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Topic: Azov campaigns

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	Azov, Sea of
		Azov is located between mainland Ukraine in the north, the Crimea in the west, and the Kuban region in the east.
		Azov are on the average 16m long and 1.2 m high.
		Azov diminished because of excessive and rapacious fishing, especially of perch and sturgeon.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/A/Z/AzovSeaof.htm (1102 words)

	azov - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Azov is a town in the Rostov Oblast of the Russian Federation, situated on the Don River just 4 miles from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town.
		In what is known as one of the more legendary pages of Cossack history, the Don Cossacks captured the fortress with its Turkish garrisson of 4000 soldiers and 200 cannons in the summer of 1637 and held it for 5 years.
		During the so-called Azov campaigns (1696), Peter the Great managed to recover the fortress but the disastrous Pruth Campaign constrained him to hand it back to the Turks in 1711.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Azov (418 words)

	Azov campaigns - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1st Azov campaign began in the spring of 1695.
		The Azov campaigns demonstrated the significance of having a fleet and marked the beginning of Russia's turning into a maritime power.
		Although the campaign was a success, it was evident to Peter I of Russia that he achieved only partial results, as the entry into the Black Sea was still not possible without controlling the whole Crimean Peninsula.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Azov_campaigns (552 words)

	Azov, Sea of - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Azov, Sea of
		The main rivers flowing into the Sea of Azov are the Don, and the Kuban.
		The industrial city of Azov is a good source of freshwater fish, though fishing on the sea has declined due to increasing salinity of the water.
		To the west of the Sea of Azov, and separated from it only by a long narrow sandy peninsula called Arabat, is the Sivash (Putrid) Sea, a series of very saline lagoons and marshes.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Azov,+Sea+of (212 words)

	Azov - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Azov (Russian: Азо́в) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just three kilometers from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town.
		The Kypchaks, seizing the area in 1067, renamed it azak (i.e., lowlands), from which appellation the modern name is derived.
		For 7 years Azov was a capital of a separate government but, with the growth of neighbouring Rostov-on-the-Don, gradually declined in importance.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Azov (478 words)

	HOLIDAY RESORTS OF SEA OF AZOV
		The climate of the Sea of Azov is continental.
		Organic life flourishes because the waters of the Sea of Azov are warm in the summer and the rivers supply organic and mineral nutrients.
		In the 13th century the Azov region was conquered by the Mongols and annexed by the Golden Horde, in the 15th centure it came under the control of the Crimean Khanate.
	www.donego.netfirms.com /Intours/english/tours/Azov/azov.htm (932 words)

	Kaucasian Knot : Encyclopedia
		Quartered in the Don area, it protected Russia's southern borders and took part in military campaigns, was disbanded in 1920 and restored in the late 1980s.
		The centers of the Don Cossack Host were: Razdory (XVI cent.), Monastyrsky Gorodok (from 1622), Azov (1637-42), Makhin Ostrov (from 1642), and Cherkassk (from 1645) that consisted of 11 stanitsas (Cossack villages), including one inhabited by Tatars.
		A campaign ataman with unlimited authority was elected for campaigns.
	eng.kavkaz.memo.ru /encyclopediatext/engencyclopedia/id/587627.html (1790 words)

	RUSNET.NL :: Encyclopedia :: P :: Peter I: External events
		On the one hand, these Azov campaigns could be seen as fulfilling Russia's commitments, undertaken during Sophia's regency, to the anti-Turkish "Holy League" of 1684 (Austria, Poland, and Venice); on the other they were intended to secure the southern frontier against Tatar raids, as well as to approach the Black Sea.
		The first campaign ended in failure (1695), but this did not discourage Peter: he promptly built a fleet at Voronezh to sail down the Don River and in 1696 Azov was captured.
		The campaign along the parched shores of the Caspian obviously put a great strain on Peter's health, already undermined by enormous exertions and also by the excesses in which he occasionally indulged himself.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/p/print/peter_I_ext.shtml (1247 words)

	Proto-Bulgarians - 5
		As both Procopius and Agathius describe exactly the lands north of the Sea of Azov and west of the river Don as the land of the Kutrigurs, the identification of the Kotrags with the Kutrigurs is almost universally accepted.
		The burials in the necropolises north of the Sea of Azov are of western orientation, while those from Proto-Bulgarian necropolises south of Danube (Dobrudja and North-Eastern Bulgaria) are of northern orientation.
		We may recall the rich spoils the Kutrigurian aristocracy collected in its campaigns against Byzantium and the presents the 'Hunic' princes received from Byzantium at the beginning of the VII c.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/p_bulgar/p_bulg5.htm (4331 words)

