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Topic: BSE

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	AMSA - BSE Resources
		BSE is a chronic, degenerative disorder that affects the brain and central nervous system in adult cattle after a long incubation period.
		BSE is one of several known transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), which include scrapie (affecting sheep and goats), chronic wasting disease or CWD (affecting deer and elk), transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) and feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE).
		BSE, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, is a chronic, degenerative disorder that affects the brain and central nervous system in adult cattle after a long incubation period.
	www.meatscience.org /Pubs/BSEFacts.htm (1625 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Commonly Asked Questions About BSE in Products Regulated by FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied ...
		The exact cause of BSE is not known but it is generally accepted by the scientific community that the likely cause is infectious forms of a type of protein, prions, normally found in animals cause BSE.
		In cattle with BSE, these abnormal prions initially occur in the small intestines and tonsils, and are found in central nervous tissues, such as the brain and spinal cord, and other tissues of infected animals experiencing later stages of the disease.
		BSE is a Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE), a family of similar diseases that may infect certain species of animals and people such as scrapie in sheep and goats, BSE in cattle, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in people.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~comm/bsefaq.html (2521 words)

	Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Animal Health - Fact Sheet - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
		BSE or "Mad Cow Disease" is a progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle.
		Although the exact cause of BSE is unknown, it is associated with the presence of an abnormal protein called a prion.
		BSE is an unusual disease in that the time between an animal’s exposure to the disease and the onset of clinical signs normally ranges from four to five years.
	inspection.gc.ca /english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/bseesbfse.shtml (847 words)

	Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Animal Health - Fact Sheet - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
		Although the exact cause of BSE is unknown, it is associated with the presence of an abnormal protein called a prion.
		BSE is an unusual disease in that the time between an animal’s exposure to the disease and the onset of clinical signs normally ranges from four to five years.
		The protein that is linked to BSE is resistant to normal inactivation procedures such as heat, which means that it may not be completely destroyed in the rendering process and could remain active in rendered material.
	www.inspection.gc.ca /english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/bseesbfse.shtml (839 words)

	BSE
		BSE is a simple and effective way for women to recognize the early signs and symptoms of breast cancer.
		BSE is the first line of defense for women to detect breast cancer at an early stage and increase the chances for a successful recovery.
		BSE is simple to perform and can quickly become a part of your health routine.
	www.brown.edu /Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/general_health/wh_bse.htm (1682 words)

	CDFA > AHFSS > AH > BSE Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		BSE, widely known as "Mad Cow Disease", is a fatal disease of cattle first recognized in the United Kingdom in 1986.
		On June 24, 2005, BSE was confirmed in a cow slaughtered in November 2004.
		On March 13, 2006, BSE was confirmed in a non-ambulatory, approximately 10-year old crossbred beef cow sampled on a farm in Alabama by a private veterinarian.
	www.cdfa.ca.gov /ahfss/ah/bse_info.htm (405 words)

	BSE and other spongiform encephalopathies are not transmissible
		Gajdusek and Prusiner the theoretical risk that BSE was transmissible to man was initially based on the assumption that the pathogen was transmissible and a virus.
		BSE, Kuru, and CJD in the elderly are consistent and fit with the times of poisonings proposed by this discovery.
		The pathogenesis and pathology of the British BSE epidemic was different to old age related spongiform diseases, because the toxins were transported by blood from cow to calf in the womb (teratogenesis), and then again via the feed.
	www.gerryparish.co.uk /research/bse (2430 words)

	Questions and Answers About Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
		BSE is a rare, chronic degenerative disease affecting the brain and central nervous system of cattle.
		It does not appear that BSE spreads from cattle to cattle or from cattle to other species through physical contact, although there does appear to be an increased risk of BSE in the offspring of BSE-infected cattle.
		BSE appears to be caused by a prion (pronounced pree-on), a type of rogue protein.
	www.ific.org /publications/qa/bseqa.cfm (1210 words)

	What's Mad Cow Disease?
		Because BSE was a problem in the United Kingdom, the United States enacted rules to prevent live cows and some cow products from entering this country.
		BSE is a concern because it can be transmitted to people if they eat meat that came from a cow with BSE.
		The discovery of the BSE cases in the United States increases concern about the human form of the disease, but it's still very unlikely that you or anyone you know will get the disease.
	kidshealth.org /kid/talk/qa/mad_cow_disease.html (535 words)

