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Topic: Azes II

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	2. South Asia, 72 B.C.E.-500 C.E. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Azes II, son of Spalirises, succeeded the Sakas in the Punjab.
		Kanishka's successors with their inscriptions (dated in terms of his reign) are: his son Vasishka (24, 28, 29); the latter's son Kanishka II (41); his younger brother Huvishka (29 or 33–60); Vasushka, son of Kanishka II (68, 74); and Vasudeva (76–98).
		Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (on throne in 379) ended the satrapy of Ujjain by conquest of Malwa, Gujerat, and Surashtra (between 388 and 401).
	www.bartleby.com /67/130.html (1083 words)

	Azes II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Azes II's coins use Greek and Kharoshti, depict a Greek goddess as his protector, and thereby essential follow the numismatic model of the Greek kings if the Indo-Greek kingdom, suggesting a high willingness to accommodate Greek culture.
		Coin of Azes II, with a clear depiction of his military outfit, with coat of mail and reflex bow in the saddle.
		Coin of Azes II, with king seated, holding a drawn sword and a whip.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Azes_II (660 words)

	Available Jewelry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Azes II King of Bactria, 35 B.C.--5 A.D. es II was King of Bactria, present day Afghanistan, from 35 B.C. to 5 A.D. While he was ruling, he was so revered that he was referred to as the great King.
		Azes II was a political descendant of Alexander the Great who brought Hellenism, better known as Greek culture, to the East.
		Since Azes II was king from 35 B.C. to 5 A.D. most of his coinage was issued before the birth of Christ and all were in circulation during the lifetime of Christ.
	www.thevacollections.com /jewelry.html (1432 words)

	Europa Barbarorum
		Azes I's coin types continue the same emblems as that of his predecessor, those of Zeus, Athene, Demeter, Tyche, Hermes, and Herakles, suggesting the same type of reception and open-mindedness toward the culture of the peoples they had just conquered, in this case, the Indo-Greeks.
		Almost certainly, Azes II lost his western domains, those in Kandahar (Arachosia) and Baluchistan (Gedrosia and Drangiana-Sakastana), to the semi-independent local Parthian king Orthagnes, who was ruling in those regions with Gondophares, then his viceregal associate and later the legendary founder of the Indo-Parthian empire.
		Interestingly, the fact that Azes II's coins contain an increased admixture of lead in the silver alloy may indicate that the empire had extensive trade relations with the Andhras in southern India, where the metallic value of money was much lower.
	www.europabarbarorum.com /factions_saka_history.html (10369 words)

	AzesII
		It's description is as follows: Azes II, 20-1 B.C.; Tetradrachm, 8.9g; Mitchiner 6 type 848; Northeastern Provinces.
		Azes was a descendant of Alexander the Great.
		The reverse of his coins bore an image of him mounted on a horse, probably resulting from his being an explorer, traveler, and warrior (some of his coinage depicts him in armor).
	www.geocities.com /kc5lei/AzesII.html (514 words)

	The Indo-Parthian Beginnings of Gandhara Sculpture - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		The founder of the Indo-Scythian dynasty, Azes I, established the so-called Vikrama Era of 57 BCE The coin-series makes clear that Azes I was succeeded by Azilises, and the latter in turn by Azes II at a date for which there is no direct evidence.
		At Taxila, the Azes II issue was associated with specimens of the Kujula Kadphises "Roman bust" type, probably struck after CE 10 and related to events after the demise of the younger Azes.
		At this time, coins of Azes II were still, or had recently been, in circulation, and so help along with the evidence of the earlier sculptures from Palmyra to fix more precisely the appearance of proto-Gandharan sculptures close to the moment of the inauguration of Indo-Parthian rule.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Art/indo_parthian_gandhara.htm (5381 words)

