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	B cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response).
		B cells are characterised immunohistochemically in humans by the presence of CD20 on the cell membrane.
		B cells are continuously produced in the bone marrow, but only a small portion of newly made B cells survive to participate a part in the long-lived peripheral B cell pool.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/B_lymphocytes (660 words)

	Lymphocyte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		T cells are chiefly responsible for cell-mediated immunity whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies).
		T cells are named such because these lymphocytes mature in the thymus; B cells, named for the bursa of Fabricius in which they mature in bird species, are thought to mature in the bone marrow in humans.
		A lymphocyte count is part of a peripheral complete blood cell count and is expressed as percentage of lymphocytes to total white blood cells counted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lymphocytes (539 words)

	B lymphocytes
		Lymphocytes are smaller than phagocytes and their nucleus fills most of the cell.
		There are 2 main types of B lymphocytes: plasma cells and memory cells.
		The primary response is slow as few B cells are specific to the antigen.
	www.projectalevel.co.uk /biology/blymphocytes.htm (212 words)

	E2A regulation in splenic B cells from aging mice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In B lymphocytes, the active DNA-binding complex consists of E47 homodimers (5), whereas in non B cells E47 binds DNA as a heterodimer with cell-restricted bHLH proteins, such as MyoD or NeuroD (6).
		B cells were isolated from the spleens of young (2-4 months of age) and old (24-27 months of age) BALB/c mice, using anti-B220 Microbeads (Miltenyi), according to the MiniMacs protocol.
		We have shown that unstimulated splenic B cells show very low E47 protein levels as well as E47 DNA-binding and that, upon B cell activation, E47 expression and DNA-binding are strongly induced in young and, to a significantly lesser extent, in old mice.
	www.med.miami.edu /mnbws/Blomberg86.html (812 words)

	The Scripps Research Institute - Scientfic Report 2004
		Because V(D)J recombination is imperfect and error prone, pre-B and B cells are endowed with sensing mechanisms to detect protein expression of heavy chains and assembled heavy and light chains (i.e., intact surface IgM).
		Previously, we showed that B cells with autoreactive receptors do not downregulate recombination because of excessive signaling through the antigen receptor, resulting in “receptor editing,” a process in which previously expressed genes for antibody light chains are inactivated and replaced by secondary DNA recombination.
		These results suggest that quality control of newly formed B lymphocytes is surprisingly stringent and that through recombinase regulation, B cells are often able to “repair” unacceptable light-chain genes by replacing the unacceptable genes with new genes.
	www.scripps.edu /news/sr/sr2004/imm04nemazee.html (707 words)

	Prions
		The observation by Klein et al., that mature B lymphocytes participate in neuroinvasion, should lead to an increasingly precise appreciation of the molecular basis of scrapie pathogenesis.
		B lymphocytes contacting terminal nerve endings in the spleen could be the most efficient route; other lymphoid-tissue sites and transfer cells might be less efficient; and direct contact with nerve endings (short-circuiting the lympho-reticular system) least efficient of all.
		When we know precisely how B lymphocytes influence neuroinvasion, it may be possible to nullify their effect without resorting to wholesale elimination strategies.
	www.mad-cow.org /b_cells.html (3390 words)

	IPOPI - International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies
		Because there is a severe defect in both (combined) B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte systems SCID is generally considered as to be the most serious of the primary immunodeficiency diseases.
		The bone marrow stem cells, from which the mature B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes develop, are defective or absent.
		Lymphocytes, which proliferate greatly during their maturation, are injured by these accumulating toxic metabolites.
	www.ipopi.org /pidinfo/scid.htm (761 words)

	Lymphocytes are small white blood cells that bear the major responsibility for carrying out the activities of the ...
		Lymphocytes are small white blood cells that bear the major responsibility for carrying out the activities of the immune system; they number about one trillion.
		The two major classes of lymphocytes are: B cells, which grow to maturity independent of the thymus, and T cells, which are processed in the thymus.
		Although small lymphocytes look identical, even under the microscope, they can be told apart by means of distinctive molecules they carry on their cell surface.
	home.gci.net /~blessing/pages/lymphocytes.htm (463 words)

	AEGiS-03CROI: HIV-1 replication in CD40-activated human B lymphocytes.
		To study the effect of HIV-1 exposure on the proliferation and maturation of B lymphocytes, HIV-1 was added to the culture of CD40 activated B cells.
		B lymphocytes got readily infected as demonstrated by PCR analysis of proviral DNA.
		This decrease could not be attributed to a reduction of B cells expressing surface immunoglobulin molecules of the VH3 family.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/croi/1996/483.html (266 words)

	B lymphocytes shown to ferry HIV
		Moir explains that B cells are not a hidden reservoir of HIV, however, because they do not house internalized, replicating virus, and the amount of B-cell-bound virus decreases as HIV levels decline in the blood.
		Now that the researchers have found a role for B cells in HIV infection, they are testing to see if the HIV in infected T cells is genetically related to that on the B cells.
		B cells of HIV-1-infected patients bind virions through CD21-complement interactions and transmit infectious virus to activated T cells.
	www.bioresearchonline.com /content/news/article.asp?DocID={6A49C97D-7EC0-11D4-8C5D-009027DE0829}&VNETCOOKIE=NO (734 words)

	B-Cells --Lymphocytes -- Biotechnology Encyclopedia
		bone marrow, where B cells are produced in all other vertebrates.
		ELISPOT technique, which can determine the percentage of B cells that secrete any particular antibody.
		Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for demonstrating how B cells create the enormous diversity of antibodies from only a few genes.
	www.biotech100.com /biotechnology_encyclopedia/b_cells.htm (213 words)

