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Topic: Aztec calendar

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	Aztec Calendar - Sun Stone - Crystalinks
		The original Aztec Calendar is a 12', massive stone slab, carved in the middle of the 15th century.
		It was during the reign of the 6th Aztec monarch in 1479 that this stone was carved and dedicated to the principal Aztec deity: the sun.
		The most widely accepted correlation of the calendar of Tenochtitlán with the Christian Julian calendar is based on the entrance of Cortés into that city on November 8, 1519, and on the surrender of Cuauhtémoc on August 13, 1521.
	www.crystalinks.com /aztecalendar.html (1718 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Aztec
		The Aztecs, or Mexica as they called themselves, were the elite of a militaristic empire focused in Central Mexico when the Spanish conquistadores landed in America at the beginning of the 16th century CE.
		In the middle, the Aztec representation is that of four flags and a bird, which is mirroed in the Spanish caption "ochenta pieles de pajaros deste color", or "80 pelts of birds of this color".
		Since Aztec names tend to be composed of words in the Nahuatl language, names are often written as groups of highly pictorial logograms that make up the roots of the name.
	www.ancientscripts.com /aztec.html (1988 words)

	Aztec Calendar: The Pointer, Part: I
		The Aztec Calendar's design is based on a set of concentric rings, divided into eight segments.
		There is much debate about the significance of the elements in the pointer of the Aztec Calendar, as there is regarding almost all of the elements of the calendar itself.
		It should be noted that on the Aztec Calendar, the pointer does not actually point towards a specific glyph, but rather it is aimed between the glyph numbers 1 and 20, as is brought out in the following illustration.
	www.earthmatrix.com /serie02/cuad02-2.htm (395 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Aztec calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		It is one of the Mesoamerican calendars, sharing the basic structure of calendars from throughout ancient Mesoamerica.
		This calendar is recorded as a carving on the Aztec Calendar Stone currently found in the National Museum of Anthropology (Museo Nacional de Antropología), Chapultepec Park, Mexico City, D.F. Mexico.
		Aztec Stone of the Sun replica in El Paso, Texas, cast from the original to be found in the National Museum of Anthropology (Museo Nacional de Antropología).
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Aztec_calendar.htm (488 words)

	"Aztec Calendar Stone" by Louis R. Arana
		Aztec astronomy, based chiefly on astrology, divided the solar year into 18 months of 20 days each with 5 intercalaries (days inserted into the calendar to make it correspond to the solar year).
		Quetzalcoatl is represented in Aztec and Mayan mythology as the feathered serpent, a union between flesh and the spirit.
		The Aztec calendar thus emerges as a remarkable instrument of science and religion, an enduring tribute to Aztec culture and knowledge.
	www.theosophy-nw.org /theosnw/world/america/am-arana.htm (1046 words)

	Aztec Calendar Stone - Picture - ninemsn Encarta
		The ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica developed complex calendar systems based on overlapping cycles of time.
		The Aztec calendar stone, carved from a piece of basalt weighing over 22 tonnes, depicts sun gods at its centre, representing present and past eras.
		The suns are encircled by several segmented rings, some containing hieroglyphs, which show the divisions of Aztec cycles of time.
	au.encarta.msn.com /media_461549283/Aztec_Calendar_Stone.html (68 words)

	A Record of World Ages
		Carved in the middle of the 15th century, the artifact is said to illustrate that Aztecs had a fine knowledge of both astronomy and mathematics.
		Aztec legend has it that these squares represented the different manner by which the four previous Suns (or worlds) had come to an end: first by wild animals, then by wind, fire, and flood.
		Aztecs put sticks in the holes so that their shadows fell on the stone figures making it function as a sundial.
	www.12x30.net /aztec.html (560 words)

	World Mysteries - Strange Artifacts - Mayan and Aztec Calendars
		The most widely accepted correlation of the calendar of Tenochtitlan with the Christian Julian calendar is based on the entrance of Cortez into that city on November 8, 1519, and on the surrender of Cuauhtzmoc on August 13, 1521.
		The correlation of dates in the Gregorian calendar is uncertain, although most authors on the subject affix the beginning of the Aztec year to early Febuary.
		The Hebraic calendar acquired by Enoch after he was translated in a beam of light intercalated solar and lunar cycles in a fashion similar to the Maya.
	www.world-mysteries.com /sar_3.htm (5317 words)

	85.06.02: Mexican Culture Taught Through the Aztec Calendar
		The Tonalamatl (Aztec Calendar) probably originated at a very early time in the lowlands among a preMaya people, and with maize, cotton, potterymaking and fundamental religious concepts was among the cultural traits inherited by the later civilizations, both Maya and Mexican (Aztec).
		The Aztec Calendar is circular with fifty-two squares or years, which were the equivalent of one cycle or century.
		Symbols, not words, are used on the Calendar such as the head of Echecatl-Quetzalcoatl to represent wind; the head of Tlaloc to symbolize rain; a jar of water from which rises the bust of Chalchiuhtlicue to symbolize flood; and a jaguar to symbolize fire.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1985/6/85.06.02.x.html (5051 words)