	Buddhism / list of buddhist topics / bimaran casket
		The archeological find of the Azes II coins inside the casket would suggest a date between 30 BCE to 10 BCE or slightly later (the coins are also attributed by certain numismats to a member of the family of Kharahostes (10 BCE–10 CE), a successor to Azes II).
		Azes II would have employed some Indo-Greek artists in the territories recently conquered, and made the dedication to a stupa.
		It has also been suggested that the coins of Azes II were posthumous issues, which is highly unlikely as different ethnicity (Indo-Parthians and Kushans) ruled after the reign of Azes II.
	www.buddhism-guide.com /buddhism/bimaran_casket.htm (871 words)

	Roman Coins
		Mithradates II was able to incorporate Persis as a sub-kingdom of the Parthian empire during the early 1st century BC, though Persis continued to mint its own distinctive series of coins which gradually took on some of the appearance of Parthian coins.
		His brother Constantius II ruled the eastern Empire and eventually came to Italy to fight Constans and put the empire under one ruler.
		Constantius II, the eldest and the Emperor of the East, worshipped pagan religions and with his brother Constans, the Emperor of the West actually persecuted all Christians and consequently closed many churches.
	www.caraitalia.com /favorite.htm (3188 words)

	Iranica.com - INDO-SCYTHIAN DYNASTY
		By this date Azes was sole heir to the Vonones family and occupied most of the western Gandharan provinces, though some outlying areas continued to strike "Posthumous-Hermaios" coins.
		It is dated in year 27 of the reign of King Vijayamitra, King of the Apraca, 73rd year of Azes, and 201st year of the Yona (or Greek) era, which places the latter era as beginning in 186/5 BCE (probably founded by Demetrios I) and the reign of Vijayamitra from ca.
		These "posthumous Azes" issues are considered to have been struck by Vijayamitra, and their inception began during the period when Gondophares I entered Gandhara and introduced this heavier standard.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/ot_grp8/ot_indoscyth_20050802.html (3034 words)

	The Magi, also known as the Three Wise Men or The Three Kings Coins
		These coins were minted during the dynasty of Azes II, Satrap of the Kingdom of Sakastan from 35 B.C. to 5 A.D., was a rare witness to the birth of Christianity.
		Historians believe Azes II sent his representative to the Holy Land seeking proof of the birth of the Christ Child.
		Although early references tend to attribute this series of coins to two rulers, Azes I and Azes II, it is now generally accepted that there was only one Azes, who was succeded in Gandhara by the Indo-Parthian Gondophares circa 19 BC.
	www.realtreasures.com /wise_men.htm (337 words)

	Coins, Art, and Chronology: Cribb page 3
		The dates in the Azes Era which provide evidence of coin issuers help to create a sequence of 136 years which can be linked with the sequence of 141 (or 170) years of the Kanishka Era.
		Azes II's reign seems to end soon after the accession of Gondophares in c.
		The Unknown Era's association with the kings Vima I Tak[to] and Vima II Kadphises suggests that it should be recognized as the era of two early Kushan inscriptions found at Mathura.
	www.grifterrec.com /y/cribb/ekk_cribb_03.html (4469 words)

	CHRISTIANCOINS.HTML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Azes was a political descendant of Alexander the Great who brought Hellenism, better known as Greek culture, to the east.
		As Azes was king from 35 BC to 5 AD most of his coinage was issued before the birth of Christ, some had to have been struck on the day of Christ's birth and all were in circulation when Christ lived.
		Justin II was the favorite nephew of Justinian I and count of the palace guards.
	www.ancientbiblecoins.com /christiancoins.html (4210 words)

	Kusana Coins and History: A Collection of Essays by P L Gupta
		The coin still requires some explanation, but readers tempted to posit that Kanishka II might be the son of Huvishka, and brother of Vasudeva, should bear in mind that the coin is remarkably un-Kushan in its general appearance, and that the characters read as 'putra' are quite indecipherable on the plate provided by Gupta.
		His model for this process was the division of the coinages of Azes into two groups, the issue of Azes I, and Azes II.
		However, this is hardly an uncontested example, and it should be noted that scholars did not split Azes because of a change in coin types, they looked for a change in coin type because they believed his issue of coins was split at Taxila by another king, Azileses.
	www.kushan.org /reviews/kch.htm (1953 words)

