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Topic: Baathism

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	Islamism and Baathism aren't that different. - By Lee Smith - Slate Magazine
		Among other things, they were "aware that their Western patrons and protectors looked with fear and aversion on Islam as a political force." The result is that the misunderstanding lives on, which is why analysts have been at great pains to itemize, mistakenly, the differences between, say, Baathism and Islamism.
		Rida, a Syrian who moved to Cairo, where he became one of the earliest and most important influences on the Muslim Brotherhood, is one of the intellectual fathers of the Islamist movement.
		In short, Baathism and Islamism are more similar than dissimilar.
	www.slate.com /id/2108576 (1503 words)

	Baathism
		Baathism is an Arab political ideology, based on the ideas of the Ba'ath Parties of Iraq and Syria.
		Baathism is a mixture of socialism, Stalinism, militarism, nationalism, and Pan-Arabism.
		Its mostly secular ideology is often contrasted against that of other Arab governments in the Middle East, which tend to have leanings towards Islamism and theocracy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Baathism.html (55 words)

	Dictators hijack Baathism's ideology
		At one time, Baathism was a movement espousing lofty ideals of Arab brotherhood and equality, with a goal of uniting all Arabs into one powerful, secular state.
		Baathism, like most socialist ideologies, is susceptible to power being usurped by a strongman or oligarchy.
		Ba'athism is not an "ideology of peace," it has its roots in Nazi ideology.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/960934/posts (2540 words)

	Jihad Watch: Osama's Islamism and Saddam's Baathism are more alike than you think
		A comparison was made between Saddam Hussein’s Ba'athism, and Ataturk’s Kemalism -- a word used to refer to those measures undertaken by Ataturk, after 1924, to constraint the practice, and attractiveness, of Islam to Turks.
		Ba’athism arose from the desire of mainly Christian Arab “intellectuals” (always an absurd word)in Damascus to come up with an ideology which would allow them something more than a marginal existence in Arab political life.
		Ba’athism allowed the Alawites to adhere to, and to promote, an ideology that limited political rivals among the Sunni Muslim majority, but did not itself constitute a conscious effort, a la Mustafa Kemal, to tie Islam in knots.
	www.jihadwatch.org /archives/003646.php (4247 words)

	Wake Up Call for the "Left"
		So Baathism wants to recreate the Arab empire of the seventh century in some modern version but it's not quite so global and grandiose as Islamism.
		Also, Baathism is in a state of deep decay.
		But the notion of overthrowing Baathism -- a rival/cousin totalitarian movement of Islamism -- and being able to help the Iraqis replace it with some aspect of a liberal society would hearten liberals, people with rationalist ideas and the notion of liberal rights and separation of church and state, throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds.
	www.gamla.org.il /english/article/2003/april/g1.htm (5516 words)

	The Syrian-Iraqi Baath party and its Nazi beginnings
		Michael Aflaq was a Greek Orthodox Christian and would become the main ideologue of Baathism, preaching freedom from Western colonialism, Arab unity and socialism.
		For the Western-educated founders of Baathism, Islam smacked of backwardness.
		Baathism had something else to offer these youths: its tight, disciplined internal organisation which - at any rate, before the party became corrupt - stood in sharp contrast to the ramshackle nature of many Arab civil institutions.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~jkatz/baath.html (1313 words)

	Bush is an idiot, but he was right about Saddam - Salon
		Berman finds Qutb's analysis of the "hideous schizophrenia" of modern society "rich, nuanced, deep, soulful, and heartfelt." Qutb's work also convinced Berman that in Islamism we face a threat not unlike such 20th century totalitarian movements as fascism and communism.
		Many people were so caught up in the more or less victory of liberal democratic ideas and institutions that there was a tendency to imagine that problems in other parts of the world were just going to be regional problems that really weren't deeply going to affect us.
		Baathism is yet another variant of the same thing, and probably in the next few days it will, in Iraq, be overthrown by the same Americans and British who overthrew Mussolini.
	dir.salon.com /story/books/int/2003/03/22/berman/index.html (1407 words)

	Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - Publications
		Baathism was founded in 1943 in Damascus, under the authority of Vichy France, in collaboration with the Nazis.
		It is sometimes falsely maintained that Baathism is a secular movement and this is a popular and conventional idea, the origin of which I don't really understand.
		It was always the theory of Baathism that the Arab nation, meaning the Arabs as an ethnic nation, have a special role to play in the world.
	www.carnegieendowment.org /publications/index.cfm?fa=print&id=16299 (7546 words)

