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	Neuropsychological Testing
		Testing does take a significant amount of time, ranging from 3 to 12 hours, and requires that the psychologist be attentive to the patient's energy and motivation.
		BAPTA ensures that patient contact time is kept to a minimum by collecting all collateral information, medical records, and self-report inventories prior to the patient's visit.
		BAPTA psychologists also conduct a thorough clinical interview and design the test battery prior to testing.
	www.bapta.com /np_testing.htm (452 words)

	Introduction: The importance of the mechanical environment to the homeostasis of connective tissues is well known (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Group II plates were first treated with 10m M BAPTA (a cell-permeant calcium chelator) for 1 hour prior to exposure to the same strain history as group 1.
		Group 4 plates were treated with 10m M BAPTA for 1 hour prior to exposure to the calcium ionophore.
		Conclusion: Cyclic strain (9% @ 2 Hz) causes an upregulation in the expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
	cvm.msu.edu /lcor/research/ORS2001/BAPTA.htm (809 words)

	Reactive derivatives of bapta used to make ion-selective chelators - Patent 5453517
		BAPTA isothiocyanate can be coupled to amine-containing insoluble polymers by a similar reaction in an aqueous or organic solvent followed by washing with an appropriate solvent in which the polymer is insoluble.
		The crude BAPTA iodoacetamide (Compound VI) is isolated by precipitation with acetone and washed with ether.
		The amine reactive succinimidyl ester of 4-(carboxymethoxy)-5-(6-carbomethoxy-2-indolyl)-5'-methyl BAPTA tetramethyl ester is synthesized from 0.45 g (0.567 mmoles) of the carboxylic acid dissolved in 3.5 mL CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 and 0.13 g (1.13 mmoles) N-hydroxy succinimide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5453517.html (14175 words)

	BAPTA blocks DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation downstream of caspase-3 and DFF activation in HT-induced ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		BAPTA blocks DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation downstream of caspase-3 and DFF activation in HT-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
		BAPTA blocks DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation downstream of caspase-3 and DFF activation in HT-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.Mitochondrial membrane potential was disrupted in BAPTA-AM treated cells.
		BAPTA prevented neither the caspase-3 activation nor the cleavage of DFF45.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9013899.html (168 words)

	Specialties
		Click on the category below to learn more.
		Working closely with attorneys, physicians, educators, and parents, BAPTA offers:
		Prompt reports, initial results in 24 hours and full reports in 10 days
	www.bapta.com /specialties.htm (67 words)

	Effects of BAPTA on force and Ca2+ transient during isometric contraction of frog muscle fibers -- Sun et al. 275 (2): ...
		Figure 1 shows the effect of BAPTA on the isometric twitch and tetanus in fibers that were first exposed to 50 µM BAPTA-AM for 40 min and thereafter reimmersed in the standard Ringer solution
		Note that decrease in active force after exposure to BAPTA is associated with a decrease in fiber stiffness and that same force-stiffness relationship holds true as in control Ringer solution.
		Effects of BAPTA on force and intracellular Ca transient during twitch and tetanus of frog muscle fibers (Abstract).
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/2/C375 (3810 words)

	Carbachol Inhibits the L-Type Ca2+ Current Augmented by 1,2-bis(2-Aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetic Acid in ...
		by 16.1 ± 3.22 to 18.2 ± 2.94 pA/pF in 20 mM [BAPTA]
		by 18.8 ± 2.64 to 21.8 ± 2.42 pA/pF in 30 mM [BAPTA]
		and by 16.4 ± 1.16 to 21.6 ± 1.66 pA/pF in 40 mM [BAPTA]
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/298/2/857 (4627 words)

	Patent 6,797,728
		Correction was made for the small effect of BAPTA itself on this reaction by running a parallel assay on plates with no cells.
		The ability of BAPTA to stimulate surfactant secretion is key to understanding both signaling by Ca -releasing secretagogues, and by Ca inhibition by SP-A. The secretagogue activities of ATP, Io, and TG are all inhibited by depleting cytosol calcium, and are restored by replenishing calcium.
		Stimulation of surfactant secretion with BAPTA occurs between 25-100.mu.M. The ability of BAPTA to stimulate secretion does not involve depleting the total cellular pool of calcium, as overnight Ca deprivation itself does not elicit large-scale surfactant secretion.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2004/Sept2004/092804/6797728_Lungs092804.htm (5293 words)

