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Topic: Azygos vein

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	Azygos vein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The azygos vein is so named because it is unpaired, having no matching vein on the left side of the body.
		It is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, ascending in the posterior mediastinum, and arching over the root of the right lung to join the superior vena cava.
		VEINS: axillary - brachial - radial - ulnar - median cubital - basilic - cephalic
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Azygos_vein (400 words)

	CHEST: Azygos vein varix mimicking mediastinal mass in a patient with liver cirrhosis : a case report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The etiology of the azygos varix was portal hypertension secondary to liver cirrhosis.
		The azygos vein connects with the portal system through the cervical esophageal vein, which then merges with various groups of veins from the lower esophagus, stomach, small intestine, spleen, large intestine, and rectum to form the portal vein at the hilum of the liver.
		Azygos vein varix may be important in preventing variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_2_127/ai_n11852119 (1381 words)

	Chapter 24: Blood vessels, lymphatic drainage and nerves of the thorax
		The azygos vein (Gk, a zygon, "unpaired") is formed by small vessels (such as the right subcostal and right ascending lumbar veins), and it ascends through the posterior and superior mediastinum.
		The veins in the vertebral plexus are valveless: blood may flow in either direction, and pressure in them is reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid.
		Veins of the thoracic wall (such as the thoraco-epigastric veins, which are superficially placed) connect the superior and inferior venae cavae and can provide a collateral circulation in obstruction of one of the venae cavae.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_4/chapter_24.html (2987 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 667 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		azygos; vena azygos major) begins opposite the first or second lumbar vertebra, by a branch, the ascending lumbar vein (page 678); sometimes by a branch from the right renal vein, or from the inferior vena cava.
		It receives veins from the three or four intercostal spaces between the highest left intercostal vein and highest tributary of the hemiazygos; the left bronchial vein sometimes opens into it.
		When this vein is small, or altogether wanting, the left highest intercostal vein may extend as low as the fifth or sixth intercostal space.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page667.html (682 words)

	Azygos Arch Valves: Prevalence and Appearance at Contrast-enhanced CT -- Yeh et al. 230 (1): 111 -- Radiology
		Azygos arch specimen from 19-year-old patient with acute leukemia and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
		of the azygos vein (Fig 4) and of an azygos lobe (Fig 6) was
		cusps of the azygos valve was not contiguous with the refluxed
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/230/1/111 (3495 words)

	CHEST: An Asymptomatic Right Tracheobronchial Mass on Chest Radiograph - .azygos, or unpaired inferior vena cava - ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The three main segments of the supracardinal vein eventually have different fates: the upper part becomes the azygos vein, the lower part forms the postrenal segment of the IVC, and the middle part normally undergoes obliteration.
		The postrenal segment is derived from the supracardinal vein, the renal segment from the subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis, the prerenal segment from the right subcardinal vein, and the hepatic segment from the hepatic veins and sinusoids.
		Radiographically, dilation of the azygos vein is manifested as a round or oval shadow in the right tracheobronchial angle, measuring [is greater than] 10 mm in the erect position or [is greater than] 15 mm in the supine position.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_5_119/ai_75372764 (968 words)

	COMPARATIVE MACROANATOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE HEART IN AKKARAMAN SHEEP AND ANGORA GOATS
		The veins were dissected, and it was shown that the middle cardiac vein and the great coronary vein coursed with the branches of the coronary arteries with which they anastomosed.
		The left marginal vein originates from the near part of the apex of the left ventricle and continues towards the basis of the heart along the caudal border of the heart.
		We found that the middle cardiac vein coursed under the myocardial bridges at the distal half of the subsinuosal interventricular groove and terminated at the coronary sinus in sheep and goats.
	www.isrvma.org /article/56_1_7.htm (1705 words)

	Idiopathic azygos vein aneurysm: a rare cause of mediastinal mass -- Gallego et al. 54 (7): 653 -- Thorax
		Idiopathic azygos vein aneurysm: a rare cause of mediastinal mass -- Gallego et al.
		The aetiology of the azygos aneurysm was unknown,
		Veins are composed of three layers: the intima, the media, and the adventitia.
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/54/7/653 (1100 words)

