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Topic: Azande

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	[No title]
		The area occupied by the Azande roughly straddles the present-day boundaries of the Sudan, the Central African Republic, and Zaire.
		Class structure was clearly demarcated in Azande society between the ruling chiefs or nobles (the Avungara) and the commoners.
		The Avungara sib, composed as it was of the Azande nobility, was exempt from these exogamous restrictions and in fact was agamous, even permitting men to marry their own daughters and sisters (probably half-sisters).
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7829 (1440 words)

	:: Gurtong Peace Project - South Sudanese Communities ::
		The Azande are also found in DR Congo and Central African Republic; areas, which originally constituted part of the great Azande Kingdom destroyed by the Belgian, French, Mahdist and finally the British in the context of the European scramble for Africa.
		The Azande society is divided into the royal clans — the Avungara, centred on their great leader Gbudwe, his two sons Yambio and Tambura; and the commoners, most of who could have been incorporated into the Azande through wars, conquest and assimilation.
		The Azande socio-political system is an intricate admixture of feudalism, traditional, political and administrative authority and witchcraft, charm, etc. After the destruction of their kingdom, the Azande now have chiefs, mostly from the royal clan who combine judicial and spiritual prowess.
	www.gurtong.org /resourcecenter/people/profile_tribe.asp?TribeID=29 (1551 words)

	Azande - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Azande (plural, "Zande" in singular) are a tribe of north central Africa.
		The Congolese Azande live in Orientale Province, specifically along the Uele River; and the Central African Azande live in the districts of Rafaï, Zémio, and Obo.
		This name for the Azande was in use by other tribes in Sudan, and later adopted by westerners.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Azande (482 words)

	Azande of Sudan and the Congo
		If a wife dies without issue it is the duty of the family to provide another wife, if possible her sister and the husband will continue to pat bride wealth as for his first wife.
		Azande do not really consider marriage to be stable until a child is born.
		Azande parents were very affectionate towards their children and had considerable authority over them until they are married adults with families of their own.
	www.stormloader.com /munaypata/Azande.html (1106 words)

	Art and Oracle: A Scholarly Resource of African and Rituals of Divination \| Explore & Learn \| The Metropolitan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As Evans-Pritchard observed, the Azande fully understand that termites and the granary's own weight caused the structure to collapse, and that on a hot day people might well be sitting beneath it and be hurt or killed.
		Another form of divination employed by the Azande is the termite oracle (dakpa), in which termites are offered branches from two species of tree—dakpa and kpoyo—and responses to questions are determined by which type of tree branches the termites choose to eat.
		The Azande, though not a people noted for their visual arts, have a reputation as excellent smiths, potters, and carvers of domestic objects, and in the past were noted for their beautiful carved harp-lutes.
	www.metmuseum.org /explore/oracle/essay1.html (1536 words)

	Azande (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Azande (plural, "Zande" in singular) are a people of north central Africa.
		The Congolese Azande live in the province of Upper Zaïre; the Sudanese Azande live along the shores of the Uele River, and the Central African Azande live in the districts of Rafaï, Zémio, and Obo.
		Oracles are a way of determining from where the suspected witchcraft is coming and they were for a long time the ultimate legal authority, the one setting the action as how to respond to the threats.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Azande.htm (390 words)

	Sudan - Non-Muslim Peoples
		The largest of these groups were the Azande, who comprised 7 to 8 percent of the population of southern Sudan and were the dominant group in western Al Istiwai.
		Their earlier military and political successes notwithstanding, the Azande in the twentieth century were poor, largely dependent on cultivation (hunting was no longer a feasible source of food), and afflicted by sleeping sickness.
		Azande support of the Anya Nya guerrilla groups, as well as conflicts with the Dinka, also served to worsen the Azande's situation.
	countrystudies.us /sudan/39.htm (1561 words)

	Untitled Document
		Azande society is rigidly hierarchical with princes and commoners.
		When the Azande suspect they are subject to witchcraft they can bring their accusations to a prince for divination.
		The Azande believe that princes are better able to protect their oracles (the poison) from contamination.
	www.unis.org /class/anthro/Witchcraft.htm (613 words)

	GUS
		“Azande say that in the early stages of male puberty the seminal fluid (nzira) does not contain souls of children (mbisimo gude) and it is only when a boy blossoms into manhood that his semen becomes fertile.
		That the souls of children are connected by a simple inference with the presence of spermatozoa in the seminal fluid is shown by the statement that the fluid becomes fertile when it ceases to have the appearance of water and becomes thick and slimy like the yolk of an egg […].
		[…] Azande do not regard it as at all improper, indeed as very sensible, for a man to sleep with boys when women are not available or are taboo, and, as we shall see later, in the past this was a regular practice at court.
	www2.hu-berlin.de /sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/ZANDE.HTM (1267 words)

