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	BCPL - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) is a computer programming language that was designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966; it was originally intended for use in writing compilers for other languages.
		BCPL was a response to difficulties with its predecessor CPL, created during the early 1960s; Richards created BCPL by "removing those features of the full language which make compilation difficult".
		BCPL is reputedly the language in which the original hello world program was written.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/BCPL_programming_language (888 words)

	Programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Programming languages are used to facilitate communication about the task of organizing and manipulating information, and to express algorithms precisely.
		The combination of the language definition, the program, and the program's inputs must fully specify the external behavior that occurs when the program is executed.
		Programming language syntax is usually defined using a combination of regular expressions (for lexical structure) and Backus-Naur Form (for grammatical structure).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Programming_language (3872 words)

	C programming language
		C is a programming language, designed by Dennis Ritchie during the early 1970s, for writing the UNIX operating system.
		BCPL was in turn descended from an earlier Algol-derived language, CPL.
		By 1973, the C language had became powerful enough that most of the kernel of the Unix operating system was reimplemented in C. This was the first time that the kernel of an operating system had been implemented in a high level language.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/c_/C_language.html (2572 words)

	The History of Computer Programming Languages
		Computer languages were first composed of a series of steps to wire a particular program; these morphed into a series of steps keyed into the computer and then executed; later these languages acquired advanced features such as logical branching and object orientation.
		Visual Basic is often taught as a first programming language today as it is based on the BASIC language developed in 1964 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz.
		The first major languages were characterized by the simple fact that they were intended for one purpose and one purpose only, while the languages of today are differentiated by the way they are programmed in, as they can be used for almost any purpose.
	www.princeton.edu /~ferguson/adw/programming_languages.shtml (2072 words)

	Bin's On-Line Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It reached break-even point at a very early stage, and was the language in which the original hello world program was written.
		BCPL <language> (Basic CPL) A British systems language developed by Richards in 1969 and descended from CPL (Combined Programming Language).
		A BCPL compiler bootstrap kit with an INTCODE interpreter in C was written by Ken Yap <ken@syd.dit.csiro.au>.
	language.bin.org /ref/dict/?t=BCPL (329 words)

	BCPL - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Although not widely used now, it was very influential, because Dennis Ritchie would later develop the widely-used C programming language from BCPL.
		The language is unusual in having only one data type: a word, a fixed number of bits, usually chosen to align with the architecture's machine word.
		It is reputedly the language in which the original hello world program was written.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/BCPL (755 words)

	BCPL - FOLDOC Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		BCPL is low-level, typeless and block-structured, and provides only one-dimensional arrays.
		Program segments communicate via the global vector where system and user variables are stored in fixed numerical locations in a single array.
		BCPL was used to implement the TRIPOS operating system, which was subsequently reincarnated as AmigaDOS.
	www.nightflight.com /foldoc-bin/foldoc.cgi?BCPL (219 words)

	C programming language - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The C programming language is a low-level standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating system.
		C is a relatively minimalist programming language that operates close to the hardware, and is more similar to assembly language than most other programming languages.
		By 1973, the C language had become powerful enough that most of the UNIX kernel, originally written in PDP-11/20 assembly language, was rewritten in C. This was one of the first operating system kernels implemented in a language other than assembly, earlier instances being the Multics system (written in PL/I) and TRIPOS (written in BCPL).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=6021 (4165 words)

	Quiz On computer programming languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Smalltalk is the first object- oriented programming language with an integrated user interface, overlapping windows, integrated documents, and cut and paste editor.
		Work on PL/1 (Programming Language 1) began in 1963 and it was released in 1964.
		John Backus was later involved in the development of the language ALGOL and also the Backus-Naur Form (BNF), which is a formal notation used to describe the syntax of a given language.
	www22.brinkster.com /beeandnee/quiztime/languages.asp (577 words)