	Azygos Arch Valves: Prevalence and Appearance at Contrast-enhanced CT -- Yeh et al. 230 (1): 111 -- Radiology
		Gross specimen of azygos arch demonstrates a diaphanous bicuspid valve with one transected leaflet pulled to the side (arrow) and anchored to the commissure (arrowhead).
		(a) Refluxed contrast material opacifies the azygos vein, demonstrating a bulge in the azygos vein anteriorly (arrow) and a relatively slender appearance of the vein posteriorly.
		A bulge is seen in the azygos vein at the level of the azygos valve.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/figsonly/230/1/111 (545 words)

	Dissector Answers - Posterior Mediastinum
		Azygos vein system: serves to drain the back, the walls of the thorax and abdomen, and the mediastinal viscera.
		azygos vein: runs up the right side of the vertebrae, arching over the root of the right lung to join the superior vena cava.
		The Trachea and Bronchi - The Lungs - The Pulmonary Veins - The Thoracic Duct - The Vagus Nerve - Surface Anatomy of the Thorax - Surface Markings of the Thorax
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /cardiovascular_system/post_med_ans.html (2397 words)

	Spectrum of Congenital Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava: Cross-sectional Imaging Findings: (CME available in print ...
		the thorax as the azygos vein (Fig 4).
		The vessel parallel to the aorta under the crus is the azygos vein.
		The development of the veins in the domestic cat (felis domestica) with especial reference, 1) to the share taken by the supracardinal vein in the development of the postcava and azygous vein and 2) to the interpretation of the variant conditions of the postcava and its tributaries, as found in the adult.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/20/3/639 (7494 words)

	Plasma Level of Transforming Growth Factor {beta}1 Measured from the Azygos Vein Predicts Prognosis in Patients with ...
		intraoperatively from the azygos vein in patients with esophageal
		Survival curves according to the plasma transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 level measured from the azygos vein in patients with esophageal cancer.
		measured from the azygos vein and metastasis to distant lymph
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/8/2738 (2439 words)

	An Asymptomatic Right Tracheobronchial Mass on Chest Radiograph -- Lee et al. 119 (5): 1582 -- Chest
		veins, the lower vena cava, and the renal veins with the dilated
		Radiographically, dilation of the azygos vein is manifested
		Petersen, RW (1965) Infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation (persistent cardinal vein).
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/119/5/1582 (826 words)

	Esophageal cancer complicated with azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava -- Palotás et al. 2 (3): 361 -- ...
		Dilated azygos vein and arch (asterisk) along with an absent intrathoracic inferior vena cava reconfirm azygos-caval anomaly.
		the azygos vein, with an uneventful postoperative recovery.
		structures, the anomalous azygos vein was not free of neoplastic
	icvts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/3/361 (1186 words)

	Azygos Vein Laceration Due to Blunt Trauma. Shkrum MJ, Green RN, Shum DT . 1991;36(2): 410-421. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Abstract: The azygos vein ascends along the thoracic spine through the mediastinum and drains into the superior vena cava at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra.
		The vein can also be torn, in the absence of skeletal injuries, by horizontal acceleration/deceleration forces.
		Azygos vein laceration seems to be an uncommon cause of hemothorax and hemomediastinum; however, this injury is probably more frequent than is implied by the few cases described in the medical literature.
	journalsip.astm.org /jofs/PAGES/1517.htm (151 words)

	Human Anatomy - Lab 21 Step 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Retract the esophagus laterally and to the left to expose the azygos vein
		On the right side, the azygos vein receives venous blood from a number of posterior intercostal veins [probe] (from the fifth through the eleventh intercostal spaces) and the right superior intercostal vein [probe].
		The azygos vein arches above the root of the right lung and enters the superior vena cava about the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra (Figure 21.5).
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/haonline/labs/l21/120100.htm (86 words)

	Article : 55th Conference of IRIA, Kolkata, 2002 ; Author : MD Rahalkar ; Co-Author(s) : ; Vol / Issue : 12 No.01 Feb ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Less commonly it may be associated with hepatic interruption of IVC with Azygos or Hemiazygos continuation and varying courses of left and right renal veins, or Polysplenia syndrome, which consists of dextro-cardia, polysplenia/asplenia, ambiguous situs, bilateral left-sidedness, short pancreas, mal-rotation of gut and common coelico-mesentric trunk, as reported by Dwivedi et al [5].
		Dilated azygos vein is continuing as IVC and located under the right crus.
		Brener[6] reported that 40% of retro-aortic renal veins were injured in a large group of patients undergoing surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
	www.ijri.org /articles/archives/2002-12-1/dr_ngmemorial_109.htm (1796 words)

