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Topic: B83 nuclear bomb

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	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Nuclear weapon yield
		B53 nuclear bomb: 9Mt, most powerful US warhead; no longer in active service, but 50 are retained as part of the "Hedge" portion of the Enduring Stockpile; similar to the W-53 warhead that has been used in the Titan II Missile, decommissioned in 1987.
		The Hiroshima bomb, "Little Boy", is estimated to have been between 12 and 18 kt (a 20% margin of error), while the Nagasaki bomb, "Fat Man", is estimated to be between 18 and 23 kt (a 10% margin of error).
		Nuclear testing yields, as in the Tsar Bomba example, can also be used as a way of reflecting upon technical expertise, and claiming higher yields or accusations of lower yields can be used as a way of promoting or disparaging the technical abilities of a nuclear program.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Nuclear_weapon_yield (1673 words)

	B83 nuclear bomb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The B83 nuclear weapon is a variable-yield gravity bomb developed by the United States in the late 1970s, entering service in 1983.
		The bomb is 12 ft (3.67 m) long, with a diameter of 18 in (457 mm).
		The B83 is one of the weapons which has been considered for use in the Robust nuclear earth penetrator program, otherwise known as Nuclear bunker buster.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/B83_nuclear_bomb (341 words)

	Pakistan Nuclear Bomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It attempts to understand pakistan nuclear bomb and challenge the causes pakistan nuclear bomb and consequences of the nuclearization of South Asia, pakistan nuclear bomb and to confront governments that see nuclear weapons as moments of glory in an otherwise dismal contemporary history.
		B57 nuclear bomb - The B57 nuclear bomb was a low-yield tactical nuclear weapon used by the United States during the Cold War.
		B61 nuclear bomb - The B61 nuclear bomb is the primary thermonuclear weapon in the U.S. B83 nuclear bomb - The B83 nuclear weapon is a variable-yield gravity bomb developed by the United States.
	wo33.mirrorsys.com /pakistannuclearbomb.html (873 words)

	International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The number of casualties from a nuclear EPW attack would depend on the location of the target, the density of the surrounding population, the extent of debris dispersal, and the possibility of escape or evacuation.
		Detonation of a nuclear weapon in the air thousands of feet above the ground – as was the case for the bombs used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki – results in an extensive area of blast and heat damage, much greater than the area damaged by a weapon detonated at ground level.
		Furthermore, the use of low-yield nuclear weapons may lead to weakening the restraints against the use of nuclear weapons of greater yield and in other environments, such as in the air, underwater, and in space.
	www.ippnw.org /NukeEPWsFull.html (3887 words)

	NRDC: Nuclear Data - Table of US Strategic Nuclear Forces, 2002
		It also endorses significant revisions to the nuclear war planning process to enhance flexibility and responsiveness, which would allow the Pentagon to generate new nuclear attack plans and to have them approved quickly in a crisis.
		There are extensive and expensive plans to revitalize U.S. nuclear forces, and all the elements that support them, within a so-called "New Triad" of capabilities that combine nuclear and conventional offensive forces with missile defenses supported by a revitalized nuclear weapons infrastructure.
		The U.S. retains approximately 1,620 non-strategic nuclear weapons, consisting of 1,300 B61 gravity bombs of three modifications and 320 Tomahawk Land-Attack Cruise Missiles (TLAM/N), a portion of which are in reserve or inactive.
	www.nrdc.org /nuclear/nudb/datab11.asp (4699 words)

	U.S. nuclear forces, 2000 \| thebulletin.org
		The first 16 planes are "Block 10" versions, able to carry the B83 nuclear bomb (and the Mk 84 conventional bomb).
		The last two planes, "Block 30" versions, are able to carry both types of nuclear bombs and an assortment of conventional bombs, munitions, and missiles.
		As a result of the NPR, the nuclear Tomahawk mission for surface vessels was eliminated, but the option was retained to re-deploy them on attack submarines, though none are currently deployed.
	www.thebulletin.org /article_nn.php?art_ofn=mj00norris (2342 words)