	JakeO.com - History of the C Programming Language
		The C programming language and its direct descendants are by far the most popular programming languages used in the world today.
		This paper will explore the history of the C programming language and discuss the different aspects of the language in an attempt to determine why this language has thrived in spite of there being more powerful and better structured object oriented languages in existence.
		C is now such a popular programming language that there have been several descendants from it that are in wide use.
	www.jakeo.com /words/clanguage.php (2520 words)

	Help with the history of C language. BCPL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Response #: 1 of 1 Author: Daniel Lee Luchinski Text: The C language is a general-purpose programming language that was originally designed by Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories and implemented there on a PDP-11 in 1972.
		BCPL was developed as a tapeless systems programming language, by Martin Richards.
		BCPL basic data type was the machine word, and it made heavy use of pointers and address arithmetic.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /newton/askasci/1993/compsci/CS18.HTM (248 words)

	1951 - 1970
		PL/I (Programming Language 1) is a large, complex block-structured language invented by IBM in 1963, and first released in 1964 in conjunction with the influential System/360 line of computers.
		BCPL was an early block-structure procedural language, fairly low-level, and used for system and small application programming.
		It would develop into the inspiration for two systems programming languages developed at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the 1970's, B and C. BCPL is an operator-typed language; the data types of variables are defined by the operators applied (rather than being declared for the variable, as in Algol).
	www.an.psu.edu /ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-kf/1951-1970.html (3442 words)

	GNE: the C programming language
		C is a high-level imperative programming language, which characteristically provides a very close correspondence between high-level language statements and machine-language instructions.
		C++ is an object-oriented programming language directly descended from C. Its initial development by Bjarne Stroustrup occurred in the early 1980s, and consisted of some simple additions to the C language to make the handling of basic class structures with member functions and polymorphism easier.
		The language gives a number of partial guarantees about the representation of certain data types, and the relationships between them, allowing the programmer to implement many operations by direct manipulation of bits in memory, essentially using the C language as a portable machine language.
	www.fysh.org /~zefram/gne/c_programming_language (1914 words)

	BCPL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This was because existing higher level languages did not support the low level facilities required by systems programmers.
		BCPL and Coral'66, introduced in the late 1960s and early 1970s, were the most popular systems languages in the UK.
		BCPL eventually evolved in to C, which is currently the most widely used systems programming language.
	www.csc.liv.ac.uk /~frans/Programming/bcpl.html (115 words)

	The C Programming Language
		Because of this, the Unix operating system which was originally written in assembly language, was almost immediately re-written in C (only the assembly language code needed to "bootstrap" the C code was kept).
		C is a powerful, flexible language that provides fast program execution and imposes few constraints on the programmer.
		The C programming language is used in many different areas of application, but the most prolific area is UNIX operating system applications.
	www.engin.umd.umich.edu /CIS/course.des/cis400/c/c.html (586 words)

	A brief(ish) description of BCPL
		I first encountered BCPL when I was at Cambridge University, the home of the language and its designer, Martin Richards.
		BCPL was the systems programming language of choice at Cambridge, because it generated code better than the IBM Fortran compilers while not requiring the agony of Assembler.
		BCPL implementations are available from Martin Richards, or from the old BCPL distribution.
	www.lysator.liu.se /c/clive-on-bcpl.html (2813 words)

	Lennox Computer - The GTL Programming Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The language design and implementation is the work of Doug Lennox and Michael Jackson of Lennox Computer, and the design and implementation is the copyright property of Lennox Computer.
		The purpose of the GTL language is to provide a very high level-programming environment for the future development of programming applications to be distributed and supported as part of Lennox Computer suite of business accounting and data-processing applications.
		The GTL compiler and interpreter are written in the C programming language with YACC-like support from a parser generator called PARGEN.
	www.lennox.com.au /products/gtl.html (422 words)

	Language Reference - C
		BCPL was studied by the staff at Bell Labs, who were creating the UNIX operating system.
		In 1972, Dennis Ritchie designed the language he called C. In 1978 he and Kernighan published a book on C, and this (K&R C) became the defning document for the language until around 10 years later when an ANSI C was completed.
		One of the main reasons that C has gained such prominence is because much of UNIX is written in C. In 1989, the ANSI standards committee agreed to a C standard, X3.159- 1989.
	www.isi.edu /~iko/pl/hw3_c.html (258 words)