	A Clean Break : A New Strategy for Securing the Realm
		Baathism seeks to combine Leninist socialism, a concept of "Arab awakening," and even racial nationalism.
		Baathism is perhaps the most extreme and tyrannical form of secular-Arab nationalism.
		Secular-Arab nationalism, particularly Baathism, undermines regional stability and damages the West؟s interests not only in its active role as a threat, but also in its more passive role as an obstacle to introducing more formidable, and beneficial, intellectual defenses among Arabs with which to stem fundamentalism.
	www.palestineremembered.com /Acre/Articles/Story1351.html (18204 words)

	Arabic Media Internet Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This pattern of reference to people in Iraq is practiced also by the media, even though neither the leaders nor the groups identify themselves in their public appearances by religion or ethnicity.
		And when they speak of Baathism as an ideology, they seem to imply that it is a bad thing, associated with terrorism, cruelty, or Saddam Hussein's dictatorship.
		Baathism's general mission is simply to revive and unify the Arabs as a nation.
	www.amin.org /eng/elias_tuma/2003/nov01.html (1208 words)

	Gene Expression: Pedantic note on Iraq
		The backstory is that Baathism is very much an effort to unite Arab peoples under a 19th century European conception of nationality.
		It should perhaps be no surprise that Syrian Baathism is buttressed by the Alawite religious minority and has a reputation of religious tolerance toward Christians (Alawites celebrate some Christian festivals, like Christmas).
		During the Iran-Iraq War Baathism was a way to rally Shia Arabs against their co-religionists in Iran (though there was a bizarre religious element in that the Baathist regime attempted to portray the Iranians as Zoroastrian fire worshippers).
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/003544.html (814 words)

	The Jamestown Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This article will outline the core viewpoints of militant Islam and Baathism as they are reproduced in Arab mass media.
		Baathism, too, opposes democracy and liberal ideas on principal.
		According to Baathism, the Arabs can return to their "pure, original nature" only under the leadership of a revolutionary leader -- the head of the Baath party and the head of an Arab state.
	www.jamestown.org /publications_details.php?volume_id=391&&issue_id=2878 (1111 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Liberal War Hawks Reconsider the Iraq War: Round 3 by Slate
		Baathism is a species of radical Arab nationalism.
		It was because radical Islamism and Baathism (to restrict the discussion to that one branch of radical Arab nationalism) do have their differences.
		The specific tactic of suicide terror is said to have been originally a specialty of the radical Islamists in Iran, who exported it to the Hezbollah in Lebanon—the people who truck-bombed the U.S. Marine barracks there (and French barracks, too).
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=11931 (2524 words)

	OpinionJournal - Featured Article
		After 1945 Baathism fell under Soviet influence, which only reinforced the movement's totalitarian characteristics.
		Baathism has, indeed, combined the Nazi and Soviet models, suppressing opposition by ruthless use of a secret police and, on occasion, massacres of entire towns, while propping up the dictatorship with militaristic propaganda.
		But if they want the power of Baathism to be broken, as incoming leaders like Ahmad Chalabi certainly do, they need the Allies to help them do it.
	www.opinionjournal.com /editorial/feature.html?id=110003400 (1313 words)

	Kanan Makiya: "All Levels of the Iraqi Government Were Complicit." - Middle East Quarterly - Spring 2005
		Kanan Makiya: Baathism is one of the many streams of Arab nationalist ideology and practice.
		While Michel Aflaq, one of the founders of the Baath party, was interested in fascist ideology, the party started to fuse elements of socialist ideology with Arab nationalism after World War II.
		Makiya: To Baathists, being an Arab is connected with the degree of loyalty that one has, not only to the idea of "Arabness," but also to the party that carries that idea, that party's central committee, and ultimately, to the party leader.
	www.meforum.org /article/718 (2907 words)

	Definition of Baathism - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "Baathism" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "Baathism" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "Baathism" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/Baathism (61 words)

	Saddam Loyalists - America's Debate
		Baathism is an actual political ideology, and people fight for those beliefs.
		I'm not defending Baathism, its not like I'm a Baathist (as if any attempt to understand it is a defense).
		Certaintly no one supports Baathism because some Baathists have slaughtered/raped/tortured Iraqis, they support Baathism for the reasons that I gave in my post.
	www.americasdebate.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=4236 (2385 words)

	The Fourth Rail: An Empty Insurgency
		There are two fundamental errors of the theory that it cannot overcome and that play to Iraq’s long-term favor.
		Baathism in Iraq was never anything but simple, nepotistic despotism to begin with; the ruling elite never was deluded that the Iraqi people were anything but subjects to be ruled with an iron hand.
		But one of Osama bin Laden’s (and hence al Qaeda’s generally) basic premises is that the Muslim ummah, the masses, are thirsting to live in a strict sharia society.
	billroggio.com /archives/2005/04/an_empty_insurg_1.php (6164 words)

