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Topic: Azotobacter

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	Contamination of Azotobacter chroococcum by Gram-negative Bacterial Rods
		Characteristic colonies of Azotobacter were obtained in about a month, and stained smear preparations of these colonies revealed only the characteristic large cells of the organism.
		Fourteen strains of contaminants were isolated the cultural characters of which proved conclusively they were not pleomorphic forms of Azotobacter, the majority being strains of Pseudomonas (fluorescent and non-fluorescent) with one or two species of Achromobacter.
		In the absence of Azotobacter, they grow well up to four weeks in flasks of the above liquid mannitol medium, reducing its reaction to a pH of 4.0 in a fortnight although growth was still vigorous.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v171/n4365/abs/1711163a0.html (439 words)

	Formelsammlung Azotobacter (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Azotobacter kann allerdings auch unter geringen Sauerstoffkonzentrationen existieren, unter diesen Umständen findet eine erhöhte Stickstofffixierung statt.
		Azotobacter und andere stickstofffixierende Bakterien sind von großer ökologischer Bedeutung da sie den für Eukaryonten nicht nutzbaren gasförmigen Stickstoff binden und somit wieder in den Stickstoffkreislauf einführen.
		Azorhizophilus paspali (Döbereiner 1966) Thompson and Skerman 1981 ist ein Synonym für Azotobacter paspali.
	www.formel-sammlung.de /wiki_Azotobacter.html (883 words)

	Azotobacter - MicrobeWiki
		Azotobacter is a genus of free-living diazotrophic bacteria whose resting stage is a cyst.
		Azotobacters have generated a good deal of interest in the scientific community because of their unique mode of metabolism, by which they can fix nitrogen aerobically.
		Azotobacters and similar bacteria turn nitrogen into ammonia through the process of nitrogen fixation, after which the ammonia is turned into proteins.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /mediawiki-1.6.6/index.php/Azotobacter (494 words)

	Crystallographic structure of the nitrogenase iron protein from Azotobacter vinelandii -- Georgiadis et al. 257 (5077): ...
		Purification and Characterization of NafY (Apodinitrogenase {gamma} Subunit) from Azotobacter vinelandii.
		Accumulation of 99Mo-containing Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor Precursors of Nitrogenase on NifNE, NifH, and NifX of Azotobacter vinelandii.
		Accumulation of 55Fe-Labeled Precursors of the Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor of Nitrogenase on NifH and NifX of Azotobacter vinelandii.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/257/5077/1653 (1537 words)

	Azotobacter
		Nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter: The species of Azotobacter are known to fix on an average 10 mg.of N/g of sugar in pure culture on a nitrogen free medium.
		Azotobacter in soil: In Indian soils, the population of Azotobacter is not more than 10 thousand to 1 lakh/g of soil.
		Similarly, a medium used for growth of Azotobacter is required to have presence of organic nitrogen, micro-nutrients and salt in order to enhance the nitrogen fixing ability of Azotobacter.
	www.indiaagronet.com /indiaagronet/manuers_fertilizers/azotobacter.htm (1148 words)

	Multiplex Group of Companies
		Azotobacter species confer an additional advantage since they are known to produce antibiotic, which suppress a variety of root pathogens.
		Azotobacter inoculation at Dharwad and Bijapur research farms of the university of Agricultural sciences, Dharwad, karnataka, India have indicated increase yields in the range of 16-36% in sorghum, 3-8% in wheat &23-28% in safflower.
		Azotobacter is mixed with 10kg dried farmyard manure and broadcast in the nursery area required for an acre of main field.
	www.multiplexgroup.com /MultiplexAzab.htm (312 words)

	BIOL/CSES 4684 - Azotobacter
		Azotobacter is categorized along with the gamma group of purple Bacteria.
		Azotobacter was first discovered using a culture that was devoid of a combined nitrogen source.
		Azotobacter is found on neutral to alkaline soils, in aquatic environments, in the plant rhizosphere and phyllosphere.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/chagedor/biol_4684/Microbes/AZOTO.html (523 words)