	Where do I find Azov information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Azov (Russian: ÐÐ·Ð¾ÌÐ²) whistle stop in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River becoming nine kilometers from the Sea of Azov, which derives its trade name from the town.
		Azov Fortress of Azov Fortress of Azov A 17th-centuty Dutch engraving representing the Battle of Azov (1696)
		For 7 agedness Azov was a capital of a divergent ministry but, with the growth of neighbouring Rostov-on-the-Don, gradually declined in importance.
	en.card-lot.info /Azov (670 words)

	AZOVABB
		Azov is a city of 90 000 inhabitants, located 45 kilometer southwards from Rostov-na-Donu, which is the biggest city in South of Russia.
		Azov is planned site of liquid chemicals terminal project, which dates back to 1996 but was halted until April of this year due to legal obstacles.
		Azov sea, which is connected to larger Black Sea only by a narrow channel has an average depth of 4.2 meters only, and only 280 cube kilometers of water - thus a single accident with a tanker carrying poisonous methanol load would destroy the sea ecosystem completely.
	www.kolumbus.fi /antra/AZOVABB.htm (3556 words)

	Crimean campaigns - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 (Крымские походы in Russian), military campaigns of the Russian army against the Crimean Khanate.
		The Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 diverted some of the Turkish and Crimean forces in favor of Russia's allies.
		The unsuccessful outcome of these campaigns was one of the reasons the government of Sophia Alekseyevna collapsed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crimean_campaigns (315 words)

	[No title]
		In 1687, during a visit to Moscow, he won the favour of the then all-powerful Vasily Golitsuin, from whom he virtually purchased the hetmanship of the Cossacks (July 25).
		He took a very active part in the Azov campaigns of Peter the Great and won the entire confidence of the young tsar by his zeal and energy.
		He was also very serviceable to Peter at the beginning of the Great Northern War, especially in 1705 and 1706, when he took part in the Volhynian campaign and helped to construct the fortress of Pechersk.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=44120 (615 words)

	History - Starocherkassk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Azov would block the exit from the Don river to the Azov and the Black seas.
		The Cossacks of Cherkassk would take part in longer and farther campaigns: in 1717 they participated in the Finnish campaign, in 1720 they were fighting with Swedes.
		Besides, by the beginning of the 19th century Cherkassk, that was flooded twice a year, lost its military-strategic and economic importance, and due to this fact it was decided to transfer the capital of the Don Cossacks to a new place.
	starocherkassk.ru /e_hist.htm (871 words)

	[No title]
		part in the Azov campaigns (1695-96), and superseded Ogilvie as commander-in-chief during the retreat before Charles XII.
		From 1709 to 1714 he served during the Courland, Holstein and Pomeranian campaigns, but then, as governor-general of Ingria, with almost unlimited powers, was entrusted with a leading part in the civil administration.
		Menshikov understood perfectly the principles on which Peter's reforms were conducted, and was the right hand of the tsar in all his gigantic undertakings.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=44569 (763 words)

	Peter I of Russia Encyclopedia Article @ RussianWealth.com (Russian Wealth) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the summer of 1695 Peter organized the Azov campaigns in order to take the fortress, but his attempts ended in failure.
		The battle was a decisive defeat for Swedish forces, ending Charles' campaign in Ukraine and forcing him into exile in the Ottoman Empire.
		Peter's campaign in the Ottoman Empire was disastrous; in the ensuing peace treaty, Peter was forced to return the Black Sea ports he had seized in 1697.
	www.russianwealth.com /encyclopedia/Peter_I_of_Russia (3435 words)

	THE VOICE OF RUSSIA [Info]
		The Krasnodar region is washed by the Baltic Sea and the Sea of Azov.
		It is situated on the Adagum River (the Kuban's tributary), 87 kilometres west of Krasnodar, 100 kilometres from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
		During his Azov campaigns Peter the Great used to make a stop-over on the site of the future city.
	www.vor.ru /outside/cool_eng.html (1346 words)

	NEWSBRIEFS (01/04/04)
		State-funded activities may not be linked to the party's participation in elections, but the law also provides for reimbursing campaign expenses for parties that reach the four percent threshold for parliamentary representation.
		The annual allocations for political parties under the new law are defined as one percent of the average minimum wage multiplied by the number of registered votes in the most recent regular parliamentary elections.
		The agreement defines the Sea of Azov as the internal waters of both Ukraine and Russia, and it provides for the free navigation of Ukrainian and Russian military and civilian vessels in the area, while third-flag vessels need the consent of both Ukraine and Russia to operate within those waters.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/2004/010405.shtml (699 words)

