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Topic: Azerbaijan Popular Front

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	Popular Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Popular Fronts comprise broad coalitions of political and other groups, often made up of oppositioners or left wingers, and often united against particularly stringent circumstances.
		Trotsky also argued that in popular fronts, working class demands are reduced to their bare minimum, and the ability of the working class to put forward its own independent set of politics is compromised.
		It should be noted that not all coalitions who use the term "popular front" necessarily are popular fronts, and not all popular fronts necessarily use the term "popular front" in their name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Popular_Front (439 words)

	Azerbaijan (10/04)
		Azerbaijan received de facto recognition by the Allies as an independent nation in January 1920, an independence terminated by the arrival of the Red Army in April.
		Azerbaijan's embassy in the United States is at 2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008; tel (202) 337-3500; fax (202) 337-5911; Consular tel (202) 337-5912; Consular fax (202) 337-5913; www.azembassy.com.
		Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership, the World Health Organization, CFE Treaty member state, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Council of Europe, the Community of Democracies, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2909.htm (3081 words)

	Two Views on Azerbaijani Anger
		Popular anger encompasses political, ecological and cultural matters, as reflected in printed sources, at public rallies, and in interviews with leaders.
		APF leaders have been arrested as "extremists" and held incommunicado, despite their commitment to "humanism, democracy, pluralism, internationalism, and human rights." No Helsinki Watch groups or foreign correspondents inquire about those arrested.
		It was the local branches of the Popular Front that sponsored the demonstrations along the frontier line, against the isolation from their compatriots across the border imposed on them by the Soviet rule.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/0490/9004025.htm (983 words)

	Svante E. Cornell - Democratization Falters in Azerbaijan - Journal of Democracy 12:2
		Unlike Armenia and Georgia, where popular fronts opposed to Soviet rule had come to power through elections in 1990, Azerbaijan gained its independence under the sway of a pro-Moscow communist leadership that remained in power until it was forcibly unseated in the spring of 1992.
		Azerbaijan's strategic location, its oil resources, and its role in the geopolitical realignment underway in Eurasia mean that overt or covert involvement by a number of different powers cannot be ruled out.
		Azerbaijan developed an increasingly pluralistic political environment, and it is no exaggeration to argue that, of the three Caucasian states, Azerbaijan had gone furthest toward developing a multiparty system with relatively stable political parties.
	www.cacianalyst.org /Publications/Cornell_JoD.htm (6178 words)

	A short history of Azerbaijan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Finally Russia splits Azerbaijan's territory with Persia in 1828 by the Treaty of Turkmenchay, establishing the present frontiers and extinguishing the last native dynasties of local Azerbaijani khans.
		Azerbaijan received de facto recognition by the Allies as an independent nation in 1920, an independence terminated by the arrival of the Red Army later that year.
		Azerbaijan becomes a separate republic of the USSR in 1936.
	www.electionworld.org /history/azerbaijan.htm (391 words)

	::: DYNASTY AND DEMOCRACY IN AZERBAIJAN: A WARNING FOR CENTRAL ASIA? :::
		The 2003 Azerbaijan dynastic succession thus casts doubt not only on the course of democratic consolidation in Azerbaijan but also on the future of democratic regime change in Central Asian states – where there are comparable government systems but even weaker civic societies.
		The polarisation between civic society and the state remained deep; popular trust in democratic procedure weak; and the state disposition to use violence against its opponents clear.
		For centuries, Azerbaijan was linked to Central Asia by the Silk Road; today new transportation routes (Traceca, the Transport Route Across Caucasia, Europe, Central Asia) and strategic gas and oil pipelines (Baku-Ceyhan, Blue Stream), are being built to bridge the Caspian Sea.
	www.muslimuzbekistan.com /eng/ennews/2003/12/ennews07122003.html (4170 words)