	U.S. strategic nuclear forces, end of 1997 \| thebulletin.org
		The first 16 planes were produced as Block 10 versions, able to carry the B83 nuclear bomb and the Mk 84 conventional bomb.
		As of the end of 1997, the B-1s have been removed from the SIOP mission and the bombs for the planes that were stored in Weapons Storage Areas (WSA) at Ellsworth and Dyess have been moved to other bases.
		All B-52Gs have been retired and of the 104 H models originally built, 93 are left; 58 with the 2d Bomb Wing at Barksdale AFB, Louisiana, 35 with the 5th Bomb Wing at Minot, North Dakota, and two test planes at Edwards AFB.
	www.thebulletin.org /article_nn.php?art_ofn=jf98norris (2113 words)

	The B83 Bomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The megaton class B83 is the most modern nuclear bomb in the U.S. arsenal.
		The B83 was the first U.S. nuclear weapon to enter development engineering with the design requirement that insensitive high explosive be used.
		The B83 is descended from the earlier B-77 bomb program which was terminated due to cost, complexity, and weight of the bomb delivery system.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Usa/Weapons/B83.html (651 words)

	CNS - New Nuclear Weapons? - May 28, 2003 - Research Story of the Week
		The two nuclear options are modifying existing nuclear weapons and developing new nuclear weapons while the third option is determining whether conventional weapons could destroy or disable deeply buried bunkers.
		Although proponents of nuclear bunker busters claim that such weapons are needed to neutralize chemical and biological agents in bunkers, independent studies have questioned whether nuclear weapons would be effective at chemical and biological agent neutralization and whether they would lead to dispersal of these agents.
		He would know that a nuclear weapon was used and would likely request authority to respond with a nuclear weapon and would probably not weigh out an exact proportionate response with a nuclear weapon of an equivalent yield.
	cns.miis.edu /pubs/week/030528.htm (5164 words)

	B83 Modern Strategic Bomb
		The B83 has delivery and fuzing options that include free-fall air or ground burst, retarded air burst, and retarded ground burst or delayed ground burst (or "laydown").
		In essence, the function of the WSS is to identify hazards inherent in the weapon itself, and to provide a summary of the analyses concerning mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical insults to a nuclear weapon.
		The B83 is one of the most modern nuclear weapons in the stockpile.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/systems/b83.htm (845 words)

	Pakistan Nuclear Bomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While everything from anthrax to botulism to dirty bombs poses a threat, most of us are ignorant of the clear pakistan nuclear bomb and present danger.
		Fission Bombs Fission bombs derive their power from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power - a single nuclear weapon is capable of destroying a city.
		Types of weapons Common Types There are 3 common types of nuclear bombs, two of them generating radiation in different ways and one of them generating radiation in different ways and one of them using radioactive material to countries.
	de74.markleeforcontroller.com /pakistannuclearbomb.html (1162 words)

	Arms Control Association: Fact Sheets: New Nuclear Policies, New Weapons, New Dangers
		New nuclear weapons intended to enhance the credibility and range of options for the use of nuclear weapons would also diminish the firewall that has separated nuclear and conventional warfare since the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
		The active pursuit of new, more “usable” nuclear weapons capabilities would increase proliferation dangers by signaling to would-be nuclear-weapon states that such weapons are necessary to deter a potential U.S. attack and by sending a green light to the world’s nuclear states that it is permissible to use them.
		In the interest of delegitimizing the role of nuclear weapons and strengthening U.S. efforts to dissuade their use by states such as Pakistan and India and to persuade other states not to acquire them, the United States should refrain from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons first.
	www.armscontrol.org /factsheets/newnuclearweaponsissuebrief.asp (3664 words)

