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Topic: BORAX experiments

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	Boron
		Molten borax reacts with metal oxides to form borates that dissolve in the melt, so it is a useful as a welding and soldering flux, and in colored enamels for iron.
		Borax was found by John A. Veatch in the spring waters of Tehama County, California, in January 1856.
		Borax is found mainly in arid regions, since borates are soluble to some degree and in a humid region would have been leached away long ago.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/boron.htm (3834 words)

	Kernite hydration
		Within a month the borax was covered with a coating of tincalconite and by 1956 the borax had dehydrated completely to tincalconite; however, the kernite is still clear (Feb. 1957).
		To see if such tincalconite is an alteration product of kernite, or of borax as we suspected, we cut a large thin section from a piece of kernite, which had part of a borax shell attached; the borax had altered superficially to tincalconite.
		All contacts between the veins and the kernite are sharp and straight; the contact between the shell of borax- tincalconite and kernite is sharp but irregular, and the veins are apophyses from the shell.
	www.minsocam.org /MSA/collectors_corner/arc/kernite.htm (791 words)

	Rio Tinto Borax : Library : Pioneer Magazine
		Borax is now harnessing information technology to help decide what mixture is best for which glass, which kind of glass-making process, and which application.
		At Borax, another application being studied is the addition of B2O3 to a glaze for sanitaryware, as it is known to greatly improve the resistance of the glaze to crystallization on firing.
		Borax, thanks to its new program, is now able to use 'virtual glassmaking' to predict how, in customers' individual situations, any potential production difficulties can be avoided in a Neobor to Dehybor switch while reaping its rewards.
	www.borax.com /pioneer48.html (2199 words)

	Borax or Baking Soda Rectifier and the glow. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A rectifier can be easily made by mixing borax or baking soda into a pint jar of water and inserting an aluminum strip and a strip of another metal.
		Also, this is the first set of experiments that I have ever done with solutions conducting electricity, where the solution has not turned some yucky dark color.
		Do the experiments where you are not likely to touch any metallic objects or grounded metallic objects such as water faucets, sinks, telephones etc.
	home.earthlink.net /~lenyr/borax.htm (1643 words)

	The Transmutations of Dr. Price
		The remaining half ounce of Mercury was employed; the charcoal and borax both taken without selection from large quantities in the laboratory, were powdered by Mr.
		EXPERIMENT V. That no doubt might arise from the failure of the Crucible in the last Experiment, a similar one was made in the presence of the fame persons, with the addition of J. Garthwaite of --- Esq; who was also present at the latter part of Experiment IV.
		These last portions of Gold and Silver, as well as a part of the produce of the former Experiment, have had the honour of being submitted to the inspection of his Majesty; who was pleased to express His approbation.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/dr_price.html (2779 words)

	Comparison of Polymeric Liquids with Newtonian Liquids (Experiment)
		The poly(vinyl acetate) chains are so long hat they interfere with each other, causing the glue to be rather thick and to pour more slowly than water.
		Gluep forms when the solution of borax (sodium borate) is added to the glue solution.
		The borax crosslinks the polymer chains, binding them together and producing a gel-like material that is more viscous than the glue solution and has a variety of interesting properties.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/physics/polymericliquids.html (2202 words)

	borax.cfm
		BORAX II, which operated at a higher power level, continued testing of the boiling water concept.
		BORAX IV was used to test new fuel designs, such as ceramic fuels.
		BORAX V was used to test new concepts for generating steam at higher temperatures.
	www.deq.state.id.us /inl_oversight/about/facilities/borax.cfm (195 words)

	Environmental science projects & experiments
		Borax is a cleaning agent that some people add to their laundry detergent.
		The approximate pH of the borax/water mixture is 9.
		For this experiment, you will need an inexpensive garden soil pH test kit, which may be obtained from lawn and garden stores or nurseries.
	www.sciencemadesimple.com /environmental_projects.html (4607 words)