	Aztec Calendar Stone - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Aztec Calendar Stone - Picture - MSN Encarta
		The Aztec calendar stone, carved from a piece of basalt weighing over 22 metric tons, depicts sun gods at its center, which represent present and past eras.
		The suns are encircled by several segmented rings, some with heiroglyphs, which show the divisions of Aztec cycles of time.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461549283/Aztec_Calendar_Stone.html (90 words)

	Aztec Empire
		The Aztecs began their reign in 1427 after the leader, Itzcoatl, with the assistance of surrounding cities, defeated the Tepanecs and gained control of the Mexican basin.
		Aztec religion was closely tied into the calendrical system they adopted based on the cosmos.
		The fall of the Aztec Empire was based not only on the actions of the Spaniards, but on the revolt of surrounding smaller communities which belonged to this huge collaboration of peoples.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/latinamerica/meso/cultures/aztec_empire.html (696 words)

	History & info - the Mayan calendar
		The pyramid was used as a calendar: four stairways, each with 91 steps and a platform at the top, making a total of 365, equivalent to the number of days in a calendar year.
		The Maya calendar was adopted by the other Mesoamerican nations, such as the Aztecs and the Toltec, which adopted the mechanics of the calendar unaltered but changed the names of the days of the week and the months.
		The Haab was the civil calendar of the Mayas.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-mayan.html (1295 words)

	The Mayan Calendar -Introduction
		This gave birth to the first lunar calendars containing 29-30 days per time period (month), but since the sum of twelve or thirteen months differ from the length of a tropical year this calendar was not completely suitable for agricultural practices.
		Later the solar calendars came to be, for example the Julian calendar which was instituted in Rome by Julius Caesar in 46 BC.
		And even though the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar in the sense that it does not take into consideration the Moon in its calculations, it does contain rules for determining Easter and other religious holidays which are based on both the Sun and the Moon.
	www.mayacalendar.com /introduccion.html (1256 words)

	Chocolate Deities: Mayan Calendar, Mayan Calendar
		This calendar did not only tell the days and times of the year, but it predicted the many ages of the Earth and the cosmic meaning of those cycles.
		Unlike the Roman Calendar that we use, the Mayan Calendar is not just a system to mark the passage of time.
		This is a prophetic calendar that invites us to understand the plan for the evolution of the universe.
	www.chocolatedeities.com /deityl.php?deity=calendar (728 words)

	Maya Calendar
		Calendar conversion programs are quite useful because they do the tedious arithmetic required to find an exact correlation.
		The long count and calendar round were the basic elements of the Maya calendar, used to date inscriptions and time rituals.
		Calendar Notes from her excellent Rabbit in the Moon site, which is reproduced here.
	members.shaw.ca /mjfinley/calnote.htm (3496 words)

	Mayan Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Looking at the picture of the Calendar Stone, the 20 glyphs for the days are in the third concentric circle from the center.
		The first is the religious calendar year of 260 days (numbers 1-13 X 20 day names).
		Uayeb is an unlucky period of the year used to synchronize the calendar with the sun.
	www.geocities.com /wwwtimto/maya.html (381 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| 2012 Calendar Convergence \| apocalypse Aztec dreamspell calendar 2012 ...
		The Julian calendar, standardized in 46 BCE, was revised by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 CE.
		There was also a Long Count calendar which started at [0.0.0.0.0] (with Maya record) on August 11, 3114 BCE according to the ‘Goodman, Martinez-Hernandez, and Thompson’ correlation (nicknamed "GMT"), the most widely accepted correlation between the Maya and Gregorian calendar.
		When the Aztecs found the ruins of the city of Teotihuacan, it was already ancient, having been settled in the second century BC.
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /converg.html (2871 words)

	Aztec Calendar
		The Aztecs used two different calenders, one measured time, while the other was used to fix religious festivals.
		At the center of the Aztecs' calendar stone is the sun god, Tonatiuh.
		Also, eclipses of the sun were foretold by the calendar stone.
	library.thinkquest.org /27981/calendar.html (343 words)

	Aztec Calendar
		The Solar calendar which was carved out of a single 25 ton stone, obviously from a much larger stone, continues to baffle our scientists and scholars as to how it was even constructed in the first place.
		We must understand that in the Aztec view, time is not linear so much as many-layered, with unique events and circular, recurrent themes.
		Quetzalcoatl 's promise to return was believed to have contributed to the later defeat of the Aztec ruler Montezuma II who mistook Hernan Cortez for the famed God and welcomed him with religous awe--and therefore granted him special protection.
	www.stargatefiles.com /aztec_calendar.html (902 words)

	Calendar and Dia de Los Muertos
		There was also the 260-day festival calendar, with the conjunction between it and the solar calendar occurring every 52 years, when both began their new years.
		The 260-day calendar, called a tzolkin, is a lunar calendar, highly developed by the Mayans and associated with the 90month period of human gestation.
		The numbers are important: twenty was based on the digits of a "whole man" (i.e., fingers and toes); the thirteen numbers represented their philosophy of thirteen directions in space, as well as the 13 times the moon orbits the earth in a year.
	www.carnaval.com /dead/threedaydead.htm (1086 words)

