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Topic: Azide

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	Azide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The azide anion is toxic, inhibiting the function of cytochrome c oxidase by binding irreversibly to the heme cofactor, in a process similar to that of carbon monoxide.
		Azide 2 is formed in a nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction displacing chlorine in 1 by the azide anion.
		It has been reported that sodium azide and polymer-bound azide reagents react with dichloromethane and chloroform to form di- and triazidomethane resp., which are both unstable in high concentrations in solution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Azide (608 words)

	Sodium azide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sodium azide is also used as a chemical preservative in hospitals and laboratories, in agriculture (farming) for pest control, and in detonators and other explosives.
		Azide anions prevent the cells of the body from using oxygen, inhibiting the function of cytochrome oxidase by binding irreversibly to the heme cofactor in a process similar to that of carbon monoxide.
		Sodium azide is more harmful to the heart and the brain than to other organs, because the heart and the brain use a lot of oxygen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sodium_azide (614 words)

	CDC \| Facts About Sodium Azide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sodium azide is used as a chemical preservative in hospitals and laboratories.
		In one case, sodium azide was poured into a drain, where it exploded and the toxic gas was inhaled (breathed in).
		If you are near a release of sodium azide, emergency coordinators may tell you to either evacuate the area or to “shelter in place” inside a building to avoid being exposed to the chemical.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/sodiumazide/basics/facts.asp (1382 words)

	BGN 13: Reciprocal translocations in sodium azide treatments in barley
		Chromosome aberrations obtained after sodium azide treatments are very rare in spite of the fact that a considerable number of chlorophyll mutants and sterility mutants were observed in the M2 plants.
		Influence of potassium cyanide on the azide mutagenesis in barley.
		Mutagenicity of sodium azide and lack of sinergistic effect with caffeine and mytomycin C.
	wheat.pw.usda.gov /ggpages/bgn/13/13p72.html (1315 words)

	Azide and Perchlorate by Ion Chromatography
		Salts of azide and perchlorate are used in the explosives and pyrotechnics industry.
		Sodium azide is a propellant in automotive air bags, and also has applications as a preservative, and in agricultural pest control.
		The assay for azide by was recently improved by using ion chromatography on a Dionex AS-10 Ion Exchange column and a sodium hydroxide eluant.
	www.wcaslab.com /tech/azide.htm (180 words)

	ET 08/00: Sodium azide in car airbags poses a growing environmental hazard
		On impact, an electromechanical trigger heats sodium azide to explosively decompose, forming nitrogen gas - the main constituent of the air we breathe and metallic sodium.
		In laboratory experiments at the University of Arizona, Betterton and his students tested how readily sodium azide oxidizes (combines with oxygen) when exposed to some environmental oxidants that may be found in water, such as hydrogen peroxide, an ingredient in natural rainwater, and ozone, a very powerful oxidant in the atmosphere.
		Oxidation is one way sodium azide degrades in the environment, just as the burning (oxidizing) truckload of sodium azide spewed up the spectacular toxic plume in Utah.
	www.sdearthtimes.com /et0800/et0800s9.html (997 words)

	Sodium azide (CASRN 26628-22-8), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During investigations of the effects of metabolic inhibition on cancer patients, it was observed that sodium azide lowered the blood pressure of hypertensive but not normotensive individuals (Black et al., 1954).
		Sodium azide is a metabolic inhibitor that interferes with oxidative enzymes and inhibits phosphorylation.
		A characteristic effect of acute administration of sodium azide to experimental animals is hypotension (Reinhardt and Britelli, 1982).
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0191.htm (997 words)

	Lead Azide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When lead azide is stored in water, however, care must be taken to assure that the water is free of bacteria-forming impurities which may react with the dextri-nated lead azide to form a gas.
		Lead azide shall not be exposed to copper, zinc, or metal al-loys because of the possible formation of other, more sensitive azides.
		Lead Azide has a high temperature of ignition and is less sensitive to shock and friction than mercury fulminate.
	www.ordnance.org /leadazid.htm (118 words)

