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	AllRefer.com - Syria - The Baath Party Apparatus \| Syrian Information Resource
		AllRefer.com - Syria - The Baath Party Apparatus
		At the eighth Baath Party regional congress in January 1985, the Central Committee's membership was increased from seventy-five to ninety-five.
		Baath Party presence in the armed forces was separate but parallel to that in the civilian apparatus.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/syria/syria88.html (1436 words)

	Why War? Keywords: Baath Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ba‘ath always claimed to be speaking for the entire Arab nation and the progress of the masses, though it was extremely exclusive, factional and often relying on nationalist radicals in the militaries.
		Ba‘athist party structure was from the beginning based on the party cell or circle, composed of three to seven members, which constitutes the basic organisational unit of the party.
		The party congress, which combined all the branches, was responsible for electing the regional command as the core of the party leadership and top decision-making mechanism.
	why-war.com /encyclopedia/organizations/Baath_Party (1700 words)

	Al Ba'th Party Profile
		Baath Party was from the beginning a secular Arab nationalist party.
		Regional Command Leadership of the Baath Party is held by Bashar Al-Assad in Syria.
		Baath Party remains committed to a unified Arab nation even though as a practical matter, domestic concerns in Iraq have commanded the most attention.
	www.iraqinews.com /party_baath_party.shtml (429 words)

	Syria - The Baath Party Apparatus
		At the eighth Baath Party regional congress in January 1985, the Central Committee's membership was increased from seventy-five to ninety-five.
		Baath Party presence in the armed forces was separate but parallel to that in the civilian apparatus.
		Baath Party appointees included a five-member Inspection and Control Committee, elected in 1980 and charged with enforcing the statutes of the Baath Party and monitoring internal affairs, discipline, and deviation from party norms.
	countrystudies.us /syria/54.htm (1291 words)

	Baath Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		3 The Baath in Syria, 1954 - 1963
		Other socialist parties accepting the basic orientation of the regime were permitted to operate again, and in 1973 the National Progressive Front was established as a coalition of the legal parties; the Baath remained firmly in control.
		In Lebanon the party is led by Assem Qanso, a Shiite worker of Kurdish descent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baath_Party (3473 words)

	Al Jazeera English - Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Baath movement in one country was considered merely an aspect of, or a phase leading to, "a unified democratic socialist Arab nation".
		The Baath party embraced the principles of "unity, freedom, and socialism".
		Baath joined other opposition parties to form the United National Front and participated in the activities that led to the 1958 revolution ending the British control of Iraq.
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/AFBF5651-45AF-45E7-910E-ECA0AFEA24C1.htm (1098 words)

	Baath Party
		Baath Party, formally the Baath Arab Socialist Party: Political party and movement influential among Arab communities in the Middle East, especially in Syria and Iraq.
		The Iraqi branch of the Baath party was established in 1954 after the merger of the Baath with Akram al-Hurani’s Arab Socialist Party in 1952, to form the Arab Baath Socialist Party.
		A new constitution, approved in 1973, stated that the Baath Party is “leading party in the state and society”.
	www.damascus-online.com /se/hist/baath_party.htm (476 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| The Iraqi Baath party
		The Iraqi Baath party was one of the tools by which Saddam Hussein maintained a tight grip on his country.
		Though the Baath party was formally the institution that ruled Iraq, actual power, even in the early days, was in the hands of a narrow elite united by family and tribal ties, not ideology.
		As part of Saddam Hussein's power structure and complicit in his brutal rule, the Baath party was expected to disintegrate with the end of his rule.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/2886733.stm (630 words)

	The Militant - April 21, 2003 -- Baath party beheaded 1958 revolution
		In fact, the first Baath Party government, brought to power by a military coup on Feb. 8, 1963, dealt Iraqi workers and farmers the single biggest defeat in the country’s modern history.
		The formation of the Baathist parties was part of the rise of Arab nationalism and resistance to the colonial oppression of the major European capitalist powers.
		Party cadres function as part of the police and military apparatus, while constructing their own parallel structures of surveillance and repression.
	www.themilitant.com /2003/6713/671359.html (1201 words)

	[No title]
		For some time there have been rumors of a serious internal rift in the Iraqi Baath Party, which is operating underground and in exile.
		There is not much reporting of Baath Party politics outside of Iraq, but inside the country, it's always a major item of discussion, and speculation.
		Most of the Baath Party money is used to pay terrorists to build and plant IEDs or terrorize government officials.
	www.strategypage.com /qnd/iraq/articles/20060525.aspx (658 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Syria's ruling party backs reforms on political parties, state of emergency
		In addition, the Baath Party said Syria should improve relations with Iraq, find a solution to problems with its minority Kurds and commit itself to a strategy of peace to "restore occupied lands," a reference to the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, the official Syrian TV reported.
		The recommendations were approved by delegates at the Baath Party congress after being adopted by its political committee, one of three set up after the party gathering began Monday.
		Baath Party official Ahmed Haj Ali said the political committee "endorsed a relaxation and modification of the emergency law.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20050609-1245-syria-baathparty.html (636 words)