	The Gnostic Store Aztec Solar Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The calendar is actually two: the Xiupohualli or the count of the days and the Tonalpohualli or the count of destiny.
		The calendar had to be consulted by the priests before engaging in any activity, whether it was farming, warfare, religion or commerce.
		The Aztecs attributed the invention of the calendar to the God Quetzalcoatl.
	www.gnosticstore.org /servlet/Detail?no=67 (219 words)

	Aztec Community
		The calendar is evidence of the Aztec's knowledge of astronomy and mathematics.
		The Aztecs did not have animals or plows to help them on the land, so farming was a laborious activity throughout their existence.
		The Aztecs knew the power of the herbs, therefore they spent a great deal of time finding out what each one did, and what diseases they could be used to treat.
	www2.truman.edu /~marc/webpages/nativesp99/aztecs/aztec_template.html (1429 words)

	The Aztec Calendar is based on Math and Design
		History says that these people used their time-measuring calendar to fix the time for planting crops and the religious calendar was used for worshipping.
		For instance, the day count in the calendar began with 1-Crocodile and thereafter it continued with 2-wind, 3-house, 4-lizard etc. The day was reset to 1 after the completion of the 13-day cycle.
		Both the religious and time calendars of the Aztecs ran together and the same day in each coincided once in every 52 years.
	www.native-languages.org /composition/aztec-calendar.html (442 words)

	Introduction to the Aztec Calendar
		Mistakenly, one often refers to the Sun Stone, or the Stone of Axayacatl, as the Aztec Calendar.
		In Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, it is called the tonalpohualli or, the day-count.
		These are Calli, Tochtli, Acatl and Tecpatl for the Aztec calendar.
	www.azteccalendar.com /azteccalendar.html (597 words)

	Aztec Calendar
		There was a civil calendar made up of 18 months of 20 days each, which with the ominous nemontemi brought the total of the solar year to a tidy 365 days.
		The formula by which the two calendars were combined meant that no one date would be repeated for a period of 18,980 days.
		While the Gregorian calendar currently in use allots 365.2425 days for each year, the remarkable Mexicas were a bit closer to the mark at 365.2420 days.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/mysfifthsun.html (1190 words)

	Cultural Calendars -- The Calendar Zone
		The lunar calendar was used to determine feasting or fasting days, and the solar calendar to mark the passing of days, months, and years.
		Genealogy in France: Republican Calendar -- Also known as " French Revolutionaly Calendar ", this calendar was in used in France from 1793 to 1805, and 1871 (only in Paris).
		Maya Calendar -- The Maya Calendar was the center of Maya life and their greatest achievement.
	www.calendarzone.com /Cultural (1575 words)

	The Mayan Calendar -The origin
		In his book "The Milpa and the Origin of the Maya Calendar", Paulino Romero Conde puts forth the theory of the Tzolkin being the initial Maya calendar and how it is linked to the milpa, a system used by the Maya to cultivate corn.
		Finally they agreed to create a 360 day year for calendric calculations they called Tun, it was divided in 18 months of 20 days, called the Uinal, each with a distinct name and numbers from 0 to 19 were also given to their component days.
		In this calendar the uayeb were placed just before the beginning of the astronomical year.
	www.mayacalendar.com /origen.html (591 words)

	Prehispanic Calendars
		Year 1-13 Sign Day 1-13 Sign Month Name [19] Day# The Aztec (also known as Mexica or Nahua) calendar is derived from the Maya but excludes the long count and adds a year name which is also formed with a numeral (1-13) and 1 of 4 signs in a cycle of 52 years (Xiuhmolpilli).
		The correlation with the Gregorian calendar is due to Alfonso Caso.
		Their calendar then presents 4 subdivisions of that period of 65 days (Cocijo) with smaller subdivisions of 13 days (Cocij) named according to the name of the first day.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~rjsalvad/scmfaq/calendar.html (442 words)

	CALENDAR OF THE AZTEC SUN (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This calendar was divided in 13 months of 20 days each one.
		The 18 months of the 365 day solar calendar, received the following names: atlacahualo, tlacaxipehualiztli, tozoztontli, hueytozoztli, txcatl, etzalcualiztli, tecuilhuitontli, hueytecuilthuitli, tlaxochimaco, hueymiccailhuitl, ochpaniztli, pachtontli, hueypachtli, quecholli, panquetzaliztli, atemoztli, tititl, izcalli, and namontemi.
		The Mexicas believed that the calendar had been invented by Oxomoco and Cipactonal.
	mexico.udg.mx /historia/precolombinas/ingles/Azteca/calendario.html (158 words)

	AZTEC (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Huitzilopochtli is credited with inducing the Aztecs to migrate from their homeland in "Aztlan" and begin the long wanderings which brought their tribe to the Mexico Valley.
		Huitzilopochtli was carried during the wandering years by four God "bearers" and he is represented as a combination hummingbird and serpent tail being carried seated on a blue wooden bench in the form of a liter.
		According to Aztec legend, Coatlicue, goddess of the earth had given birth to the moon and stars.
	www.homestead.com /summoningspirit/AZTEC.html (3143 words)

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