	NRDC Technology offer - SODIUM AZIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sodium Azide is used as an intermediate for the
		After all the gas is passed through, the material is discharged, filtered and washed with alcohol, chilled water and dried producing Sodium Azide with 99.5% purity.
		The Mother liquor from Sodium Azide reaction is transferred to a distillation column and separated into separate components for reuse.
	www.nrdcindia.com /pages/sodaz.htm (419 words)

	HHMI Lab Safety: LCSS: SODIUM AZIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sodium azide should not be allowed to come into contact with heavy metals or their salts, because it may react to form heavy metal azides, which are notorious shock-sensitive explosives.
		Because of its high toxicity, sodium azide should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" of Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work with compounds of high toxicity (Chapter 5.D).
		In particular, work with sodium azide should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and appropriate impermeable gloves and splash goggles should be worn at all times to prevent skin and eye contact.
	www.hhmi.org /about/labsafe/lcss/lcss78.html (628 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Direct interaction of Na-azide with the KATP channel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sodium azide is widely used both in vivo and in vitro as a metabolic inhibitor.
		Azide ions have a small stimulatory action on Kir6.2/SUR1 currents, but this is normally masked by the inhibitory effect of Na ions.
		For example, azide inhibits ATP hydrolysis at NBD1 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, which, like SUR, is an ABC transporter (Ko and Pedersen, 1995).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v131/n6/full/0703680a.html (5516 words)

	BGN 9: Effect of aeration during sodium azide treatment of barley seeds on the physiological damage in M1 seedlings
		Effect of aeration during sodium azide treatment of barley seeds on the physiological damage in M1 seedlings.
		On the other hand, the mutagenic action of sodium azide was tentatively related to its character as a respiratory inhibitor and hence to oxygen, although the exact mode of action of the mutagen has not yet been elucidated (Nilan et al., 1976).
		To study the modifying effect of oxygen during mutagenic treatment with sodium azide, an experiment arranged in randomized blocks with four replications was laid out.
	wheat.pw.usda.gov /ggpages/bgn/9/9p62.html (614 words)

	DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-127
		In addition, we are aware of a violent azide explosion occurring while a constant temperature water bath in which sodium azide had been used as a preservative was being repaired.
		Lead azide is a more sensitive primary explosive than nitroglycerine and a more effective detonating agent than mercury fulminate; in comparison with lead azide, copper azide is even more explosive and too sensitive to be used commercially.
		The use of copper-and lead-free lines between the point of discharge of azide and the nearest pipe in which there is a good stream of water, or the use of azide-free reagents, may prevent future accumulation of explosive azides in plumbing.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/78127_13.html (1111 words)

	secG and Temperature Modulate Expression of Azide-Resistant and Signal Sequence Suppressor Phenotypes of Escherichia ...
		After 20 min, sodium azide was added to a final concentration of 2 mM to the indicated cultures.
		Strains (from left to right: DG313, DG101, DG309, DG313.2, DG101.2, and DG309.2) were grown at 37°C, treated with sodium azide (where indicated), and radiolabeled, and MBP and OmpA were analyzed as described in the legend to Fig.
		Mutations conferring resistance to azide in Escherichia coli occur primarily in the secA gene.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/180/23/6419 (3095 words)

	UCSD Blink: How to Handle Sodium Azide
		Sodium azide is a common preservative of samples and stock solutions in laboratories and a useful reagent in synthetic work.
		Sodium azide also changes into a toxic gas when it comes in contact with solid metals.
		Sodium azide reacts violently with nitric acid, bromine, carbon disulfide, dimethylsulfate, and several heavy metals including copper and lead.
	blink-prod.ucsd.edu /Blink/External/Topics/How_To/0,1260,15006,00.html (900 words)

	Safety and Health Topics: Sodium Azide
		measured as sodium azide, and it is 0.11 ppm measured as hydrazoic acid vapor.
		The basis for this dual TLV is that sodium azide has high solubility in water and will form hydrazoic acid in water, that hydrazoic acid vapor is present where sodium azide is handled, and that sodium azide is used to produce hydrazoic acid.
		The analytical method cannot differentiate between the two chemicals, and the section of the sampler that the substance is found serves as the basis for identification of the chemical substance.
	www.osha.gov /dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_267505.html (537 words)