	Indosaka1
		Azes ascended the throne in 58 B.C.E. and ruled for many years.
		Traditionally the successor to Azilises has been considered to be another king named Azes but, this view has lately been challenged by R.C. Senior who believes that all of the coinage in the name of Azes was struck by one king by that name.
		The second attributed to Azes II depicts the king on horseback holding a whip.
	www.ece.iit.edu /~prh/coins/t/june.rw/Indosaka1.html (621 words)

	Bengal upto the Guptas
		Hindu religious era, and Azilises; the pahlava kings Vonones, Spalirises, Azes II, and Pacores; and the early kuSANa (the guishang branch of Yüeh-chih) kings Kujula and Vima Kadphises were all in Punjab or further west.
		His successors were Vasishka, Kanishka II, Huvishka, Vashushka, and Vasudeva) coins from kaniSka's reign (78–96 AD) do not necessarily mean that Bengal was under their rule, though the Murandooi mentioned by Ptolemy in India Extra-Gangem may have connections with the term shaka-murundu found later in samudragupta's inscription.
		Since the time of kumAragupta I (415–455), son of candragupta II vikramAditya (375–415), son of samudragupta (there may have been an extremely short reign of rAmagupta in between) till the middle of 6th cent AD, when the gupta empire fell, puNDravardhana remained a major city in the gupta empire.
	tanmoy.tripod.com /bengal/earlyphase.html (898 words)

	Iranica.com - GONDOPHARES
		This is now known to be identical with the current Indian "Vikrama" Era, of which year 1 corresponds to 57 B.C.E. Therefore the date of the inscription was 46 C.E. and the accession year (for this area) of Gondophares 20 C.E., a result perfectly supporting the Acts of Thomas.
		The numismatic sequence suggests that after the demise of the last Indo-Scythian emperor Azes II, not long before C.E. local rulers such as Indravarma and Sasan in Avacapura (Bajaur), Zeionises in Taxila, Kharahostes, and the Kushan prince Kujula Kadphises west of the Indus, were competing for domination of Gandhara (q.v.).
		Bivar, "Gondophares and the Sha@hna@ma," Iranica Antiqua 16: In Memoriam Roman Ghirshman II, 1981, pp.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v11f2/v11f2021.html (780 words)

	ePier - Ancient silver coin of Azes II 35 BC to 5 AD One of the three Kings!!!
		The front of this ancient coin shows the Indo-Scythian king Azes II on horse back with Greek legands.
		Some biblical scholars think Azes II was one of the three magi, or wise men of the East who traveled to witness the birth of Jesus.
		The reign of Azes II was about 35 BC TO 5 AD so this coin was in use during the life of Jesus.
	www.epier.com /BiddingForm.asp?292120 (316 words)

	Central Asia - South (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The eastern branch of the Scythians, who constantly harassed the eastern provinces of the Persian empires and invaded Afghanistan and Northern India in the first century BCE.
		Azes II To Suren (Parthia)....................last half of 1st cent.
		Hunza was a Northwest Frontier State, one of the tribal entities in the northern highlands of Pakistan which have been more-or-less autonomous for ages, due to inaccessibility and the intransigence of the indigenes.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Centasia3.html (1776 words)

	Indo-Scythians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Yuga Purana explains that the king of the Sakas killed one fourth of the population, before he was himself slain by the Kalinga king Shata and a group of Sabalas (Sabaras)
		King Azes I on a camel, holding the ankus, and wearing a Phrygian cap.
		The Indo-Scythians were named "Shaka" in India, an extension on the name Saka used by the Persians to designate Scythians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Scythians (3195 words)

	Indosaka1
		Azes I depicts the king on horseback with spear.The second attributed to Azes II depicts
		Azes on horseback with spear Azes on horseback with whip
		AE hexachalkon of Azes AR Tetradrachm of Azilises
	www.ece.iit.edu /~prh/coins/t/june.rw/Indosaka1.htm (602 words)