	Define azotobacter - Definition of azotobacter from Free-Online-Dictionary.org
		G.4.6 Outline the roles of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, and Pseudomonas...
		Outline the roles of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Nitrosomomas, Nitorbacter, and Pseudomonas...
		absorption spectroscopy of the iron-vanadium cofactor of the vanadium nitrogenase from Azotobacter...
	www.free-online-dictionary.org /define-azotobacter.html (284 words)

	[The effects of several factors on the growth of pure and mixed cultures of Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtili
		We studied the effect of a clay mineral, palygorskite, on the physiological activity of Azotobacter chroococcum and the phosphate-mobilizing bacterium Bacillus subtilis, as well as their mixed cultures, under various oxygen supply conditions during the utilization of phosphorus from readily and poorly soluble compounds (K2HPO4 x 3H2O) and (Ca3(PO4)2), respectively.
		An increase in oxygen mass transfer in the nutrient medium was followed by a rise in the number of Bacillus subtilis cells and an inhibition of Azotobacter chroococcum growth.
		The number of Bacillus and, particularly, Azotobacter cells was two to five times lower in a mixed culture than in a monoculture.
	www.galenicom.com /medline/article/16878548/mt:Gram-Positive%252520Endospore-Forming%252520Bacteria (267 words)

	Azotobacter Summary
		The genus Azotobacter is comprised of bacteria that require the presence of oxygen to grow and reproduce, and which are inhabitants of the soil.
		A noteworthy feature of Azotobacter is the ability of the bacteria to "fix" atmospheric nitrogen, by the conversion of this elemental form to ammonia.
		Azotobacter are usually motile, oval, or spherical bacteria, form thick-walled cysts, and may produce large quantities of capsular slime.
	www.bookrags.com /Azotobacter (438 words)

	Azotobacter and Nitrogen Cycle
		As stated before, Azotobacter is a genus of bacteria that consists of gram negative rods which can range from long, thin rods to cocci shaped cells, which are found in soil and water.
		Azotobacter species are also nitrogen fixing bacteria that produce ammonia as an end product and do so under aerobic conditions, although some species are capbable of surviving in anaerobic conditions.
		Azotobacter was first isolated by Martinus W. Beijerinck who also isolated Rhizobium and sulfur reducing bacteria.
	www.azotobacter.5u.com /custom.html (328 words)

	Azotobacter
		Azotobacter is multiplied on a large scale by two ways viz.
		Azotobacter is heaviest breathing organism and requires a large amount of organic carbon for its growth.
		Azotobacter is less effective in soils with poor organic matter content.
	www.indiaagronet.com /indiaagronet/Manuers_fertilizers/azotobacter(B).htm (1235 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		The effect of mineral N, organic N and Azotobacter alone and in various combination was investigated on the yield and N nutrition of wheat in an experiment.
		The results revealed that mineral, organic fertilizers and Azotobacter applied alone and in various combinations significantly improved the yield, yield components and N uptake by wheat crop as compared to control.
		Azotobacter of wheat alone also produced lower biomass yield as compared to mineral N applied at 60 mg kg
	www.doaj.org /doaj?func=abstract&id=185744&recNo=3&toc=1 (287 words)

	Identification of a Palindromic Sequence That Is Responsible for the Up-regulation of NAPDH-Ferredoxin Reductase in a ...
		Identification of a Palindromic Sequence That Is Responsible for the Up-regulation of NAPDH-Ferredoxin Reductase in a Ferredoxin I Deletion Strain of Azotobacter vinelandii -- Yannone and Burgess 272 (22): 14454 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		Identification of a Palindromic Sequence That Is Responsible for the Up-regulation of NAPDH-Ferredoxin Reductase in a Ferredoxin I Deletion Strain of Azotobacter vinelandii
		Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I (AvFdI) is one member of a class of 7Fe ferredoxins found in a variety of organisms that
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/272/22/14454 (546 words)