	Iraq - POLITICS
		In 1968 the Baath regime confronted a wide range of problems, such as ethnic and sectarian tensions, the stagnant condition of agriculture, commerce, and industry, the inefficiency and the corruption of government, and the lack of political consensus among the three main sociopolitical groups--the Shia Arabs, the Sunni Arabs, and the Kurds.
		The Baath's elitist approach derived from the principle that the party's effectiveness could only be measured by its demonstrable ability to mobilize and to lead the people, and not by "size, number, or form." Participation in the party was virtually a requisite for social mobility.
		Michel Aflaq, one of the original cofounders of the Baath Party, was the secretary general of the Baghdad-based National Command, and Saddam Husayn was the vice-chairman.
	countrystudies.us /iraq/77.htm (1794 words)

	USATODAY.com - Franks orders Saddam's Baath Party to cease existence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		BAGHDAD, Iraq (AP) — The United States declared Saddam Hussein's Baath Party dead Sunday, with the war's commander telling Iraqis that the instrument of their deposed dictator's power was dissolved and promising to purge its influence from the country it dominated for 35 years.
		Unseating the Baath, which advocated Arab unity but became a personal tool of Saddam and his lieutenants, was considered a top priority of American military planners in the run-up to the Iraq war, which began March 20 and largely ended by mid-April.
		The Baath Party was founded in neighboring Syria in 1943 and spread across the Arab world, promoting Arab superiority and Arab unity with a violent, Soviet-style party structure.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2003-05-11-baath-party_x.htm (843 words)

	USATODAY.com - Syria nervous as Baath party next door is dissolved (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		BEIRUT (AP) — Syria's ruling Baath party is watching with concern as U.S. forces break up the Iraqi Baathists, their long-estranged cousins in Arab politics and the power base of Saddam Hussein's government.
		The Arab Socialist Baath Party was founded as a secular, nationalist party in Syria in the 1940s by a small group of French-educated intellectuals.
		Syria's branch of the party broke with the Iraqi Baath in 1966 amid political infighting.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2003-05-14-syria-baathparty_x.htm (743 words)

	THE BAATH PARTY SEEKS A YOUTHFUL IMAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The party’s efforts to rejuvenate have been highlighted by its decision to have its officials elected by the party base rather than the leadership.
		According to Musli, this reform of the Baath’s electoral system is an attempt to “dynamize” the party, a structure whose 1.25-million membership accounts for seven percent of Syria’s 17 million inhabitants.
		The party took a new turn at the June 2000 congress following the death of President Hafez Assad, when his son Bashar was elected general secretary, and fresh blood was brought into the leadership with 21 new members.
	www.mmorning.com /article.asp?Article=2652&CategoryID=6 (460 words)

	BASP
		The BASP's Constitution is the most important fundamental document issued by the Party.
		It directs the Party decision-making at different levels of leadership.
		It designed the Party interna, external, economic, social, cultural and educational policies in a unified Arab State.
	www.baath-party.org /eng/constitution.htm (131 words)

	US Faces Difficult Task in Purging Iraq of Baath Party
		The party had been founded in Syria nine years earlier, and it advocated a philosophy of Arab unity, independence and socialism.
		Under Saddam Hussein, the Baath party extended its tentacles to all levels of society, and it controlled Iraq through an elaborate system of patronage and terror.
		The coalition forces have replaced the Baath party, and we are people that know how to follow and serve our people," he said.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /news/2003/emay/19_baath.html (796 words)

	Syria Baath Party Congress Ends, Only Modest Reform
		The party is likely to loosen its grip on government, allow some political parties, amend an emergency law that allows arbitrary arrest and liberalize a media that is now little more than its mouthpiece.
		She gave scant details on the third day of talks, but other Baath Party officials said the changes meant senior government positions would no longer be reserved for the party's top brass.
		The congress is also likely to scale back the Country Command, the party's top body, from 21 members to around 15 about half of whom are expected to be new faces, they said.
	www.aina.org /news/2005069100736.htm (573 words)

	Baath Party entrenched in Saddam's cult of personality
		The Baath Party is one of Saddam's primary levers of power, and now that there is war, it has proven one of his most able weapons.
		Party loyalists were appointed to every neighborhood, street and in some cities, every block, in order to keep the public in line.
		Ahmed Abdul Kalik, 27, is a Baath Party member from Kirkuk, a northern Iraqi city that is rich in oil and a potential flash point because of its mixed ethic population of Kurds, Arabs and Turkomen.
	www.rickross.com /reference/general/general539.html (1188 words)