	Allyson Selby
		Knowledge of the Azande witchcraft is not recorded in scriptural texts and does not come from God.
		Noticing that the Azande do not have sacred scriptures to consult, acquiring knowledge must be done in a more hands-on manner.
		The Azande’s idea of an oval flish swelling filled with seeds discovered by autopsy near the liver is comparable to the idea of witchcraft among the Gã of Ghana.
	home.wlu.edu /~lubint/Touchstone/Azande-Selby.htm (3306 words)

	Azande Witchcraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Witchcraft among the Azande is suitable for showing in undergraduate and graduate classes...
		Among the Azande, witchcraft is considered to be a.....the...
		E-P doesn´t write as though the Azande witchcraft beliefs are inferior to our.....Oracles and Magic Among the Azande..Buy Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the.....an...
	www.americanwicca.com /azande-witchcraft.html (235 words)

	[No title]
		Evans Pritchard notes that Azande are perfectly aware of the natural causes of misfortunes that are attributed to the witchcraft.
		For instance, if a hut collapses and people who had been under it were killed, an Azande knows that a hut collapsed because termites had been gnawing away at the straws, and that he also knows that people had been under the hut as it was a hot day.
		In fact, Evans Pritchard implies that in a sense Azande "knows" better than modern men in industrial society do, for to them witchcraft explains the kind of questions regarding the peculiarity of the misfortunes that modern world science cannot explain or is not concerned with in the first place.
	home.uchicago.edu /~btm1/prelim_05-06/Culture/Evans.doc (764 words)

	[No title]
		The carved figure represents the famous hairdress of the Azande called 'Bagbedi.' The figures represent: An Azande standing before the elephant holding in his left hand the medicine that in native belief made [con't in Note below]" "17811","Mangbetu carved box.
		The carved figure represents the famous hairdress of the Azande called 'Bagbedi.' The figures represent: An Azande standing before the elephant holding in his left hand the medicine that in native belief made [con't in Note below]" "17812","Mangbetu carved box.
		The second figure is a woman, the third her husband, the first is the friend of the husband.
	anthro.amnh.org /anthropology/databases/Scripts/Negno_Desc.txt (2016 words)

	BCOA African Stock Project - Notes from the Heart of Africa
		Research on the ethnography of the area shows that the Azande people who owned Basenjis in the Sudan were also the predominant tribe in northeastern Zaire.
		It is interesting that the edge of the Azande area and the beginning of the open savannah coincide.
		The Azande prefer to set up a series of nets of about 300 meters total length in a horseshoe shape in the forest areas.
	www.basenji.org /african/curb8808.htm (2301 words)

	81_Azande
		Among the Azande, witchcraft is considered to be a major danger.
		In this aim the film succeeds by creating a tension whereby the oracle's answers are important to the viewers because they have become involved and are forming their own opinions about the guilt or innocence of the defendants.
		Death among the Azande of the Sudan (Beliefs, Rites, Cults).
	www.therai.org.uk /film/catalogue_2/81_azande.html (526 words)

	Congolese Weaponry at Curious Antiquities
		Azande Warriors of the North Eastern Congo carried many fine weapons known today for their fine metal work and their fine decorative patterns.
		Expansion through warfare is the heritage of the Azande, a Sudanic people who migrated to the Congo in the 18th century driving out the Mangbetu and pygmies and systematically destroyed or assimilated their neighbors.
		The configuration of the weapons of the Azande has long been the subject of speculation and perhaps is best summed up by Spring who suggests that attempting to attribute form to function is a Western concept which should not necessarily be applied.
	www.curiousantiquities.com /CACongoleseW.html (561 words)

	Throughout the ages man has looked out at his world and wondered why things happen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Azande say there is an elbow shaped substance in the xiphoid cartilage of a witch, and that an ordinary person does not have this.
		The detail and time spent by the Azande on the subject of witchcraft proves that witchcraft is a very important yet unstated part of their ideological system.
		They don't go as far as the Azande in believing that every little cut, stubbed toe, or misfortune is caused by a witch, but they do have a very real fear of being bewitched.
	members.aol.com /sgilboord/Papers/Bu/cb2b.html (2238 words)