	Multiple forms of LTP in hippocampal CA3 neurons use a common postsynaptic mechanism - Nature Neuroscience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		BAPTA (1 mM) was included in the recording pipet to suppress a rise in postsynaptic [Ca evoked by mossy fiber stimulation.
		Although 5−10 mM BAPTA blocked the induction of LTP with B-HFS and L-HFS-1 in all cases, LTP was induced in at least 30% of the cases when L-HFS-3 was used.
		F/F, n = 8), whereas 5−10 mM BAPTA had a significant effect on Ca n = 8) in 63% of the cases (that is, in 47% of the cases Ca was not blocked; Fig.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/neuro/journal/v2/n7/full/nn0799_625.html (6383 words)

	Calcium-independent cytoskeleton disassembly induced by BAPTA -- Saoudi et al. 271 (15): 3255 -- FEBS Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Interestingly, the effect of BAPTA on the cytoskeleton was reversible.
		After injection, cells were incubated with 50 µm BAPTA AM for 1 h at 37 °C. (a–d) Cells were stained with mouse IgG antibody to identify injected cells, which are indicated by arrows in b and d.
		(C) Effects of EGTA and of BAPTA derivatives on the cytoskeleton.
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/271/15/3255 (4451 words)

	Ionic basis of ryanodine's negative chronotropic effect on pacemaker cells isolated from the sinoatrial node -- Li et ...
		Mean values for control and BAPTA are not significantly different at any potential.
		Perforated patches were obtained with amphotericin B. Effects of BAPTA and ryanodine on slow inward current tails.
		BAPTA depolarized the MDP and increased the Dur significantly.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/273/5/H2481 (4571 words)

	The Role of Intraorganellar Ca2+ in Late Endosome-Lysosome Heterotypic Fusion and in the Reformation of Lysosomes from ...
		BAPTA at the concentrations stated was present throughout a standard incubation (i.e., for 10 min at 37°C in the presence of cytosol), an ATP-regenerating system, 1 mM ATP, and 1 mM GTP.
		Pretreatment of lysosomes (lysos) or late endosomes (endos) with 5 mM BAPTA was for 15 min on ice.
		Results are expressed as percentages of lysosome reformation obtained on the same day under standard conditions, i.e., with a hybrid organelle enriched fraction isolated from rat liver incubated in STKM for 10 min at 37°C in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system and 1 mM ATP.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/149/5/1053 (6923 words)

	Novel action of BAPTA series chelators on intrinsic K+ currents in rat hippocampal neurones -- Lancaster and Batchelor ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		BAPTA itself (1 mM) caused qualitatively similar but smaller effects.
		The outward current induced by dibromo BAPTA was not blocked by internal EGTA (10 mM).
		Regions of the cell contributing to the outward current were deduced from measurements of fura-2 diffusion.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/522/2/231 (515 words)

	Role of Ca2+ in diperoxovanadate-induced cytoskeletal remodeling and endothelial cell barrier function -- Usatyuk et ...
		Cells were rinsed twice with media and then preincubated with varying concentration of BAPTA (5-25 µM) for 1 h before being challenged with 5 µM of DPV.
		Effect of BAPTA and EGTA on DPV-induced interaction between actin cytoskeleton and cortactin.
		95% confluence were preincubated with BAPTA (25 µM, 1 h) or EGTA (in Ca media or nominally Ca-free media) as indicated and challenged with DPV (5 µM) for 15 min.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/5/L1006 (5336 words)

	The Ca[IMAGE] Dependence of Human Fc[IMAGE] Receptor-initiated Phagocytosis -- Edberg et al. 270 (38): 22301 -- Journal ...
		Maximal inhibition of both E-IV.3 and EA phagocytosis was reached by 50 µM BAPTA, while phagocytosis of the zymosan particles was unaffected by the same dose of BAPTA.
		A BAPTA dose-dependent inhibition of the Fc RIIa-mediated rise in [Ca was observed with complete inhibition achieved by 50 µM BAPTA.
		The essential role for [Ca in Fc RIIa-mediated phagocytosis is strongly supported by the correlation of [Ca with phagocytosis between the 15 different Fc RIIa mutants, by the ability of BAPTA to abrogate phagocytosis by both wild-type and mutant receptors (Fig.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/38/22301 (5953 words)