	Identification of a Role for an Azide-Sensitive Factor in the Thylakoid Transport of the 17-Kilodalton Subunit of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There are two simple explanations for the effect of azide on OE17 maturation in the absence of a thylakoid pH gradient.
		Because thylakoid membranes appeared to be necessary for maturation of OE17 in the presence of nigericin and azide (Fig.
		the protonophore in the presence of azide (Fig.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/116/2/805 (6228 words)

	American Azide: Sodium Azide Based Pesticides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sodium azide (formula: NaN3) is the primary component in certain gas generators used to inflate automotive airbag safety systems.
		Sodium azide is also used as an intermediate to manufacture a wide variety of pharmaceuticals, wood preservatives, propellants, and explosives.
		In addition, it is also used as a reagent and as a component in a promising new pesticide being developed as a methyl bromide replacement (see the section on SEP® 100).
	www.apfc.com /utah/product6.html (722 words)

	Sodium Azide - Airbag Injury
		Unfortunately, Sodium Azide and its by- product, Hydrazoic Acid, are some of the most lethal poisons known.
		Yet the toxicity of Sodium Azide is as great, though much less known to the public.
		The environmental hazard of disposing of Sodium Azide is less known.
	www.airbagonoff.com /Sodium_Azide.htm (109 words)

	Sodium Azide and Hydrazoic Acid in Workplace Atmospheres (ID-211)
		Sodium azide is also the chief chemical used to inflate safety airbags in automobiles.
		Although the vapor phase is a ppm value, the OSHA regulation stipulates "sodium azide" as sodium azide or as hydrozoic acid (5.13.
		Owais, W.M., A. Kleinhofs, and R.A. Nilan: In Vivo Conversion of Sodium Azide to a Stable Mutagenic Metabolite in Salmonella Typhimuriun.
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/inorganic/id211/id211.html (6052 words)

	Casewit, Carla Jutta (1980-11-01) I. Electrophilic reactions of p-toluenesulfonyl azide. II. 15N and 13C nuclear ...
		Casewit, Carla Jutta (1980-11-01) I. Electrophilic reactions of p-toluenesulfonyl azide.
		The Reaction of p-Toluenesulfonyl Azide with the Sodium Salt of p-Toluenesulfonamide.
		The Reaction of p-Toluenesulfonyl Azide with Potassium Azide.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-01112005-143434 (450 words)

	[No title]
		Sodium azide may cause hypotension (abnormally low blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), tachypnea (quick, shallow breathing), hypothermia (low body temperature), convulsions and severe headache.
		The vapor of hydrazoic acid may be present where sodium azide is handl ed.
		Over a period of time, sodium azide may react with copper, lead, brass, or solder in plumbing systems to form an accumulation of the highly explosive compounds of lead azide and copper azide.
	www.conncoll.edu /offices/envhealth/MSDS/botany/S/Sodium-Azide.htm (1468 words)

	SODIUM AZIDE
		Accidental ingestion of sodium azide is potentially life threatening.
		Reacts with both copper and lead to produce explosive azides.
		Inhalation rat LC50: 37 mg/m3 Investigated as a tumorigen and mutagen.
	www.jtbaker.com /msds/englishhtml/s2906.htm (1185 words)

	Sodium azide - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		There may be other diseases and chemicals that have similar symptoms.
		Quickview Toxicity Summary for Sodium Azide from U.S. EPA IRIS Database
		Sorry, no water quality standards or criteria have been established for this chemical by the U.S. or Canadian governments; however, there may be criteria established for related chemicals.
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC37312 (764 words)

	MSDS for Sodium Azide
		Sodium azide added to final concentration of 10mM.
		Contains sodium azide at a maximum of 10mM concentration.
		Even the ingestion of a whole aliquot would result in exposure to levels of this compound well below the level thought to be dangerous.
	www.encorbio.com /MSDS/azide.htm (419 words)

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