	Dinitrogenase reductase- and MgATP-dependent maturation of apodinitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii -- Allen et al. ...
		Dinitrogenase reductase- and MgATP-dependent maturation of apodinitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii -- Allen et al.
		Dinitrogenase reductase- and MgATP-dependent maturation of apodinitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii
		Characterization of VNFG, the delta Subunit of the vnf-Encoded Apodinitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/268/31/23670 (988 words)

	Azotobacter vinelandii
		Azotobacter vinelandii is an aerobic soil-dwelling organism with a wide variety of metabolic capabilities which include the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen by converting it to ammonia.
		Firstly, Azotobacter vinelandii is capable of synthesising not only the molybdenum-containing nitrogenase enzyme that typifies most diazotrophs including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium leguminosarum, but also two alternative nitrogenases; one in which vanadium replaces molybdenum and a second which contains neither transition metal but only iron.
		Secondly, Azotobacter has evolved a number of physiological mechanisms to allow it to fix nitrogen aerobically despite the inherent oxygen-sensitivity of nitrogenase.
	www.jic.ac.uk /SCIENCE/molmicro/Azot.html (433 words)

	Azotobacter
		Azotobacter (and a few other species of bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae) are free-living in soil and water and do not form symbioses.
		Like other nitrogenases, Azotobacter nitrogenase is oxygen-sensitive, but it is believed that the extremely high respiration rate of Azotobacter (possibly the highest of any living organism) soaks up free oxygen within the cells and protects the nitrogenase.
		Azotobacter species are relatively easy to isolate from soil by growing on nitrogen free media, where the bacteria are forced to use atmospheric nitrogen gas for cellular protein synthesis.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /Video/Azotobacter.html (423 words)

	Microbiology and Bacteriology :: The world of microbes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Azotobacter and several other bacteria carry out nitrogen fixation as free living soil organisms (Azotobacter and Klebsiella pneumoniae, for example) and others carry it out in symbiotic association with plants (Rhizobia and Frankia).
		Organisms in the genus Azotobacter are chemoorganotrophs, capable of using sugars, alcohols and salts of organic acids for growth.
		Azotobacter - a common, strictly aerobic nitrogen-fixer - is generally seen as relatively large, oval-shaped cells, usually in pairs.
	www.bact.wisc.edu /Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=99 (1058 words)

	Synergistic role of VAM and Azotobacter inoculation on growth and biomass production in forestry species (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In all 4 species root length development was maximum either with VAM or with VAM + Azotobacter, T. grandis and Gmelina arborea doubled their biomass yield just by mycorrhization.
		The response to Azotobacter in T. grandis was comparatively low.
		The increase in biomass yield with VAM decreased with the age of the plant, and it is suggested that supplementary doses of chemical fertilizers with VAM and Azotobacter may be helpful in enriching the microbial population and thereby plant growth.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S37/SEE00SYN13X1236.html (164 words)

	Azotobacter vinelandii (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Azotobacter vinelandii is an aerobic soil-dwelling organism with a wide variety of metabolic capabilities which include the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen by converting it to ammonia.
		Firstly, Azotobacter vinelandii is capable of synthesising not only the molybdenum-containing nitrogenase enzyme that typifies most diazotrophs including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium leguminosarum, but also two alternative nitrogenases; one in which vanadium replaces molybdenum and a second which contains neither transition metal but only iron.
		Secondly, Azotobacter has evolved a number of physiological mechanisms to allow it to fix nitrogen aerobically despite the inherent oxygen-sensitivity of nitrogenase.
	www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk /SCIENCE/molmicro/Azot.html (433 words)

	Mulch-L mailing list correspondence/ Azotobacter discussion - Management of Organic Inputs in Soils of the Tropics Group
		The results show that the Azotobacter can not significantly improve the value of compost (the increased amount of nitrogen is too small and it is too labile).
		So, if you want to augment the amount of Azotobacter in a field it is probably better and more realistic to do this by increasing the organic matter.
		Azotobacter is easily multiplied in coconut water, only the pH has to be adjusted.
	ppathw3.cals.cornell.edu /mba_project/moist/Mmazoto.html (459 words)