	LtU Classic Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The design of BCPL was strongly influenced by the work done jointly by Cambridge and London Universities on a language called CPL(Combined Programming Language) which was conceived at Cambridge to be the main language to run on the new and powerful Ferranti Atlas computer to be installed back in 1963.
		It could reasonably be called Christopher's Programming Language in recognition of Christpher Strachey whose bubbling enthusiasm and talent steered the course of its development...
		BCPL is a simple typeless language that was designed in 1966.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /classic/message6901.html (258 words)

	bcpl
		It has been ported to so many different systems that its creator confesses to having lost count It has only one data type (a machine word) which can be used as an integer, a character, a floating point number, a pointer, or almost anything else, depending on context.
		The original {INTCODE} {interpreter} for BCPL is available for {Amiga}, {Unix}, {MS-DOS} {(ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/programming/languages/BCPL/)}.
		A BCPL compiler {bootstrap} kit with an {INTCODE} {interpreter} in {C} was written by Ken Yap
	www.beetfoundation.com /words/b/bcpl.html (419 words)

	Bcpl Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		BCPL is a simple typeless language that was designed in 1966 by MartinRichards and implemented for the first time at MIT in the Spring of 1967.
		It was the implementation language for the Tripos portion of the Amiga operating system, so many Amiga developers ended up being familiar with at least some aspects of BCPL.
		"BCPL was the systems programming LanguageOfChoice at Cambridge, because it generated code better than the IBM Fortran compilers while not requiring the agony of Assembler." (In case anyone was wondering what the point was back then.)
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?BcplLanguage (170 words)

	My Programming Language History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The first language I actually wrote halfway-decent sizable code in, developed a personal subroutine library for, wrote multi-platform code in, and used on an IBM mainframe (Spitbol -- but I did all my development under Twenex with Sitbol, thank goodness).
		The first language I ever thought was great at first and then grew to loathe.
		Probably the second language I thought was great and grew to loathe (for many of the same reasons I grew to loathe PL/I, interestingly enough -- but it took longer).
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /keith/crisis/history.html (495 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages: Procedural (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The cT Programming Language and Environment - An algorithmic language like C, Pascal, Fortran, and Basic, but greatly enhanced by multimedia capabilities, including easy-to-use support for color graphics, mouse interactions, and even movies in QuickTime or Video for Windows format.
		MCPL - a simple typeless language which is based on BCPL.
		Some other features come from C. Mesa - Strongly-typed high-level language, developed at Xerox PARC in the 1970's, born on the Alto, used widely for system programming of the 8010, 6085, and other D machines.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages/Procedural (619 words)

	Focus on the First Years - Birth to 6 - Programming
		The benefits of library programs for infants and toddlers are infinite.
		The exposure to books and language can increase comprehension, attention span, and help with early language.
		Check the BCPL Calendar of Events for a complete listing, by branch, of all Baby Boosters and Story Timers programs.
	www.bcpl.info /firstyears/firstyears_programming.html (300 words)

	History of C++ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		FORTRAN, which stands for FORmula TRANslation, was developed by IBM in 1954 and was used largely by engineers and scientists for mathematical application requiring number crunching.
		COBOL, which stands for COmmon Business Oriented Language, was developed by a group in 1959 and was largely used in industry for business applications requiring large data manipulation.
		Pascal, which was named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, was developed in 1971 by Niklaus Wirth. It was a block structured programming language used largely as a teaching tool in universities throughout the world.
	www.lv.psu.edu /OJJ/courses/cpp-lang/history.html (116 words)

	History of the C Programming Language
		Note: Programming in C++ and C# Programming are separate sites.
		Dennis Ritchie of Bell Labs created the C Programming Language in 1971-1972 as he and Ken Thompson worked together to design the UNIX operating system.
		This page presents resources for a survey of the history of the C programming language.
	www.hitmill.com /programming/chistory.htm (130 words)

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