	Galitzine - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1676 he was sent to Ukraine to keep in order the Crimean Tatars and took part in the Chigirin campaign.
		Personal experience of the inconveniences and dangers of the prevailing system of preferment; the so-called mestnichestvo, or rank priority, which had paralysed the Russian armies for centuries, induced him to propose its abolition, which was accomplished by Tsar Feodor III in 1678.
		He accompanied Peter to the White Sea (1694-1695); took part in the Azov campaign (1695); and was one of the triumvirat who ruled Russia during Peters first foreign tour (1697-1698).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Galitzine (1525 words)

	The Ultimate Repnin Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The first Repnin to gain highest honours was Prince Anikita Ivanovich (1668-1726), Russian general, and one of the collaborators of Peter the Great, with whom he grew up.
		On the occasion of the Sophian insurrection of 1689, he carefully guarded Peter in the Troitsa monastery, and subsequently took part in the Azov expedition, during which he was raised to the grade of general.
		His grandson, Prince Nikolai Vasilievich (1734-1801), Russian statesman and general, served under his father, Prince Vasily Anikitovich, during the Rhenish campaign of 1748 and subsequently resided for some time abroad, where he acquired "a thoroughly sound German education." He also participated in the Seven Years' War in a subordinate capacity.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Repnin (747 words)

	Reina-Tour NTV: Towns
		Azov is a town-fortress, that is more than 900 years old.
		Azov has witnessed Venetian merchants, Tatar-Mongolian horde, Turkish janissaries, famous sieges of Don Cossacks, Azov campaigns of Peter the Great, that opened the entrance to the Azov Sea, and then to the Black Sea for Russia.
		Rostov-on-Don is the capital of the Don region, and of all South Federal okrug, founded in 1749 according to the decree of the empress Elisabeth II.
	reina-tour.ru /pages/incoming_e.asp?id1=1 (368 words)

	Azov (town) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Azov (town)
		City in the Rostov oblast (region) of the Russian Federation, at the northeastern end of the Sea of Azov on the River Don, 7 km/4 mi from its mouth; population (1990) 81,000.
		The city manufactures agricultural machinery and has textile and fishing industries.
		Azov was seized by the Turks in 1471, and has been Russian since 1774.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Azov+(town) (141 words)

	Russia in the Age of Peter the Great
		The `campaign' presented Muscovites with a show of strength, as armies commanded by Fedor Romodanovsky, the `king of Presburg', and Ivan Buturlin, the `king of Poland', paraded through the city.
		Two armies were dispatched: the joint force of B. Sheremetev and the Ukrainian hetman Ivan Mazepa to the Dnieper, to deflect the Tatars from the mouth of the Don, and a smaller unit consisting of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky guards and strel'tsy on river craft down the Don.
		The first Azov campaign was a failure, and the fortress remained in Turkish hands.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/h/hughes-peter.html (8543 words)

	Conflicts with the Ottomans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1696 Peter's forces overran the port of Azov.
		With the acquisition of the warm water port in Azov, Peter immediately initiated the construction of a navy and merchant fleet to support a Black Sea trade.
		In 1711 Peter agreed to terms with the Ottomans that required him to relinquish the port of Azov.
	history.furman.edu /~benson/hst11/group1/peter8c.htm (204 words)

	Azov Campaigns and "The Great Embassy" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Thus Peter returned to the idea of the Crimean campaigns, in which Prince V.V. Golitsyn sustained a defeat.
		It was impossible to lay the siege to the fortress both from the land and from the sea without the fleet.
		By the spring two ships, 23 galleys, 4 fire-ships and 1300 boats were made, using which 4 000 Russian force laid the siege to Azov in May of 1696.
	russia.rin.ru /guides_e/6931.html (582 words)

	Arrian Campaigns of Alexander (Anabasis) Summary
		The Campaigns of Alexander tells the story of Alexander's campaigns first in Thrace and Greece and then in North Africa and Asia.
		It was written during the resurgence of Greek literature that began in the era of the accession in 117 CE of the philhellenic emperor Hadrian--the era also included the writers Appian, Pausanias, Galen, and Lucian.
		This Tanais river is not the Tanais river which flows into the Sea of Azov (or Maeotis, along north Black Sea) and which is considered by some ancients to be the boundary between Asia and Europe and called by Herodotus the Don River.
	www.mcgoodwin.net /pages/otherbooks/lfa_anabasis.html (3513 words)

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