	Novel action of BAPTA series chelators on intrinsic K+ currents in rat hippocampal neurones -- Lancaster and Batchelor ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diffusion of diazo-2 or dibromo BAPTA into the cell was associated with an outward current which peaked within 4-5 min of seal breakthrough to whole-cell recording.
		Assuming that fura-2 and dibromo BAPTA have similar mobility within the cell, the progression of the fluorescence signal can be compared with the development of outward current, the principle being that only those parts of the cell which are visible (have dye present) can contribute to the outward current present at that time.
		The BAPTA series calcium chelators are capable of generating large outward currents in CA1 pyramidal cells.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/522/2/231 (8802 words)

	RANK Ligand-induced Elevation of Cytosolic Ca2+ Accelerates Nuclear Translocation of Nuclear Factor kappa B in ...
		Role of Ca in Osteoclast Survival-- It was shown previously that RANKL prolongs osteoclast survival in vitro (26).
		BAPTA delayed nuclear translocation of NF B induced by RANKL (Fig.
		Loading with BAPTA, but not calcein blue, significantly delayed RANKL-induced nuclear translocation of NF Data are means ± S.E. of seven independent experiments, except for AM control where n = 3.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/10/8286 (6410 words)

	BAPTA Chelators
		BAPTA and its derivatives are calcium chelators that are commonly used to form calcium buffers with well-defined calcium concentrations.
		By injecting the chelators into cells or by incubating cells with the AM ester form of the chelators, one can control the cytosolic calcium concentration, an important means to study the roles of calcium.
		Biotium offers several BAPTA chelators with calcium dissociation constants covering the biologically significant range from 10
	www.genprice.com /bapta_chelators.htm (122 words)

	On the characterisation of the mechanism underlying passive activation of the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ current ICRAC ...
		In A the chelator analysed was EGTA, in B BAPTA and in C it was dimethyl BAPTA.
		Because there were no significant differences in the fractional contributions of the slow and fast phases to the final extent of the current nor in the respective rate of current development between different chelator concentrations, we pooled all concentrations for each given chelator together.
		The results are summarized in D, where the left-hand panel represents the fractional contribution of each phase to the final extent of the current and the right-hand panel shows the rate of development of the currents for the two phases.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/520/2/407 (6590 words)

	Calcium Influx Through HCN Channels Does Not Contribute to cAMP-Enhanced Transmission -- Zhong et al. 92 (1): 644 -- ...
		A: facilitation of transmitter release [measured as fractional increase of the nth excitatory junctional potential (EJP) divided by the 1st EJP for a 5-pulse 100-Hz train] was reduced by BAPTA.
		C: forskolin enhanced synaptic transmission, while BAPTA was without effect on this enhancement.
		BAPTA had no effect at all on the cAMP-dependent enhancement
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/92/1/644 (2328 words)

	Differential Modulation of Synaptic Transmission by Calcium Chelators in Young and Aged Hippocampal CA1 Neurons: ...
		BAPTA effects were significantly different (p < 0.05) from control and recovery (30 min after drug washout) conditions at each stimulus intensity.
		The numbers of animals for each condition are as follows (young and old, respectively): BAPTA, four and five; EGTA, four and five; difluoro BAPTA, four and three; dibromo BAPTA, four and three; and dinitro BAPTA, six and four.
		Niesen C, Charlton MP, Carlen PL (1991) Postsynaptic and presynaptic effects of the calcium chelator BAPTA on synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal dentate granule neurons.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/19/3/906 (6162 words)

	Primary Inhibition of Hypocotyl Growth and Phototropism Depend Differently on Phototropin-Mediated Increases in ...
		The magnitude of blue-light-induced, phot1-mediated growth inhibition was assessed in the presence of different concentrations of BAPTA.
		BAPTA (white circles) and then were irradiated with continuous unilateral blue light at a fluence rate of 2.3
		Phototropic curvature was measured as a change in hypocotyl angle as determined from analysis of stacked images captured every 30 min for 120 min.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/133/4/1464 (3860 words)