	Azerbaijan Popular Front Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (Azərbaycan Xalq Cəbhəsi Partiyası) is the main opposition political party in Azerbaijan, founded in 1992 by Abulfez Elchibey.
		At the last elections (5 November 2000 and 7 January 2001), the party won 11.0 % of the popular vote and 6 out of 125 seats in the Azerbaijan National Assembly.
		Its candidate Qudrat Hasanquliyev won only 0.4 % of the popular vote in the 15 october 2003 presidential elections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Azerbaijan_Popular_Front (139 words)

	Azerbaijan Under International Pressure To Conduct Fair Poll
		Azerbaijan goes to the polls on 6 November in the first parliamentary elections in the country since November 2000 and the first major national poll since the election of Ilham Aliyev as president in October 2003.
		Nevertheless, Azerbaijan is under considerable international pressure to ensure that these elections are a substantial improvement on the last parliamentary vote in 2000, which was described at the time as seriously flawed.
		Azerbaijan is a predominantly Muslim country and the strength of religion has undoubtedly grown in the 14 years since independence.
	www.payvand.com /news/05/nov/1022.html (1668 words)

	[No title]
		The creation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in North Azerbaijan by some of the Azeris on parts of Azerbaijani lands in 1918-1921, and its restoration as the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1991, does not mean that the Azerbaijan national liberation movement is over.
		Azerbaijan is at one of the last places among the former soviet republics in terms of the specific weight of budget income as part of the gross internal product of the country.
		The analyses of Azerbaijan’s social-economic situation, foreign policy and of the Nagorno Karabakh problems indicate that in all of these fields there is a deep crisis and that this crisis is not the result of the economic and geopolitical factors, but of the policy of the regime.
	www.geocities.com /vienna/7124/elchibey.html (4458 words)

	Succession and the October Presidential Elections in Azerbaijan - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
		She reflected on the influence the upcoming elections in Azerbaijan may have on development in Central Asia and elsewhere in the Caucasus.
		In this case, Azerbaijan would become the first country in the Caucasus to double its budget by 2005, and Mollazade said that under this scenario by 2008-10 Azerbaijan would export about 1 million barrels of oil per day.
		She said that "the U.S. should be aggressive in putting pressure on Ilham Aliyev" to proceed with economic reform, to create political institutions that would guarantee a democratic transfer of power after his term in office, and to respect civil rights of the political opposition with progressive leaders.
	www.carnegieendowment.org /events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail&id=644 (1501 words)

	Azerbaijan
		Azerbaijan is a republic with a presidential form of government.
		In 1998 the Government arrested an aide to the chairman of the Popular Front Party, accusing him of illegal possession of a pistol and hand grenade, which independent observers believe were planted.
		Azerbaijan is a republic with a strong presidency, and a legislature that the Constitution describes as independent.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/318.htm (11303 words)

	[ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ]
		Azerbaijan's opposition parties are well aware that the burgeoning popularity of Islam could both destabilize the domestic political situation, and undercut the degree of support they currently enjoy.
		Some parties, including the Azerbaijan Popular Front Party, have amended their programs to give greater emphasis to the role of Islam in Azerbaijani society, according to the party's deputy chairman for religious affairs, Nariman Gasymoglu.
		But Nazim Imanov of the Azerbaijan National Independence Party proposed last November to the newspaper "Zerkalo" that all persons aspiring to the position of mullah should undergo a public attestation with the aim of barring those who are either corrupt, or who have only a rudimentary knowledge of the Koran.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2002/03/5-NOT/not-150302.asp?po=y (851 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Azerbaijan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Azerbaijan - a nation with a Turkic and majority-Muslim population - regained its independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
		Azerbaijan has lost 16% of its territory and must support some 571,000 internally displaced persons as a result of the conflict.
		Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/aj.html (1267 words)

	Freedom in the World 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In June 1992, Abulfaz Elchibey, leader of the nationalist opposition Azerbaijan Popular Front, was elected president in a generally free and fair vote.
		Azerbaijan's first post-Soviet parliamentary elections, held in November 1995, saw five leading opposition parties and some 600 independent candidates barred from the vote in which Aliev's Yeni Azerbaijan Party won the most seats.
		The Azerbaijan Popular Front and the Communist Party came in a distant second and third, respectively.
	freedomhouse.org /research/freeworld/2003/countryratings/azerbaijan.htm (1665 words)