	FVO BSE: a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		BSE was first diagnosed in Great Britain in 1986.
		On the basis of epidemiological studies, it was found that infection with BSE is attributable to feeding with meat and bone meal (MBM) which originated from animals infected with BSE and which had been insufficiently heated.
		Exports of contaminated MBM and infected cattle led to the spread of BSE to the rest of the world.
	www.bvet.admin.ch /tiergesundheit/00199/index.html?lang=en (298 words)

	Cattle Producer's Guide to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
		BSE is one of several transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE).
		No one is sure where the BSE pathogen originated, but the most widely-accepted theory is that the disease originated in Great Britain through cattle that ate feed containing products made from the carcasses of animals having some form of TSE (possibly sheep having scrapie).
		Because evidence suggests BSE might have developed in Great Britain as a result of the use of animal feed containing contaminated meat and bone meal as a protein source, the Food and Drug Administration has established regulations prohibiting the feeding of most mammalian proteins to cattle.
	www.mda.state.mn.us /commissioner/bseproducers.html (899 words)

	BSE Backgrounder
		In early 2005, BSE was confirmed as developing in a single goat that was slaughtered in 2002 in France.
		Researchers believe that BSE is spread to cattle through feeding of contaminated meat and bone meal from scrapie-infected sheep or cattle with previously unidentified BSE.
		Because the primary source of transmission of BSE has been shown to be abnormal proteins derived from BSE-infected ruminants in feed, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established regulations that prohibit the feeding of most mammalian proteins to ruminants in the United States.
	www.avma.org /public_health/bse/bse_bgnd.asp (1303 words)

	Homepage \| CDC BSE
		BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from infection by an unusual transmissible agent called a prion.
		BSE Cases Identified in the U.S. The first known case of BSE in the United States was identified in December 2003.
		The age of the cow was estimated by examination of the dentition as 10-years-old.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/bse (813 words)

	WHO \| Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
		Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal brain disease of cattle.
		BSE first came to the attention of the scientific community in November 1986 with the appearance in cattle of a newly-recognized form of neurological disease in the United Kingdom (UK).
		BSE in the brain affects the brain and spinal cord of cattle.
	www.who.int /mediacentre/factsheets/fs113/en (1692 words)

	Mad Cow Disease (BSE) - A New Age, Astrology, Bible Prophecy Prophecy Analysis
		And note that BSE was discovered in 1986, so if we assign a galaxy to it by this number 86(Galaxy M86) as we did for Ebola, AIDS, and Influenza, Galaxy M86 is in the constellation Virgo the Virgin, again representing the woman Babylon and Isis.
		The comparison to BSE is that the new crystalized form of brain molecule in BSE may in a similar way tend to crystalize the brains of the people of this planet.
		BSE was announced to the public in March 1996 as Comet Hyakutake passed by the Constellation Virgo (here I am talking about the astronomical Constellation Virgo, rather than the astrological sign Virgo).
	www.revelation13.net /BSE.html (3332 words)

	Research and Reviews: Meat 2001, Special Circular 183-02
		1989 to 1994 - It became obvious that the substantial year-to-year reduction in BSE infection was caused by the ruminant feed ban.
		It was suggested that it was unlikely that BSE posed any risk to humans, and beef was safe to eat.
		Over 170,000 cattle have died or been destroyed due to BSE and many more have been slaughtered as a precautionary measure in the United Kingdom (compared to fewer than 1,500 elsewhere).
	ohioline.osu.edu /sc183/sc183_10c.html (936 words)

	BSE Information at UIUC
		BSE is a fatal disease that affects the brain of cattle
		BSE was first observed in Great Britain in April, 1984, and was specifically diagnosed in 1986.
		Since 1986, nearly 200,000 cases of BSE in cattle have been identified in the United Kingdom.
	w3.aces.uiuc.edu /AnSci/BSE (436 words)

	2001.08.23: (Fact Sheet) Federal Agencies Take Special Precautions to Keep "Mad Cow Disease" Out of the United States
		BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a fatal disease that causes progressive neurological degeneration in cattle.
		BSE (sometimes referred to as "mad cow disease") and variant and classic CJD belong to the unusual group of progressive, degenerative neurological diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).
		The incubation period for BSE among cattle ranges from three to eight years; for vCJD among humans, the incubation period is unknown, but is at least five years and could extend up to 20 years or longer.
	www.hhs.gov /news/press/2001pres/01fsbse.html (2113 words)

	Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease)
		BSE is often referred to as "mad cow" disease, because animals infected with the disease are often irritable and can react in a somewhat violent or threatening fashion when approached by humans.
		At the present time, BSE is thought to be spread in tissue from the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord) as well as distal ileum, some of which can be present in meat and bone meal.
		BSE was first observed in Great Britain in April 1985 and was officially diagnosed in 1986.
	www.ag.ndsu.edu /pubs/ansci/beef/as1206w.htm (1410 words)

	BSE Information and Resources from FSIS
		Despite individual differences, when the age of an animal is not known, examination of the teeth serves as the best and most practical method of age determination.
		BSE Information and Resources from USDA News releases, transcripts and video, statements, and more.
		The APHIS BSE toll free number to report high risk cattle is 1-866-536-7593.
	www.fsis.usda.gov /Fact_Sheets/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_BSE/index.asp (356 words)

	CDC - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Background, Evolution, and Current ...
		Within weeks of identification of the first case of BSE, concern was expressed about human risk (7-13), and as the epidemic unfolded, a series of measures was taken to eradicate BSE and prevent potentially infected tissues from reaching the human food chain (Appendix).
		Nevertheless, during the 10 years after the first case of BSE was identified, cases of CJD did not increase in groups at high risk and continued to occur in the general population with the same spectrum of clinical and neuropathologic features as before the appearance of BSE.
		The BSE inquiry: report, evidence and supporting papers of the inquiry into the emergence and identification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) and the action taken in response to it up to 20 March 1996.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no1/brown.htm (5573 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Mad Cow
		BSE is but one of a group of brain diseases affecting various animals, such as chronic wasting disease in farmed elk and deer in North America.
		The original source of BSE is believed to be feed containing tainted meat from sheep with a related disease called scrapie.
		As to whether cooking helps, the whole problem with the spread of BSE was the BSE agent, the prion, was actually able to survive the rendering process.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/madcow/faq.html (3114 words)

	B115 - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
		BSE is a fatal disease and euthanasia on welfare grounds is necessary.
		BSE occurs as a result of dietary exposure to feedstuffs containing infected meat and bone meal (MBM).
		BSE is not contagious, therefore laboratory handling aims primarily to avoid accidental iatrogenic, ocular or oronasal exposures.
	www.oie.int /eng/maladies/fiches/a_B115.htm (792 words)

	BSE statistics
		Proportion of cattle developing BSE at specific ages in the UK This work takes into account the possibility that there might be underreporting of cases of BSE cases born after the feed ban in 1992 and 1993.
		When this is done, however there is not a great change in the age distribution except for the fact that although a peak is still at age 5, a second peak starts to rise after around 7 years and, when the number of cases of bulls is removed from the data, it continues to rise.
		Age distribution of cattle in the UK Data for this were difficult to get hold of and were derived from figures of the meat and lifestock commission (maily having data for younger cattle) and the milk marketing board (mainly having information concerning the number of older cattle).
	bse.airtime.co.uk /statb.htm (3495 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CFIA investigators have confirmed the animal was born in 2000 and was at least six and a half years old at the time of its death, based on dental analysis, DNA testing and information provided by the producer.
		The mice were cured of memory and behavioural problems associated with the cattle disease BSE and its human equivalent, variant CJD.
		Government investigators were unable to determine where Canada's latest cow infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was born, making it impossible to tell how the animal was exposed to the disease or find other cows that might have been exposed, the Canadian government said this week.
	wss.foodinnovation.biz /HSC/News/BSE.aspx (1697 words)

	Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Information or "Mad Cow Disease" - Washington State Dept. of Agriculture - WSDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is one variety of a group of diseases known as "Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies" (TSEs).
		BSE is the type of TSE that occurs in cattle.
		On December 23, 2003 a cow was diagnosed with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Washington State.
	agr.wa.gov /FoodAnimal/AnimalFeed/BSE.htm (342 words)

	MDA - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
		The purpose of the regulation is to prevent the establishment and amplification of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States, and thereby minimize any risk to animals and humans.
		Since failure to comply with certain provisions of 21 CFR 589.2000 (the BSE Rule) can cause a feed to be considered adulterated, it is the responsibility of the Michigan Department of Agriculture to assure that anyone subject to the BSE Rule, is in compliance with the regulation.
		These documents and a wide array of other BSE information are available on the website of the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine.
	www.michigan.gov /mda/1,1607,7-125-1568_2390_2440-8135--,00.html (1102 words)

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