	B83 Thermonuclear Bomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The B83 nuclear weapon is a variable-yield gravity bomb developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California beginning in the late 1970s.
		The B83 replaced several earlier weapons and was the first U.S. nuclear weapon designed from the start to avoid accidental detonation, with the use of "insensitive" explosive in the trigger lens system.
		The B83 can be deployed by a wide range of aircraft, including the A-6, A-7, AV-8B, B-2, B-52, F-15, F-16, F/A-18, and F-22.
	www.hill.af.mil /museum/photos/coldwar/B83.htm (200 words)

	Oppose New Nuclear Weapons Today
		This new nuclear weapon, also known as the nuclear "bunker buster," is being promoted as a useful tool in attacking deeply buried command centers or underground stores of chemical and biological weapons.
		This nuclear weapon is not needed, sets the United States on a new course of developing nuclear war fighting weapons, and sends a counterproductive message to the international community at a time when we are trying to discourage other nations from developing nuclear weapons.
		A simulation of RNEP used against the Esfahan nuclear facility in Iran, using the software developed for the Pentagon, showed that 3 million people would be killed by radiation within 2 weeks of the explosion, and 35 million people in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India would be exposed to increased levels of cancer-causing radiation.
	ucsaction.org /ucsaction/alert-description.html?alert_id=3362937 (976 words)

	Institute for Defense&Disarmament Studies
		The Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) was a policy paper completed by the Bush administration at the end of 2001 set out planned reductions in US nuclear forces, to 14 Trident SSBNs, 500 Minuteman ICBMs, 76 B-52 bombers, and 21 B-2 bombers.
		The primary nuclear weapon carried by French strategic bombers is a medium-range air-to-surface missile, the ASMP (Air-Sol Moyenne Portee) with 300 kt TN 81 warheads and a range of 80ø250 km.
		Nuclear weapons in China are under the control of the Central Military Commission, headed by the president.
	www.idds.org /issNucForcesP5.html (5855 words)

	Current World Nuclear Arsenals
		The French nuclear arsenal, largely a legacy of De Gaulle's insistance on French strategic independence, is the third largest in the world.
		Yet in tandem with this reduction, France is undertaking a modernization of its sea-based deterrent force, with the first of a new SSBN class, the Le Triomphant, along with a new SLBM, the M-45.
		There are two interesting loopholes in Israel's oft-repeated pledge never to be the first to introduce nuclear weapons into the region: The U.S. "introduced" weapons in the region in the 1950's when nuclear bombs were stored at Dharan, Saudi Arabia and at sea in the Mediteranean Sixth Fleet.
	www.cdi.org /nuclear/database/nukestab.html (1174 words)

	Atomic Rocket: Space War: Weapons
		This is a reference to the nuclear scientist Hans Bethe and the Bethe-Weizsäcker or carbon-nitrogen cycle which powers the fusion reaction in the heart of stars like Sol.
		In fact, almost 90% of the bomb energy will appear as x-rays behaving as if they are from a point source (specifically 80% soft X-rays and 10% gamma), and subject to the good old inverse square law (i.e., the intensity will fall off very quickly with range).
		And remember from the discussion about nuclear weapons that there are 4.184e12 joules in a kiloton and 4.184e15 joules in a megaton.
	www.projectrho.com /rocket/rocket3x.html (17010 words)

	The Trouble with Bunker Busters
		If the United States is serious about preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the last thing we should do is develop a new generation that might never work as advertised.
		Because the United States is unlikely to know the precise location, size, and geometry of underground bunkers, a nuclear attack on a storage bunker containing chemical or biological agents could release those agents into the environment along with radioactive fallout (see Figure 2).
		Since it is hard to imagine any American president electing to use nuclear weapons when conventional alternatives are available, the RNEP program seems mainly designed to continue nuclear weapons research at the nation's weapons labs.
	www.ucsusa.org /publications/catalyst/bunkerbusters.html (924 words)