	Re: Are B lymphocytes pre-T lymphocytes?
		B cells and T cells are the two cell types that comprise the adaptive immune system.
		B cells (originally named because they were found in the Bursa of Fabricius in birds) are the cells that produce immunoglobulin, otherwise known as antibodies.
		B cells have molecules on their surface that mark them as B cells, such as immunoglobulin, CD19 and Ig alpha and Ig beta.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/2001-04/987816119.Im.r.html (256 words)

	How Lymphocytes Produce Antibody
		Bacterial peptides are similarly processed and displayed on MHC II molecules on the surface of B lymphocytes.
		When a T lymphocyte "sees" the same peptide on the macrophage and on the B cell, the T cell stimulates the B cell to turn on antibody production.
		The stimulated B cell undergoes repeated cell divisions, enlargement and differentiation to form a clone of antibody secreting plasma cells.
	www.cellsalive.com /antibody.htm (256 words)

	Research: Paolo Casali, M.D.
		Our laboratory focuses on the analysis of the diversity of the human B cell repertoire and its changes in the responses to self and foreign antigens, and in the establishment of B cell neoplasia.
		We segregated CD5[+] B lymphocytes as a discrete cell subset and shown that they display unique features, including the production of antibodies to antigens of the self and to antigens on a variety of pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
		Because of the binding activities of the antibodies they produce, CD5[+] B cells play an important role in the primary line of defense against infections and may contribute to the establishment of autoimmunity.
	www.med.nyu.edu /Research/P.Casali-res.html (396 words)

	Researcher Profile: Jelinek, Diane F, Ph.D.
		After B lymphocytes are activated by the first signal, the second type of signal is mediated by a variety of soluble protein molecules called cytokines.
		During a normal B cell immune response, B cell proliferation is an integral aspect of B cell differentiation into immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells.
		B-CLL is characterized by the massive accumulation in blood of monoclonal B cells with the appearance of small mature B lymphocytes.
	mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/staff/jelinek_df.cfm (829 words)

	B Cells and T Cells
		Lymphocytes are one of the five kinds of white blood cells or leukocytes), circulating in the blood.
		B cells are not only produced in the bone marrow but also mature there.
		Each B cell and T cell is specific for a particular antigen.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/B_and_Tcells.html (1889 words)

	Cutting Edge: Role of B Lymphocytes in Protective Immunity Against Salmonella typhimurium Infection -- Mittrücker ...
		A B cell-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin mu chain gene.
		The B cell is the initiating antigen-presenting cell in peripheral lymph nodes.
		The role of B cells in the establishment of T cell response in mice infected with an intracellular bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/164/4/1648 (3039 words)

	Interleukin-10 modulates the sensitivity of peritoneal B lymphocytes to chemokines with opposite effects on stromal ...
		the response of peritoneal B lymphocytes to SDF-1.
		(B) The level of CXCR4 and CXCR5 expression by peritoneal B lymphocytes was evaluated by RT-PCR in freshly isolated cells (lane 4) or in cells cultured for 2 hours without (lane 5) or with IL-10 (lane 6).
		B lymphocyte chemotaxis regulated in association with microanatomic localization, differentiation state, and B cell receptor engagement.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/99/2/427 (6656 words)

	Lipopolysaccharide Protects Primary B Lymphocytes from Apoptosis by Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Bax ...
		Mature B lymphocytes were purified as previously described (39).
		B cells were cultured for 15 h, as indicated, in medium alone or in the presence of 5 µg of LPS/ml, 10 nM STR, or LPS plus STR.
		Ontogeny of murine B lymphocytes: sequence of B-cell differentiation from surface-immunoglobulin-negative precursors to plasma cells.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/6/3260 (3994 words)

	Suppression of the immune response by a soluble complement receptor of B lymphocytes -- Hebell et al. 254 (5028): 102 ...
		Suppression of the immune response by a soluble complement receptor of B lymphocytes -- Hebell et al.
		The CD19-CR2 complex of B lymphocytes contains proteins that participate in two host-defense systems, the immune and complement systems.
		B Cell Receptors and Complement Receptors Target the Antigen to Distinct Intracellular Compartments.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/254/5028/102 (1174 words)

	Redundant Role of Tissue-Selective TAFII105 in B Lymphocytes -- Freiman et al. 22 (18): 6564 -- Molecular and Cellular ...
		B cells are able to proliferate in response to LPS.
		of B lymphocytes that proliferated in response to LPS.
		B cell development and immunoglobulin gene transcription in the absence of Oct-2 and OBF-1.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/22/18/6564 (3984 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: B and T cell screen
		Once the cells are separated, identifiers are added to distinguish between T and B lymphocytes.
		The E-rosetting test identifies T cells and direct immunofluorescence is used to identify B cells.
		It may also be used to distinguish between benign and malignant lymphocytic disease.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003329.htm (568 words)

	Demonstration by single-cell PCR that Reed-Sternberg cells and bystander B lymphocytes are infected by different ...
		Demonstration by single-cell PCR that Reed-Sternberg cells and bystander B lymphocytes are infected by different Epstein-Barr virus strains in Hodgkin's disease -- Faumont et al.
		EBV-positive bystander lymphocytes were extremely scarce in these cases and thus not detected by PCR from total DNA extracted from the lymph node.
		B activation by latent infection membrane protein 1, the Epstein–Barr virus transforming protein.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/5/1169 (3060 words)

	Correspondence re R. Lapointe et al., CD40-stimulated B Lymphocytes Pulsed with Tumor Antigens Are Effective ...
		Maecker B, Sherr DH, Vonderheide RH, et al The shared tumor-associated antigen cytochrome P450 1B1 is recognized by specific cytotoxic T cells.
		Antigen-specific B lymphocytes have the capacity to uptake antigens
		T lymphocytes specific to viral (2) and tumor antigens (3 4 5).
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/11/4055 (2328 words)

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