	Stephen Siemens' Biographical Page
		Azande seek magical revenge for deaths caused by magic.
		Mourners and babies undergo 'rites of passage' to reach a normal condition in Azande society.
		Siemens teaches about the Azande (and others) in "Introduction to Cultural Anthropology" (102) and "Traditional Cultures of the World" (104).
	anthro.fullerton.edu /siemens (294 words)

	Diagnostic Practices
		The methods reported in great detail were those of the Azande; they included the poison oracle or benge, the rubbing-board oracle or euwa, the termite oracle, or dakpa, and the three sticks’ oracle, or mapingo.
		Though the Azande know that benge is poisonous to humans (and fowl), its use outside the oracular context is almost unknown.
		The termite oracle is well-known and widely-used among the Azande.
	members.tripod.com /aalsafi/tm/diagnosis/diagnosis.htm (6160 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It is, moreover, held that an Avungara can be distinguished from an Azande commoner, not by any measurable physical characteristics, but by a distinction in his bearing.
		[See note 32] The Azande themselves will often speak of their chiefs as if they were of different stock, but this is impossible since -- although the Avungara may marry within their own clan -- they are not obliged to take all their wives from within such narrow limits.
		The Azande were formidable and well-organized warriors whose prowess enabled them to resist the disintegrating pressure of the Arab slavers, and to present an organized resistance to the Europeans which won their respect.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Mar_dir/XMarriage.3466 (427 words)

	Witchcraft
		In 1918, Brock reported on witchcraft and witchdoctors among the Azande.
		He said that no matter what a person dies of, he or she is supposed to have been bewitched.
		“Azande believe that some people are witches and can injure them in virtue of an inherent quality.
	members.tripod.com /aalsafi/tm/beliefs/witchcraft.htm (1561 words)

	The Arts of Bahr-el-Ghazal on Tribalarts.com
		Towards the end of that century, the sultan of the Azande in Tembura drove many Belanda from their lands and they resettled much further to the north.
		Wyndham, in a letter to Maes, himself noted that these wooden sculptures were made by an Azande on the request of the missionaries who wanted to decorate their garden.
		This style is close to the traditions specific to the Azande sculptures from Yambio, such as Azande bells and heads adorning harps.
	www.tribalarts.com /feature/bongo (5970 words)

	Tracks » Blog Archive » The Azande - Magic and Science (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Azande may have a world-picture which is different from our own, but in their reasoning and in their actions, they are just as logical and just as reasonable as we are.
		It is flawed because, says Winch, in the end, the anthropologist subscribes to the view that Azande witchcraft beliefs, and their faith in the poison oracle are mistaken.
		From this point of view, the Azande have a richer culture than I do: they have a ‘primitive’ technical sphere which, although rudimentary compared to mine, is adequate to their needs.
	timothyjpmason.com.cob-web.org:8888 /wordpress/?p=25 (624 words)

	Chapter 2.2: The Scientific Method: Road to Truth or Superstitious Practice?
		The Azande shaman, or skilled practitioner of the dance, would be able to explain every success and failure and show that it did, indeed, achieve the desired effect, when done properly.
		In contrast, if we adopted an Azande framework to study the Azande system of beliefs, we might come up with some interesting new interpretations that improved ritual practices, but we would be unlikely to decide that whole Azande system was worthless as a general method for improving human relationships with nature.
		It implies that the beliefs of the Azande are just as true as the claims of science--'truth' is a relative notion, and truths vary from culture to culture.
	repo-nt.tcc.virginia.edu /book/chap2/chapter2sec2.html (2930 words)

	Azande - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Azande (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Azande state is an amalgam of many small groups of peoples who were subjugated by an invading aristocracy, the Avongara.
		Many were taken by Arab slave traders in the 19th century.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Azande (113 words)

	Azande
		SYNONYMS: Much of the literature uses “Azande” Some early writers refer to the “Niam-Niam,” but this term is now regarded as inaccurate.
		In other respects the Azande were—except near the towns—shielded by colonial officials from Arab and other outside influences.
		Upon death, the soul (mbisimo) becomes a ghost, which in some sense may be present in the homestead ghost shrine, but also dwells with other ghosts and with the Supreme Being, Mbori, in earth caves in the forest.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /anthro/faculty/fiske/135b/azande.htm (3055 words)

	[No title]
		The Azande know these two facts: that the supports for the roof were undermined and that people were sitting under the roof in order to escape the glare of the sun.
		However, the Azande need an explanation that also connects these two events, and that explanation is witchcraft.
		Evans-Pritchard’s analysis shows that the Azande’s witchcraft explanation is rational according to their way of reasoning.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/anthropology/Evans-Pritchard.html (494 words)

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