	Interesting Science Experiments
		Caution: Borax can irritate the skin or eyes if left in contact (just as any other detergent) it is recommended that children under 12 should be supervised.
		Borax is used as a cross-linking agent to make the long thin molecules stick to each other.
		Borax hooks onto these OH groups and is used as a cross-linking agent to make the long thin molecules stick to each other.
	www.webpak.net /~toddj68/exper.htm (603 words)

	Pioneers for food safety
		Borax used in clothes softeners, salicylic acid (aspirin), formaldehyde (embalming fluid) and copper salts are no longer used as food additives, and the government long ago stopped using humans and started using rats to find out if additives are dangerous.
		She said that while the poison squad experiments wouldn't meet modern standards for scientific tests, "he certainly was not a crook.
		But the main legacy of the unusual poison squad experiments was to force Congress to pay attention to what was going into food, and establish the nation's first legal food standards.
	www.post-gazette.com /healthscience/20021230poisonsquadsc!2p2.asp (612 words)

	Pure Food, the Press, and the Poison Squad (Copyright KcM 2001-2006)
		Borax was chosen by Wiley as the first additive to be administered to the palates of the poison squad because it was the safest, most widely used, and thus “the most important of the commonly used preservatives.”
		Thus, however much the growing public interest in the poison squad experiments might have helped to expand public support for a pure food law, Dr. Wiley originally aimed to restrict the flow of information about his human experiments in the name of preserving the sobriety of science from the folly of journalism.
		Were it not for the stomach pains, discomfort, and “dull and stubborn headaches” suffered by the volunteers, Wiley could never have come to the conclusion, stated in his 1904 final report, that “both boric acid and boraxcreated disturbances of appetite, of digestion, and of health” and thus should be banned as food preservatives.
	www.kevincmurphy.com /harveywiley2.html (3881 words)

	Polymer and Hydrogen Bonds: Experimental Design
		The experiments are essentially tests in which the input variable is not changing, so you only need to describe one treatment for each experiment.
		An experiment designed to investigate this problem would have the input variable, temperature.) If you, the experimentor, were interested in changing the concentration of two reactants, then your experiment would have two input variables.
		When reporting the results of your experiment you should always specify the conditions, i.e., the parameters, so that your experiment is reproducible.
	www.exploratorium.edu /wsw/projects/bonds/edbond.htm (809 words)

	WYLIE: CHAPTER 1
		Borax is used some, and one-half of one per cent of boric acid is used.
		Vaughan states that the experiments with borax did not prove that it was injurious in small quantities, and when asked what he meant by small quantities he said, "One-half of 1 per cent." I suppose he means by that, in the foods.
		MANN: Before you pass from the subject of borax, I would like to have your statement in reference to the use of borax under the provision of the bill, which in the Hepburn bill was removed by maceration.
	www.soilandhealth.org /03sov/0303critic/030305wylie/030305ch1.html (15454 words)

	This is why some people say an earthworm eats its way through the soil. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The cutlet experiments fence rows throughout the farm were planted to a great variety of fruit trees, which were allowed to develop from seedlings..
		Worms are resilient, cutlet experiments have a high reproduction rate, and can survive without us.We are fortunate in having a true story of a large Ohio farm which was operated with cutlet experiments full use of earthworms during the period from about 1830 to 1890.CD cutlet experiments unavailable at Amazon.
		After one repetition, the turtle seized cutlet experiments a worm that had moved to the surface of the dirt pile and consumed it.Carefully tease away the tissues to expose the arches of the heart, cutlet experiments the run across the worm.
	d293d5465.sitesled.com /tbooker/activision.html (1739 words)

	WayBack . The Future \| PBS KIDS GO!
		Stir until all of the borax is dissolved.
		Mix 1/2 cup of the glue mixture with 1/2 cup of the borax mixture in a third bowl.
		The borax connects the glue molecules, resulting in long connected chains of molecules.
	pbskids.org /wayback/future/plastics/slime.html (653 words)