	Angiographic Findings of Persistent Primitive Hepatic Venous Plexus with Underdevelopment of the Infrahepatic Inferior ...
		vein and the hepatic sinusoids; a prerenal segment, derived
		of the primitive subcardinal and supracardinal veins; and a
		as the precursor of the hepatic veins and contributes to the
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/175/5/1397 (2895 words)

	Posterior mediastinal lesion--aneurysm of azygos vein -- Dilege et al. 26 (1): 215 -- European Journal of ...
		Posterior mediastinal lesion--aneurysm of azygos vein -- Dilege et al.
		Exploratory thoracotomy has revealed azygos vein aneurysm which had collaterals from intercostal veins, widened in to the posterior mediasten.
		Azygos vein aneurysm has been resected with ligation of azygos vein.
	ejcts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/1/215 (139 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein pass through the aortic opening in the diaphragm.
		The azygos vein ends in the superior vena cava.
		The hemiazygos vein ends in the azygos vein.
	kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/tk05.wbc (352 words)

	Multi-Detector Row and Volume-rendered CT of the Normal and Accessory Flow Pathways of the Thoracic Systemic and ...
		cardiac and pericardiophrenic veins, and vein grafts; the azygos,
		The connection to the phrenic vein (short white arrow), the right internal mammary vein (straight fl arrow), and an unnamed collateral vessel (curved arrow) are also seen.
		vein, and the inferior one is the hemiazygos vein (Fig 10d,
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/22/suppl_1/S45 (7649 words)

	TheFetus.net - Azygos vein, normal course-Francois Manson, MD
		Color Doppler view demonstrating an inverted flow in the aorta and the azygos vein.
		The intercostal veins are seen draining into the azygos vein.
		This view is necessary to affirm that the visibilty of the azygos vein is normal and that there is no abnormal azygos venous return (in which case the azygos arch would be much larger).
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=1488 (124 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5297344 - Azygos vein abutting the posterior wall of the right main and upper lobe bronchi: a normal CT variant
		Azygos vein abutting the posterior wall of the right main and upper lobe bronchi: a normal CT variant
		In 9% of 78 normal tomographic examinations, the azygos vein was interposed between the posterior wall of the right-main or right-upper-lobe bronchi and lung in the azygoesophageal recess.^ Observation of the azygos vein on contiguous scans will generally allow a confident identification of this normal variant.^ Contrast enhancement will elucidate difficult cases.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5297344 (156 words)

	Hepatic vein-to-azygos vein connection in a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava -- Kaneko et al. 21 (3): 582 -- ...
		Hepatic vein-to-azygos vein connection in a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava -- Kaneko et al.
		Hepatic vein-to-azygos vein connection in a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava
		shunt leaving the hepatic vein connected to the common atrium
	ejcts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/21/3/582 (245 words)

	Early primary Kawashima operation combined with direct hepatic vein-to-azygos vein connection: A new logical approach ...
		Early primary Kawashima operation combined with direct hepatic vein-to-azygos vein connection: A new logical approach -- Amodeo et al.
		Early primary Kawashima operation combined with direct hepatic vein-to-azygos vein connection: A new logical approach
		This is caused by an intrinsic tendency for deep vein thromboses
	jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/extract/129/4/949 (259 words)

	Azygos Vein Aneurysm: Contribution of Transesophageal Echography -- Léna et al. 61 (4): 1253 -- The Annals of ...
		Azygos Vein Aneurysm: Contribution of Transesophageal Echography -- Léna et al.
		We report a case of idiopathic aneurysm of the azygos vein associated
		Partial thrombosis of an idiopathic azygos vein aneurysm
	ats.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/61/4/1253 (236 words)

	Azygos Vein Agenesis and PAPVR: A Potential Surgical Hazard -- Black and Freedom 64 (6): 1829 -- The Annals of Thoracic ...
		Azygos Vein Agenesis and PAPVR: A Potential Surgical Hazard -- Black and Freedom 64 (6): 1829 -- The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
		Azygos Vein Agenesis and PAPVR: A Potential Surgical Hazard
		Michael D. Black, MD Robert M. Freedom, MD Divisions of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
	ats.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/64/6/1829 (154 words)

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