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Topic: Aybak

In the News (Tue 14 Feb 12)

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	Qutb-ud-din Aybak - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Qutb-ud-din Aybak (Persian: قطب الدین ایبک) was a ruler of medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Mamluk dynasty).
		Qutb-ud-din was a Turk of the Aybak tribe and was born somewhere in Central Asia.
		Qutb-ud-din Aybak initiated the construction of Delhi's earliest Muslim monuments, the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutub Minar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qutb-ud-din_Aybak (590 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		Aybak was the first of the Mameluke sultans of Egypt.
		He assumed power by marrying the wife of the next-to-last of the Ayyubid sultans of Egypt (the dynasty established by Saladin).
		But ultimatlely --- in what was meant to be a preemptive strike against Aybak who was attempting to establish sole power --- the sultana had him murdered.1257.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Aybak_.html (130 words)

	Slave Dynasty: 1206-1290
		Because Ghur was his master and he was still regarded as a slave, Aybak legitimized his rule by arranging several marriages of influential figures.
		Aybak's reign was short lived due to a polo accident so his son-in-law, Iltutmish (1211-36), succeeded him to the throne.
		In general, the Hindus were grateful to Aybak and the succeeding kings of the Turkish Dynasty for at least one major reason: their ability to militarily defend against Mongol invaders, such as Ghengiz Khan, who terrorized neighboring kingdoms with their barbaric conquests.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/India/SlaveDelhi.html (651 words)

	Aybak - Wikipedia
		Aybak († 1257) war Sultan der Mamelucken in Ägypten von 1250-1257.
		Nach der Sicherung seiner Macht in Ägypten versuchte Aybak, seine Herrschaft auch auf Syrien auszudehnen.
		Zum Nachfolger von Aybak wurde zunächst dessen Sohn al-Malik al-Mansur Ali gewählt.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aybak (333 words)

	Islamset - The Mamluk State in Delhi
		He was known for his strict adherence to the teachings of Islam as shown by his hatred of the social system in India and his equal treatment of people as preached in Islam.
		Aybak built a great mosque in Delhi called "Quwwat Islam" with a minaret 250 feet high known as "Qutub Minar" that means "Qutub's minaret" perhaps the highest in the world.
		Aybak died in 608 A.H. (1210 A.D.) when he fell off his horse during a ball game.
	www.islamset.com /islam/civil/mamluk.html (401 words)

	ATTACK on AMERICA - U.S. Strikes Back
		Following the capture of Mazar-e-Sharif, an opposition commander, Mohammed Mohaqik, said anti-Taliban forces quickly seized three northern provincial capitals — Shibarghan in Jozjan province; Aybak in Samangan province; and Maimana in Faryab province.
		There was no comment from the Taliban on the opposition claims, and no foreign reporters were in the area.
		If the other northern towns have also fallen, the Taliban may be abandoning large swaths of territory populated by ethnic minorities and redeploying their forces to defend Kabul and other strongholds of the dominant Pashtun ethnic group.
	multimedia.belointeractive.com /attack/strike/1110claim.html (848 words)

	AEAI Projects in Asia
		Policy analyses and recommendations for an evolving policy framework are provided through reports and closely held workshops that allow the Ministry of Mines and Energy to make better informed decisions in the rapidly changing Indonesian energy sector.
		AEAI initiated, designed and managed the construction for the rehabilitation and extension of the Aybak distribution system, in Semanagan Province, Afghanistan.
		Based upon the households supplied the USAID Aybak project will provide a very positive economic impact and enhance the quality of life for approximately 40,000 Aybak residents.
	www.aeaiinc.com /asia.html (331 words)

	Egypt's Mamluk Sultans [Usually Misspelled Mamelukes] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Mamluks (usually misspelled Mamelukes) were a military caste of mostly Circassian and Georgian extraction that ruled Egypt for 267 years, from 1250 to 1517 in their own right, but from then till 1811 as surrogates of the Ottoman Turks, who conquered Egypt in 1517.
		The Egyptian Kurdish Ayyubid Dynasty, founded by the foe of the Crusaders, Salahaddin, better known as Saladin, 80 years before the rise of the Mamluks, in 1169, came to an end when its last Sultan, Turanshah, was assassinated and replaced by the first Aybak.
		Baybars, a Kipchak Turk and a Mamluk general in the service of the two Aybaks, Ali and Qutuz, captured King Louis IX of France, a Crusader later called St. Louis, in 1250, and stopped the Mongols in the battle of Ayn Jalut in Palestine in 1260.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/feb/article146.html (644 words)

	Qutab Minar 03 \| The News is NowPublic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The diameter of the base is 14.3 metres wide while the top floor measures 2.7 metres in diameter.
		It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Inspired by the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan and wishing to surpass it, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, commenced construction of the Qutub Minar in 1193; but could only complete its basement.
		The development of architectural styles from Aybak to Tughluq are quite evident in the minaret.
	www.nowpublic.com /node/43633 (249 words)

	Mamluks
		The last of these sultans, as-Salih, had over a decade bought large quantities of slaves from foreign lands in order to protect his own position.
		When he died, the Mamluks had his heir murdered, and transferred power to their own ranks through the Ayyubid sultan's last wife, Shajar ad-Durr, who married the Mamluk general Aybak.
		It took the Mamluks only a decade to formalize power, of which the reestablishment of the caliphate in Cairo was part of the legitimization process.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/mamluks.htm (876 words)