	Watching America
		The B-2 and B-52 bombers carry nuclear warheads with yields ranging from 500 kt to the 1-2 megatons of the B83 mega-bomb.
		Even after a nuclear attack on these facilities, not only will the element of uncertainty continue to linger in regard to Iran's nuclear quest, it may even spur Tehran into a more frenzied rush to get the bomb, in total disregard for the international community.
		Various studies have shown that for the blast to be fully contained, nuclear explosions must occur at a depth of 650 feet for a 5-kt weapon, and 1300 feet for a 100-kt explosive.
	www.watchingamerica.com /paktribune000009.shtml (1477 words)

	What's At Stake: New Nuclear Weapon Still Needs to be Stopped!
		The Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator (RNEP) is a nuclear weapon that would burrow a few yards into rock or concrete before exploding and thus generate a powerful underground shock wave.
		The B83 is the largest nuclear weapon in the U.S. arsenal, and nearly 100 times more powerful than the nuclear bomb used on Hiroshima.
		But to contain the yield of even just a one-kiloton nuclear warhead (less than 1/10th as powerful as the Hiroshima bomb), the bomb must have burrowedat least 200-300 feet.
	ucsaction.org /campaign/bunker_buster_7_20_05_national/explanation (631 words)

	Bush Plans New Nuclear Weapons
		The Bush administration is pushing ahead with the development of a new generation of weapons, dubbed 'mini-nukes', that use nuclear warheads to penetrate underground bunkers.
		They point to signs that nuclear weapons are being given a prominent role in the post-Cold War world, at a time when many others see them as obsolete.
		Since Bush announced a 'nuclear posture review' after coming to office, the administration has taken several steps to develop and modernize its nuclear arsenal to deter a wide range of threats, including chemical and biological weapons and what the review called 'surprising military developments'.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines03/1130-04.htm (903 words)

	US Nuclear Weapons
		It’s carrier, the ground-launched cruise missile, was eliminated by the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty of 1988.
		The 2001 Nuclear Posture Review indicated that the inactive stockpile will consist of warhead types in the active stockpile plus the W84 and B83 Mod 0, which have no active stockpile counterparts.
		In November 2001 President Bush announced his intention to reduce the United States’ operationally deployed strategic nuclear warheads by some two-thirds -- to between 1,700 and 2,200 weapons.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/systems/nuclear.htm (108 words)

	Accomplishments in the 1980s: LLNL's 50th Anniversary
		Simulations were in excellent agreement with the results of experiments, such as this drop test with a B83 test unit landing on a rigid steel plate (right).
		The B83 was to be released from a low-flying aircraft, and even though it was to be retarded by a parachute, the bomb would have to survive a 75-mile-per-hour impact with whatever irregular structure it hit.
		LODTM opened in 1983, incorporating exhaustive analysis and elimination of factors that caused errors in previous machine tools—from the heat of the human body to the vibration from a heavy truck passing by.
	www.llnl.gov /50th_anniv/decades/1980s.htm (2077 words)

	Deep Black: Stealth Aircraft Technology B-2 Combat Tactics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In tests, the B-2 successfully released B-61 and B-83 nuclear and Mk 84 conventional bombs from the rotary rocket launcher, and Mk-82 and CBU-87 conventional weapons from the bomb racks.
		The B61-11 is an earth-penetrating nuclear bomb for use against deeply buried and hardened targets.
		The B83 is a strategic free-fall nuclear bomb.
	www.danshistory.com /b2.shtml (3020 words)

	Stage Set in Congress for Fight Over New Nukes
		Lawmakers who hailed Congress' decision in November to squash funding for two controversial nuclear weapons programs may have to go to the mat once again after indications from the Bush administration that it will seek to revive the program in its 2006 fiscal year budget.
		While the memo may have surprised anti-proliferation lawmakers and activists, the bombs have for some time been out in the field, though one has yet to be used, an Energy official who asked not to be named told FOXNews.com.
		But officials at the National Nuclear Security Administration, which oversees the programs, have left open the possibility of trying to go around Hobson and his colleagues on the subcommittee by shifting funding responsibility to the Pentagon.
	www.nukewatch.org /media2/postData.php?id=1195 (1012 words)

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