	JGI Azotobacter vinelandii AvOP Home
		Azotobacter vinelandii is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, found in soils world-wide, with many features relevant to energy consumption and carbon sequestration.
		vinelandii, and other Azotobacter species have evolved extreme mechanisms to obtain and store nitrogen, that its soil niche or habitat is one in which organic N sources are not available (or might be toxic?), and that they have evolved a genome with an unusual number of genes needed to capture inorganic nitrogen.
		Both genera, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, are in the domain Eubacteria, phylum Proteobacteria, Class Deltaproteobacteria, family Pseudomonodaceae.
	genome.jgi-psf.org /draft_microbes/azovi/azovi.home.html (786 words)

	Salt stress effects on soil urease activity, nitrifier and Azotobacter populations in gram rhizosphere (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Salt stress effects on soil urease activity, nitrifier and Azotobacter populations in gram rhizosphere
		Pot culture experiments are described which examined the effects of NaCl salinity and pH stress on soil urease activity and the population densities of Azotobacter, ammonium and nitrite oxidizers in the rhizospheres of gram (Cicer arietinum).
		Urease activity and Azotobacter numbers were both inversely correlated to EC(r=-0.765 and r=-0.864, resp.) and pH(r=-0.682 and r=-0.770, resp.).
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S94/SET93SAL1890841.html (162 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter and L-tryptophan (L-TRP) application on the growth, yield and nitrogen content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop.
		Results revealed that Azotobacter inoculation and L-TRP application significantly affected the wheat crop, however, their combined application produced more pronounced effect as compared with their separate application.
		Combined application of Azotobacter and 10 3 M L-TRP significantly increased the grain yield (21.3 %), straw yield (20.7 %), plant height (5.8 %), number of tillers (15.3 %), number of spikelets spike
	www.doaj.org /doaj?func=abstract&id=184077&recNo=39&toc=1 (166 words)

	Welcome to Azotobacter.org!
		Azotobacter vinelandii was selected for whole genome sequencing by the Department of Energy's
		This was named the Azotobacter Genome Annotation Workshop and was supported by DOE and Arizona Research Laboratory, Biotechnology division.
		If anyone else would like to be involved in annotation of Azotobacter, or would like to see how the process unfolds, please contact Nirav or Christina.
	www.azotobacter.org (271 words)

	Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Synthesis Genes in Azotobacter sp. Strain FA8 -- Pettinari et al. 67 (11): 5331 -- Applied and ...
		Genes responsible for the synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in Azotobacter sp.
		Cloning and molecular analysis of the PHB synthase gene from Azotobacter sp.
		A similar approach was used for the cloning of the acetoacetyl-CoA reductase gene (phbB) from Azotobacter sp.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/11/5331 (2298 words)

	DLC-ME \| The Microbe Zoo \| Dirtland \| Root Cellar \| Rhizosphere (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Click here to see a larger image (JPEG) of this microbe.
		This is the cross section of a cyst of the bacterium, Azotobacter.
		Azotobacter is an organism that lives in soil.
	commtechlab.msu.edu /sites/dlc-me/zoo/zdrs0309.html (59 words)

	NRDC Technology offer-AZOTOBACTER BIOFERTILISER
		A specific strain of Azotobacter chroococcum has been isolated from the rhizosphere of mulberry plant and tested by the CSRandTI, Mysore under in vivo and in vitro conditions and has found to be very effective.
		The laboratory has recommended application of the Azotobacter biofertilizer at the rate of 20 kg per hectare per year and this assures a substantial saving of nitrogen fertilizer (about 50 % reduction in N requirement).
		This indirectly reduces the costs involved in the silkworm rearing aspects as well as the soil health is improved by increased microbial activity.
	www.nrdcindia.com /pages/azotobacter.htm (398 words)

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