	U.S. Embassy in Azerbaijan - Public Affairs Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The defendant’s lawyer alleges that the verdict was influenced by the fact that the claimant is the brother of the president (para 4).
		The opposition reacts: the Azerbaijan popular front party made a statement in which it described the sentence as additional proof of the fact that the Azerbaijan judiciary supports the interests of the ruling regime.
		The APF condemned the sentence as biased and asserted that it contradicted the cultural traditions of Azerbaijan (a woman has offered her apologies) and demanded that the sentence be repealed.
	www.usembassybaku.org /usis/reports/report38.htm (646 words)

	Freedom in the World 2000 - 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Azerbaijan’s civil liberties rating changed from 4 to 5 due to increased harassment of the media and opposition political groups leading up to the November parliamentary elections.
		Azerbaijan’s November parliamentary elections, in which President Heydar Aliev’s Yeni Azerbaijan ruling party won an overwhelming victory, were marred by widespread electoral fraud.
		The Azerbaijan Popular Front received 11 percent of the vote, followed by the Communist Party with 7 percent and the Civil Solidarity Party with 6 percent.
	www.freedomhouse.org /research/freeworld/2001/countryratings/azerbaijan.htm (980 words)

	The Eisenhower Institute, Washington, D.C. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Azerbaijan has a formally democratic system, with a constitution proclaiming respect for civil and political freedoms, however, Aliyev’s state is run as a semi-authoritarian enterprise, where the corrupt elite surrounding the President curbs opposition, seeks to mute free press, and shows little respect for the citizens’ individual rights and freedom.
		In June 1992, Abulfaz Elchibey, the leader of the Popular Front, was elected President.
		Aliyev was elected President in October 1993, in an election boycotted by Elchibey’s Popular Front, and then reelected in 1998 with a 70 percent vote in an election campaign in which, according to OSCE report, “very serious irregularities and violations were observed”.
	www.eisenhowerinstitute.org /programs/globalpartnerships/islamicworld/project-papers/prygoda-Azer2.htm (1051 words)

	AZERBAIJANI ELECTIONS: Ali Kerimli - the Caucasian Revolutionary with Western Values (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ali Kerimli (Ali Kerimov) was born on April, 28, 1965 in the Saatli region in the Eastern part of Azerbaijan.
		In April, 1993, the head of PFA and President of Azerbaijan, Abulfaz Elchibey appointed Kerimli to the post of Secretary of State for the Republic of Azerbaijan.
		Despite falsification of the results of voting, he, as against the leader of the "conservative" wing of the divided Azerbaijan Popular Front Party Mirmahmud Fattaev, did not turned away the parliamentary mandate.
	www.axisglobe.com /article.asp?article=402 (1005 words)

	In Search of Khazar
		Popular Front of Azerbaijan played an important role in developing and heading national liberation movement in Azerbaijan when the Soviet Union was about to collapse.
		It is expedient to establish a many-profiled English Language Azerbaijan university under the Institute of National Economy Management by the Council of Ministers of Azerbaijan SSR and the Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan SSR.
		In 1924 Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic issued a decree to transfer from Arabic alphabet to Latin and the new alphabet was effective until 1939 (it should be noted that the Latin alphabet in Turkey today was adopted in 1928 and was very close to Latin-based Azerbaijani alphabet).
	www.khazar.org /jas/text/education5.html (4585 words)

	Helsinki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Having suffered serious losses in the Nagorno Karabakh war, Azerbaijan's Popular Front (PFA) government, led by President Abulfaz Elchibey, was overthrown in June 1993 by a coalition of forces led by renegade Col. Surat Huseinov and Heidar Aliev.
		In mid-September, ten other Popular Front activists were arrested for printing and distributing leaflets, "agitation," "organizing provocations" and other activities that were either vaguely defined or qualified as civil and political rights.
		Ali Omarov, the general procurator of Azerbaijan, reportedly stated before the Milli Mejlis (parliament) that the men possessed texts that harshly criticized the Aliev government, and that this constituted a "state crime." All four were later released.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1994/WR94/Helsinki-02.htm (1748 words)