	Integrated Ca2+ Signaling Between Smooth Muscle and Endothelium of Resistance Vessels -- Yashiro and Duling 87 (11): ...
		Endothelial cells of the isolated arterioles were loaded with BAPTA by luminal perfusion of the ester.
		The intent of the figure is to emphasize the difference between calcium changes in smooth muscle and endothelium and to show the efficacy and selectivity of BAPTA treatment.
		BAPTA was largely confined to the endothelium; BAPTA neither altered
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/87/11/1048 (4297 words)

	Voltage-Gated and Ca2+-Activated Conductances Mediating and Controlling Graded Electrical Activity in Crayfish Muscle ...
		BAPTA loading was used because it chelates intracellular
		BAPTA showed a larger and briefer outward, and a smaller and briefer
		BAPTA loading or extracellular CTX evoked the ANAP instead of the GAP variant (Araque and Buño 1995
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/79/5/2338 (3208 words)

	Biophysical Journal: Diffusion barriers limit the effect of mobile calcium buffers on exocytosis of large dense cored ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is assumed that the distance between calcium channels and the fusion peptide machinery is much larger, which implies that calcium ions must diffuse over some distance before they can act upon the fusion peptides (Chow et al., 1994, 1996; Seward and Nowycky, 1995, 1996; Seward et al., 1995).
		In the present study we asked what mechanism is responsible for the discrepancy between the large difference in Ca-binding rates of the buffers on the one hand and their similar effects on exocytosis on the other hand.
		Finally, we tested whether the different kinetics of exocytosis predicted by the model with either EGTA or BAPTA are in agreement with experimental measurements using capacitance recording.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_199903/ai_n8846649 (1259 words)

	Ca2+ Effects on Myosin-II-Mediated Contraction of Pseudo-Contractile Rings and Transport of Vesicles in Extracts of ...
		(A) The motile activities (moving vesicles/field/min) in control extracts, extracts treated with 2 mM and 10 mM BAPTA, and extracts in the presence of 1 mM Ca plus 10 mM BAPTA are shown.
		Extracts treated with 1 mM Ca and 10 mM BAPTA were similar to extracts treated with 10 mM BAPTA when viewed by fluorescence and AVEC-DIC microscopy (data not shown).
		extracts with BAPTA at 2 mM (4) and 10 mM (5) final concentrations.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/203/2/206 (1054 words)

	Protection against hypoxia-induced blood-brain barrier disruption: changes in intracellular calcium -- Brown et al. 286 ...
		Effect of BAPTA, nifedipine (NIF), and SKF-96365 (SKF) on intracellular calcium during 6 h of hypoxic stress.
		BBMEC were subjected to 6 h of hypoxia and incubated with 10 µM BAPTA, 100 nM NIF, or 100 nM SKF, alone or in combination.
		This effect of NIF and/or SKF was prevented by cotreatment with BAPTA.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/286/5/C1045 (5522 words)

	Ca2+ dependency of 'Ca2+-independent' exocytosis in SPOC1 airway goblet cells -- Rossi et al. 559 (2): 555 -- The ...
		When BAPTA was used as the Ca buffer in paired experiments, however, mucin secretion was inhibited
		BAPTA induces a decrease of intracellular free calcium and a translocation and inactivation of protein kinase C in macrophages.
		The effect of temperature and ionic strength on the apparent Ca-affinity of EGTA and the analogous Ca-chelators BAPTA and dibromo-BAPTA.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/559/2/555 (4825 words)

	Regeneration of broken tip links and restoration of mechanical transduction in hair cells -- Zhao et al. 93 (26): ...
		BAPTA and found that they regenerate over a period of several
		Basilar papillae were treated with BAPTA or a control solution, and then
		BAPTA treatment increased the number of linkages connecting stereociliary tips to adjacent stereocilia off the axis of mirror
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/93/26/15469 (4121 words)

	Regulation of Cardiac Muscle Ca2+ Release Channel by Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Lumenal Ca2+ -- Xu and Meissner 75 (5): ...
		BAPTA was apparently able to prevent lumenal Ca -mediated channel inactivation by minimizing the buildup of a
		BAPTA can suppress the rise in Ca concentration at locations several nanometers away from the release
		FIGURE 8 Cytosolic [Ca ] profiles at 0.1, 3, and 10 pA lumenal Ca fluxes in the presence 0.2 mM EGTA and absence of BAPTA, and in the presence of 20 mM BAPTA.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/75/5/2302 (6887 words)

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