	Bibliography Page 54
		Abstract: Discusses the history and a previously unpublished obol of Phraates II, and a bronze "drachm" of Mithradates II with an unusual radiate crown on the onverse and a reverse which has Nike walking right bearing a wreath.
		Abstract: The author tabulates the varieties of some 4,000 drachms of Azes II from the Mir Zakah hoard, and the contents of 3 other hoards of similar material from Mir Zakah, Chach and Taxila.
		Trésor dit de Mardine, with 19 Mithradates II drachm, 14 Artabanus II drachm, 8 Sinatruces drachm, and 16 Phraates III drachm.
	www.parthia.com /webreport_54.htm (1366 words)

	Chatter - Chicago Coin Club - August, 2000
		The final part of his exhibit included a Type I (plain) and a Type II (upset rim) Sacagawea planchet and a new quarter planchet.
		Ateas took to the field of battle against Philip II of Macedon at the age of 90.
		Arsakes II was forced to submit to Seleucid authority in 209 B.C.E. after the eastern campaign of Antiochus III.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /chatter/2000/Aug (3349 words)

	Indian, Chinese, & Japanese Emperors
		He can be rather well dated because he sent letters to the contemporary Hellenistic monarchs, Antigonus II Gonatas (Antikini) of Macedonia, Antiochus II Theos (Anityoka) of the Seleucid Kingdom, Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Turamaya) of Egypt, Alexander II (Alikasudara) of Eprius, and Magas (Maga) of Cyrene, urging them to convert to Buddhism themselves.
		While the name of Chandragupta, the founder of the Mauryas, is usally given as one word, the "Gupta" ("guarded, protected") element in names of the Gupta dynasty is usually, but not always, written as a separate word.
		Pulakeshin II, who was also visited by Hsüan-tsang, declared himself "Lord of the Eastern and Western Waters." Although the Châlukyas never united the north or dominated the country like the Guptas or Harsha, I have included them and their successors to span the period down to the Sult.âns of Delhi.
	www.friesian.com /sangoku.htm (12453 words)

	At Home King Azes II Ancient Coin with Pendant - SHOP.COM
		At Home King Azes II Ancient Coin with Pendant
		Historians believe Azes II, one of the Magi, sent his representative to the Holy Land seeking proof of the birth of the Christ Child.
		All other designated trademarks, copyrights and brands are the property of their respective owners.
	www.shop.com /op/aprod-p51800714 (231 words)

	Bibliography Page 67
		Volume 1 is a masterful general study of ancient coins, important enough to be translated; Parthian coins are discussed in vol II but appear in vol 1, plate XVI, nos.
		Included is a metallurgical study of these coins.
		"A Tetradrachm of Azes II Struck at Sangala-Euthydemia.
	www.parthia.com /webreport_67.htm (233 words)

	Indo-Scythians, page 2
		Pallas standing right with shield and spear; Nandipada symbol and 'flower' in left field.
		Kharahostes Family (in the name of Azes) (circa 10 BC (?))
		Goddess standing left; Dhra and Kha and Nandipada symbol in left field; 'flower' and monogram in right field.
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/indoscythian/indoscythian_2.html (583 words)

	Indo Scythians, Azes II - Ancient Greek Coins - WildWinds.com
		Ancient Coinage of Indo Scythians, Azes II Click here for the Indo Scythians, Azes II page with thumbnail images.
		Indo Scythian Kings, Azes II Silver Tetradrachm.20 - 1 BC.
		Entry for Indo scythians, Azes II on the Digital Historia Numorum
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/greece/indo_scythians/azes_II/i.html (99 words)

	[No title]
		This means that no other information has been found in the coin catalogues for them.)
		Mithridates II Mithridates IV Mithridates VI Mohamed al Sadek
		Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Ptolemy X Soter II Ptolemy XI Alexander I
	www.umich.edu /~kelseydb/ContentManual/NumismaticScreen/authority.html (69 words)

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