	Council Chambers - Turkish Campaign
		Prince Aybak brings with him one company of Bedouin Camel Warriors, a company of spearmen, and his own guard.
		Approaching the Turkish position, the Egyptian Captain attempts to engage the Prince's Cavalrymen - maneuvering around the Turkish Spear formation and charging uphill in a disorganized charge.
		With his Turkish Spear adjusting their facing toward the ragged Egyptian advance, Prince Aybak leads his guard in a downhill charge, taking point in their wedge formation and striking deep into the ranks of those advancing spearmen.
	www.mithyk.com /councilchambers/1102to1103.htm (1691 words)

	INTERNATIONAL PRESS CENTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		JENIN, Palestine, July 12, 2005 (IPC + Agencies) - - Israeli occupation forces stormed the city of Jenin and arrested two brothers, as eyewitnesses in Gaza Strip said that two Israeli soldiers were wounded in an explosion near a military checkpoint.
		Local sources in Jenin City explained that a large Israeli force stormed the city and raided several houses, then arrested Mohammed, 18, and Aybak Abu Ali, 17, before leading them to an undisclosed location.
		Witnesses said Israeli soldiers trashed a number of houses all over the city during the raids, and torched parts of a house owned by Al Saadi family in the city.
	www.ipc.gov.ps /ipc_new/english/details.asp?name=6058 (431 words)

	Africa Stage: Abeja Dispatch - November 20, 1999
		The prophet Mohammed was quoted as saying "Woe to the nations ruled by women." So the powerful religious leaders insisted that she take a husband, and rule through him, "from behind the mashrabiya." She did as she was commanded in order to save her power, and married Aybak, a Mamluk warrior.
		The story tells us that as the assassins were about to kill Aybak, she changed her mind.
		She was handed over to Aybak's second wife, whose servants beat her to death with clogs and threw her to the jackals!
	www.worldtrek.org /odyssey/africa/112099/112099abejasultana.html (1121 words)

	FAO : Locust invasion in Afghanistan - A race against time
		Campaign launched to combat the worst locust plague to hit Afghanistan in the last 30 years
		AYBAK, Northern Afghanistan, May 2002 -- Farmers in Northern Afghanistan are fighting a silent enemy.
		Afghanistan's bread basket, hit hard by three years of drought and many years of war, is finally blooming with crops and relative peace - but is threatened by hundreds of millions of locusts marching across fields and mountain slopes.
	www.fao.org /english/newsroom/news/2002/5000-en.html (863 words)

	Third Egyptian-Arab Period: the Reign of the Mameluke Sultans
		Immediately the Mamelukes elected Aybak, one of their Emirs, as their leader.
		He was the founder of two dynasties (the Bahri, 1250-1390 and the Burgi, 1382-1517) which would endure until the arrival of the Ottoman Turks in 1517.
		He also made an accord with the Mameluke Aybak for a truce of ten years.
	www.christusrex.org /www2/liberation/I-12.html (3224 words)

	Aybak Map \| Afghanistan Google Satellite Maps
		This place is situated in Helmand, Afghanistan, its geographical coordinates are 32° 43' 46" North, 64° 42' 4" East and its original name (with diacritics) is Aybak.
		And last but not least you will find Aybak and Afghanistan travel services offer including cheap flights, cheap hotels and other accommodation deals at the bottom of this page.
		If you would like to recommend this Aybak map page to a friend, or if you just want to send yourself a reminder, here is the easy way to do it.
	www.maplandia.com /afghanistan/helmand/aybak (552 words)

	Mamluks - History for Kids!
		During the 1100's, other Mamluks worked for the Ayyubid sultans in Egypt and Syria, but little by little the sultans had less power and the Mamluks got more and more power.
		Finally in 1250 AD the mother of the last Ayyubid sultan killed her son and married the leader of the Mamluks, Aybak, so that he became the ruler of Egypt and Syria.
		The Mamluk sultans who came after Aybak were called the Bahris.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/islam/history/mamluks.htm (611 words)

	FOXNews.com - Taliban Admit Losing Key City - U.S. & World
		Anti-Taliban forces also quickly claimed three northern provincial capitals — Shibarghan in Jozjan province; Aybak in Samangan province; and Maimana in Faryab province — after the capture of Mazar-e-Sharif, according to Mohammed Mohaqik, an opposition commander.
		Taliban officials had no comment on the opposition claims, and no foreign reporters were in the area.
		But adding Aybak to the opposition's control would close off the primary escape route for Taliban soldiers withdrawing from Mazar-e-Sharif to Kabul.
	www.foxnews.com /story/0,2933,38488,00.html?id=6846 (1349 words)

	Egypt State Information Service - Rulers of Egypt
		However, he gained the hatred of his step-mother and the Mamlukes of his father so they conspired to kill him.
		After his murder, Shagarat El-Dur became Sultana of Egypt but she abdicated for her husband Ezz Edin Aybak under the pressure of the Abbaside Caliph and the people of Egypt.
		The Mamlukes were a class of slaves bought to join Arab armies.
	www.sis.gov.eg /En/History/ruler/080900000000000007.htm (386 words)

	BBC News \| Europewide Debate \| Has the earthquake made EU membership for Turkey more likely?
		Dr Tunc Aybak, University of Middlesex, writer on EU-Turkish relations.
		Could it at the same time, increase its influence on the Turkish government so that problems of human rights and weak democracy will be dealt with?
		Joining Dan Damon for this week's Europewide debate are Dr Tunc Aybak, University of Middlesex, a writer on EU-Turkish relations and Memet Ugur, EU-funded senior lecturer at the University of Greenwich and author of a book on Turkey and the EU.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/talking_point/europewide_debate/431602.stm (3226 words)

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