	Robert Dreyfuss: Interview: Baath leader calls for peace talks
		Although he stressed that he is not an official spokesman for the party or for the resistance in Iraq, it is clear from his comments that he remains close to those leading the fight in Iraq.
		The party has declared many times that no free election, no real election could be held under the occupation, according to the international law.
		According to my knowledge the party has decided before the invasion to not appoint spokesmen representing it anywhere, simply because [such] behavior could subject the party to the penetration.
	robertdreyfuss.com /blog/2005/12/interview_baath_leader_calls_f.html (1864 words)

	Boston.com / Rebuilding Iraq
		Unseating the Baath was considered a top priority of American military planners in the run-up to the Iraq war, which began March 20 and had largely ended by mid-April.
		Saddam, who reportedly got his start in the party as a clandestine killer, was a force behind the scenes starting in the late 1960s but did not formally grab control until 1979.
		The Baath Party was founded in Syria in 1943 and spread around the Arab world, promoting Arab superiority and Arab unity with a violent, Soviet-style party structure.
	www.boston.com /news/daily/11/baath_party.htm (747 words)

	The Syrian-Iraqi Baath party and its Nazi beginnings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Baath Arab Socialist Party, to give the organisation its formal title, is the original secular Arab nationalist movement, founded in Damascus in the 1940s to combat Western colonial rule.
		The Iraqi branch of the Baath party was established in 1954.
		As a counterweight to the Baath, Qassim allied with the Iraqi Communist Party (the strongest in the Middle East).
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~jkatz/baath.html (1313 words)

	Saddam's Baath Party Is Back in Business - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		The result was the return to Iraq of a handful of prominent exiled Iraqi members, who created a shadowy, neo-Baathist organization called "Al Islah," Arabic for "The Reform." The group held a conference in London in early spring, according to news accounts of the private meeting and sources familiar with the participants.
		Within a year after the fall of the former regime, the Baath Party was restructured as an umbrella organization for opposition groups that run the gamut from anti-occupation nationalists to Islamic extremists, said Sabah Kadhim, spokesman for the Iraqi Interior Ministry.
		Kadhim said there is no doubt that Baathists remain active in Iraq, numbering in "the thousands." The Iraqi government is struggling to track their activities, he said, because of the U.S.-led dismantling of the old intelligence apparatus and the fact that former Baathists are much better trained and organized than the Allawi government's fledgling agents.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/iraq/resist/2004/0907baath.htm (1259 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is against this background that the upcoming Party Congress will discuss a new law for political parties as part of a continuing process to redefine the role of the Baath party.
		What opposition parties most likely to be tolerated have in common is a nationalistic outlook and a general antipathy toward the West, especially the United States.
		It is safe to expect that Asad may further separate the Baath Party from the state, while continuing to rejuvenate Baathism, by replacing the old guard with less ideological, more pragmatic party members with an interest in reform.
	www.washingtoninstitute.org /templateC05.php?CID=2322 (1353 words)

	The diplomacy of imperialism: Iraq and US foreign policy Part three: The Iraqi Baath Party, from its origins to ...
		It was from the beginning an internally contradictory organization that combined appeals to the socialist aspirations of broad sections of the population with a pan-Arabism that denied the existence of any fundamental conflict between the interests of the Arab bourgeoisie and those of the working class.
		In practice, whenever the Baath Party came to power—as it did in Syria in the late 1950s and in Iraq in the 1960s—it abandoned socialism in favor of “unity,” that is, the subordination of the working class to the national bourgeoisie.
		The final success of the party in the late 1960s was not due to any real popular support, but rather to its ability to win to its side a sufficient number of people in important military posts.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2004/mar2004/iraq-m16.shtml (1527 words)

	The Baath Party and the U.S. war on iraq
		The Arab Baath Socialist Party was first established in Damascus in the 1940s, and was one of the various political forces revolting against the 'liberal' regimes established by British and French colonial powers in Syria and Iraq.
		The Baath Party quickly began to reorganise, depending on civilians to assume leadership positions and physically remove all elements of opposition.
		Members of the Baath Party could be driven to fierce resistance to the allies through fear of the reprisals that await them with the downfall of the regime.
	www.siyassa.org.eg /esiyassa/ahram/2003/4/1/FILE3.HTM (1316 words)

	Iraq's Baath Party Is Abolished
		The party essentially evaporated after U.S. forces invaded Iraq and overthrew Hussein and his government, but Franks made it official by ordering an institution that exercised power in every Iraqi city and village to cease existence immediately.
		The effect of Franks's declaration remained unclear, but it seemed largely symbolic, given the party's organizational implosion and the somewhat contradictory U.S. request that many former high-ranking government officials, most of whom were Baath members, report to their jobs as usual.
		The only Baath members automatically disqualified from participating in the new government are senior figures from Hussein's rule because of suspected involvement in human rights abuses or close ties to the former Iraqi leader.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /news/2003/emay/12_post.html (795 words)

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