	UF study suggests life on Earth sprang from borax minerals
		Miller's experiment failed to identify sugars that were needed for genetic material, however.
		With the prebiotic experiments, Benner said, "we are working forward in time, from the origin of the planet to the first life.
		With experiments with ancient proteins, we work backwards in time, from the modern world to the most primitive of bacteria." The group's goal, he said, is to have the two meet in the middle.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-01/uof-uss010804.php (893 words)

	[No title]
		Comments on the Weir and Fisher Chronic Dog Studies The Weir and Fisher dog studies were the result of research sponsored by Borax during the 1960’s to assess the toxicological effects of boric acid and borax.
		Despite the level of effect in three out of four control dogs and the small number of animals, the authors concluded that boric acid and borax causes spermatogenic arrest and testicular atrophy, which may be reversible on removal of the treatment.
		The NOAEL was determined to be 0.2% boric acid (62.4 mg boric acid/kg/day) and 0.309% borax (84.7 mg borax/kg/day), while the LOAEL was 0.67% boric acid (233.1 boric acid/kg/day) and 1.03% borax (373.1 7 mg borax/kg/day).
	ecb.jrc.it /classlab/0499a15_IND_borax.doc (991 words)

	Corning Museum of Glass \| Resource on Glass \| Simple Glassmaking
		The borax that can be purchased in a grocery store for use as a laundry additive contains a lot of water, so it must be dried thoroughly before being used in our tests.
		The best way to experiment at such a temperature is to use a small quantity of material.
		This brings us to the old technique known as "the borax bead test." A small quantity of borax can be melted on a wire loop in a Bunsen flame or a propane torch and will produce a genuine sample of an inorganic glass.
	www.cmog.org /index.asp?pageId=737 (868 words)

	Steve Spangler Science Experiment Slime - The Real Recipe
		Combined with a Borax solution, this slime is the best in the world, and for whatever reason, you have voluntarily chosen to make slime in your classroom.
		Borax loves to connect with water and billions of Borax molecules randomly link trillions of water molecules found anywhere on the chains of PVA.
		The students can add more Borax to achieve a firmer slime but there is a point of diminishing returns before the slime breaks down because of too much Borax and turns back into a liquid.
	www.stevespanglerscience.com /experiment/00000141 (1048 words)

	Joey Green's WackyScientist.com
		20 Mule Team Borax is named for the twenty-mule teams used during the late nineteenth century to transport borax 165 miles across the desert from Death Valley to the nearest train depot in Mojave, California.
		Borax deposits in Death Valley were abandoned when richer deposits were found elsewhere in the Mojave desert, turning mining settlements into ghost towns that now help make the region a tourist attraction.
		According to legend, borax was used by Egyptians in mummification.
	www.wackyuses.com /experiments/greenslime.htm (565 words)

	AlbemarleFamily - Super Science Experiments for Kids
		She says science experiences are important for young children.
		As the borax solution cools, the water molecules move closer together again, leaving less room for the dissolved borax, which creates crystals on the pipe cleaner.
		Experiment with different amounts of vinegar and baking soda, the thickness of the tissue and different types of canisters.
	www.albemarlekids.com /vpage.htm?pageid=194 (1676 words)

	Rio Tinto Borax : Library : Pioneer Magazine
		In 1994, another major experiment was conducted, involving 32 test plots and twelve different indigenous species.
		Current experiments involving different seed recipes seem to suggest that the standard seed mix of twelve pounds per acre may be wasteful and perhaps counter productive.
		One of the most interesting experiments at Boron is the macro imprint test area.
	www.borax.com /pioneer14.html (1148 words)