	Asia Times: Pressing the press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The previous claimant to that role, Azerbaijan Popular Front Chairman Abulfaz Elchibey, is widely regarded as a spent political force, and some commentators have predicted that perceived tensions between him and that party's charismatic young first deputy chairman, Ali Kerimov, could ultimately split the party.
		The fact that it was Musavat, not the Popular Front, that was subject to attack may serve as grist to the mill of those observers who believe that Kerimov has been secretly coopted by the current Azerbaijani leadership.
		Musavat and the Popular Front have each drafted a new election law, while the Akhrar Party and the presidential apparatus have prepared amendments to the existing law.
	www.atimes.com /c-asia/BB15Ag03.html (791 words)

	President Heydar Aliev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During the past week several of Azerbaijan's leading human rights defenders and their families have been subjected to numerous incidents of physical harassment and intimidation, which followed two months of attacks against them in the mass media.
		Among the other groups that have picketed the HRCA office, the "Popular Front" led by Gudrat Gasanguliev is widely perceived to be a pro-government grouping.
		At that time, the Ministry of Justice registered it as the Azerbaijan Popular Front Party, thereby displacing the "reformist" wing of the Popular Front, which is an opposition party, and revoking the latter's registration.
	www.bankwatch.org /issues/oilclima/baku-ceyhan/downloads/letter_aliev_hrw_04-03.html (1486 words)

	Oral History Project Azerbaijan 1988-1991 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		One of the founders of the Azerbaijan Popular Front (1988-1991), Azerbaijan Parliament speaker (1992-1993), head of the Azerbaijan Musavat Party (present).
		Secretary of the Azerbaijan Popular Front (1988-1991), deputy of the head of the Azerbaijan Parliament (1991-1993), deputy of the Karabak Liberation Assembly (present).
		One of the founders of the Azerbaijan Popular Front (1988-1991), head of the Institute for Peace and Democracy (present).
	www.iisg.nl /collections/azerbey.html (373 words)

	::.Angus Reid Consultants.::
		The younger Aliyev had served as the vice-president of Azerbaijan’s state-run oil company, and was elected as vice-president of the Council of Europe’s Parliamentary Assembly.
		The ballot to renew Azerbaijan’s legislative branch was scheduled for Nov. 6.
		Popular Front member Murad Gassanly called the situation "a clear indication that they are worried that (AKC leader) Ali Kerimli might get through and that they are trying to disrupt the last days of our campaign."
	www.angus-reid.com /tracker/index.cfm/fuseaction/viewItem/itemID/8187 (1772 words)

	Institute for War and Peace Reporting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The decision, on January 22, to recognise the reformist wing of the Popular Front is a rare political reverse for the Azerbaijani leader - at the beginning of a year when he has declared he will stand for re-election as president.
		Azerbaijan's Popular Front was the standard-bearer of the republic's campaign for independence from the Soviet Union.
		As a result, he has missed the chance to have his party officially labelled as the Popular Front, and also lost his seat on the Central Electoral Commission.
	www.iwpr.net /index.pl?archive/cau/cau_200301_163_5_eng.txt (923 words)

	Azerbaijan Elections 2005
		Jalaloglu described the rally, held in Baku’s Galaba Square, outside the city center, as “the beginning of a long and difficult battle against the government” to overturn the election results.
		The Azadlig (Freedom) bloc, made up of the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, Popular Front Party of Azerbaijan and the Musavat Party, has announced plans to hold another demonstration on Saturday, November 12.
		Instead, a rally and concert by the ruling Yeni Azerbaijan Party (YAP-New Azerbaijan Party) will be held in Galaba Square to celebrate its victory at the polls, according to party officials.
	www.eurasianet.org /azerbaijan_test/news/stages_20051109.html (812 words)

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