the Arabian Peninsula.
		Obelisks are among the few tangible remains of the past glory of Axum, which sits about 530 miles north of Ethiopia's capital in the shadow of the Adwa Mountains where Emperor Menelik II defeated the Italian army in 1896 -- the greatest modern victory of an African army over a European force.
	www.macombdaily.com /stories/041905/sta_obelisk001.shtml (788 words)

	Axum Stelae (Obelisks) - Axum, Ethiopia
		In addition to being a possible location of the Ark of the Covenant, the city of Axum in Ethiopia is famed for its giant granite stelae (sometimes called obelisks).
		Christianity was adopted by the royal family in Axum in the 4th century AD, and by the population at large in the 5th century, which means these stelae date from a fascinating period of religious change.
		The Axum stelae are made to look like buildings and are intricately carved with windows, rows of log-ends dividing each story, and a false door at the base.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /ethiopia/axum-stelae.htm (970 words)

	Axum - Handmade African Jewelry
		AXUM promotes and markets a wide range of jewelry, and other hand crafted products, which have been skillfully created by East African artisans.
		AXUM is predominantly an internet based company and enquiries and orders can be made online, using the pay pal payment receiving method.
		AXUM also participates in a number of Trade Fairs worldwide, so if we do not meet through this website, we may well meet at a trade fair in London, Paris, or Rome.
	www.axum3.com (351 words)

	Arrival of Axum Obelisk Postponed Once Again
		Ethiopians say they are shocked and dismayed that the return of their famed Axum obelisk from Italy has once again been postponed.
		Italy, which took the ancient monument from Ethiopia as a prize of conquest nearly 70 years ago, was supposed to begin delivering the obelisk in sections.
		At the time, Axum was the capital of a mighty kingdom, rivaling Rome, China, and Persia in wealth and prestige.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2005/04/15-04-05/axum.html (500 words)

	Ongoing Activities of Interest: Axum, Ethiopia
		Axum has a serious sanitation problem that adversely affects the health of its residents.
		A 2003 feasibility stud,y conducted by a team of experts from Denver, found that virtually all privately owned hand dug water wells and deep boreholes within the city tested unsafe due to contamination from pit latrines that are often located near the wells.
		In 1937, Mussolini's troops seized one of Axum's historic obelisks from Ethiopia.
	www.denversistercities.org /axumActivities.php (551 words)

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