	Unasylva - Vol. 3, No. 6 - As a memorial to the Third World Forestry Congress - News of the world
		Experiments in combatting the ravages caused by the larvae of the June bug (Amphimallon solstitialis) and related species by dusting the roots of pine seedlings with 5 percent DDT and 6 percent hexachloran were conducted in 1948 in two forests of the Kharkov and Pskov provinces.
		A number of experiments have been carried on in an attempt to eliminate the technical difficulties in paper and cardboard making arising from the presence of resin.
		The experiments conducted at three different paper mills led to the conclusion that the technical difficulties caused by the high content of resin in pine pulpwood can be overcome and that the treatment does not affect the quality and color of the paper.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x5353e/x5353e05.htm (9203 words)

	Discover Engineering Online - Cool Stuff
		Borax is available in the laundry section of your local grocery store.
		Borax is made of a chemical called sodium borate.
		In water solution, the Borax reacts with the glue (polyvinyl acetate) molecules, linking them together into one giant molecule.
	www.discoverengineering.org /cool_things/bottle/bottle_slime.asp (157 words)

	Brief History of Materials R&D at Argonne
		Zinn relates how an experiment to test heat removal from the CP-5 core during loss of coolant flow showed that boiling heat transfer was very effective and would not compromise core stability.
		This led to the design and construction of the BORAX series of reactor experiments, leading eventually to the Experimental Boiling Water Reactor (EBWR) or CP-7, which came on line in 1956, and later the Vallecitos boiling water reactor and Dresden-1 -- both built by General Electric and the forerunners of today's BWRs.
		The possession of these crystals enabled irradiation experiments, reported by Hugh Paine and Howard Kittel at the first Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in 1955, to show the different dimensional changes along the three crystallographic directions in alpha uranium.
	www.anl.gov /Science_and_Technology/History/Frosthist.html (5074 words)

	Everyday Chemistry - Are you reacting? - free Suite101.com course
		Borax is a type of powdered soap that is available in many grocery stores.
		The mixture of Elmer's Glue with borax and water produces a putty-like material called a polymer.
		Borax is the chemical that is responsible for hooking the glue's molecules together to form the putty-like material.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/19140/2722/5?l=4 (392 words)

	Steve Spangler Science Experiment White Glue Putty - Yes, It's Silly
		This is the most popular version of "slime" among teachers because it's so easy to make and serves as a great visual tool for introducing students to the properties of polymers.
		This Borax solution is the secret linking agent that causes the Elmer's Glue molecules to turn into slime.
		Borax is the compound that is responsible for hooking the glue's molecules together to form the putty-like material.
	www.stevespanglerscience.com /experiment/00000039 (926 words)

	The Glüg Recipe
		When water, white glue, and borax are mixed together, a reaction occurs where the OH groups in the glue are crosslinked and a rubber-like product is produced.
		Be sure to explain the number of samples your group will prepare and the amounts of glue, water, and borax in each.
		Be sure to wash your hands thoroughly at the end of the laboratory experiment.
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/FACES/poly/activity/resin.htm (641 words)

	WYLIE: CHAPTER 2
		We had twelve young men, and to six of them we gave borax in the form of boracic acid, and to the other six borate of soda, to see if there was any difference in the effect of those two forms of borax attending the metabolic process.
		Some of the young men--the experiments ended in July, or in June, the end of the year--and some of the young men complained even through the summer, and it was late in the autumn before they recovered their full normal appetites.
		Mann, the tests that we have made are not the same as those made upon animals fed for pharmacological experiments, because after a given time the animals are killed and their organs are examined, and the changes in the cells are studied by the microscope.
	www.soilandhealth.org /03sov/0303critic/030305wylie/030305ch2.html (5628 words)

	ChemShorts for Kids, 2005
		Borax is a complex borate mineral of composition Na O (hydrated sodium borate).
		The runoff is rich in the element boron and is highly concentrated by evaporation in the arid climate.
		Borax is available at grocery stores in the laundry soap section, (e.g.
	membership.acs.org /C/Chicago/ChmShort/CS06.html (4577 words)

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