	FreeArabForum
		Baathism's fascistic ideology is soon to be cast into the dustbin of history.....
		This is a force of history, it cannot be stopped, the repression has reached a saturation point and the people are now armed with that deadly weapon of hope; all thanks to the United States of America.
		So, to all you leftists demonstrating in Madrid against Iraqi Freedom, to all you who marched and chanted and yelled in response to the lifting of the jackboot of Ba'athism from the necks of the Iraqi people: may you drown in the shame knowing that you have stood on the wrong side of history.
	www.freearabforum.blogspot.com /2004_03_01_freearabforum_archive.html (7026 words)

	Boston.com / News / Rebuilding Iraq
		Aziz was attracted to Baathism, which was founded by the Michel Aflaq, a Syrian Christian.
		The Baath movement attempts to merge elements of socialism, pan-Arabism and Islamic culture in a secular framework.
		Because of its religious pluralism, Baathism has been has been a route up for many Christians in Iraq and Syria, the other Baathist state.
	www.boston.com /news/packages/iraq/globe_stories/010891_aziz.htm (859 words)

	Jawad M. Hashim, JMH International: Book Review
		Hashim was rejected and his father got him an audience with the Defense Minister Ghazi Al-Dagestani, which was unsuccessful, it would be a year before he could apply again and he spent the time in London attending an English language academy.
		Aside from language training, Hashim was introduced to Baathism by a fellow Iraqi student; he writes that his circle of Iraqi friends in England introduced him to concepts Arab nationalism, freedom, civil society and socialism.
		He returned to Iraq in 1956 and joined Baghdad University School of Business, for four years he made the gradual transition from entertaining Baathist ideas to full member, participating in strikes and political agitation that brought down the monarchy of King Feysal II in 1958.
	www.cavecybernation.com /jawad/book (4188 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The tenets of Baathism -- freedom, unity, and socialism -- have become obsolete since the party seized power in the 1960s.
		By the time Bashar succeeded his father as president in 2000, socialism had become an outdated economic system lacking ideological vigor and a vehicle to enrich and protect the interests of senior Baath figures.
		It is safe to expect that Asad may further separate the Baath Party from the state, while continuing to rejuvenate Baathism, by replacing the old guard with less ideological, more pragmatic party members with an interest in reform.
	www.washingtoninstitute.org /templateC05.php?CID=2322 (1383 words)

	Middle East Online
		The monthly payment would range from 50 to 250 dollars for between 200,000 and 250,000 former professional soldiers who would be eligible.
		"The payments will be paid monthly and the recipients must renounce Baathism and violence," the statement said, adding that no payment would be made to senior Baath party members.
		It also gave details of the New Iraqi Army the US authorities are to establish, adding that recruiting for that force would begin next week.
	www.middle-east-online.com /english?id=6085 (407 words)

	Iraq - Internal Security in the 1980s
		The Security Troops formed an elite group of 4,800 whose primary task was to protect the Baath leadership in Iraq.
		Their ranks were filled with the most loyal troops serving in the Iraqi armed forces, whose dedication to Baathism and to Saddam Husayn personally had been tested on numerous occasions.
		These troops faced considerable danger because the frequent assassination attempts on the president and on his close associates usually meant loss of life among bodyguards.
	countrystudies.us /iraq/115.htm (552 words)

	National Review Online (http://www.nationalreview.com)
		Founded in 1944 by Michel Aflaq, Baathism was based upon contemporary Italian fascism and German Nazism.
		The party is ethnically chauvinist, blatantly advocating discrimination against Iraq's sizeable non-Arab communities.
		Baathism was the ideological basis for the Anfal ethnic-cleansing campaign, in which senior Iraqi army officers directed the slaughter of over 100,000 Iraqi Kurdish civilians.
	www.nationalreview.com /script/printpage.p?ref=/comment/rubin200404230907.asp (993 words)

	Kennedy School Op-Ed: Barbara Bodine: If We Leave Iraqis Will Learn to Deal
		Economically, none can survive long without the others, if only because of oil pipelines that traverse the country and the perceptions of jittery foreign investors.
		Politically, majoritarianism is as untenable as was Baathism.
		And a hollowed-out national government saddled with an unworkable resource allocation plan, militias posing as an army and competing legal systems is unsustainable.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /ksgnews/Features/opeds/121105_bodine.htm (627 words)

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		Nobody has killed as many Baathists as Saddam, or so comprehensively perverted the movement's values: He was the Stalin of Baathism.
		By the same token, a Baathism freed of Saddam's malign influence is likely to be stronger, not weaker: As the only mass political movement in the Arab world that has never knelt before American power, it retains some credibility in Iraq even now.
		But while the stalwarts of the Baath party are doubtless a key factor in organizing the attacks on American and other foreign troops, they are not the main reason that the U.S. occupation faces such strong opposition in Iraq.
	www.thejakartapost.com /yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20031218.F02 (890 words)

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