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Topic: Babbage

	Charles Babbage
		Charles Babbage was born in Devonshire in 1791.
		Babbage argued that miracles were not, as Hume write, violations of laws of nature, but could exist in a mechanistic world.
		Babbage's unflagging fascination with statistics occasionally overwhelmed him, as is seen in the animation of his Smithsonian proposal.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~history/Babbage.html (3782 words)

	Charles Babbage
		Charles Babbage was a prodigal mathematician, a social charmer, a renaissance personality, and a genius whose life-work predicated the modern computer.
		Babbage's creations were the Difference engines, so called because they were designed to compute tables of numbers according to the method of finite differences, and the more complex Analytical Engines, which utilized the concern of feeding the results of calculations back into the beginning of subsequent calculations.
		Babbage used his punched cards to introduce numerical values of constants, to define the axis on which the number was to be placed or transferred, and to control the numerical operation cards.
	www.surveyhistory.org /charles_babbage1.htm (675 words)

	BBC - History - Charles Babbage (1791 - 1871)
		Babbage was a British mathematician, an original and innovative thinker and a pioneer of computing.
		Charles Babbage was born on 26 December 1791, probably in London, the son of a banker.
		From 1828 to 1839, Babbage was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/babbage_charles.shtml (301 words)

	Science Museum \| Babbage \| Charles Babbage
		Charles Babbage was born in Walworth, Surrey, on 26 December 1791.
		Babbage pioneered lighthouse signalling, proposed ‘fl box’ recorders for monitoring the conditions preceding railway catastrophes, advocated decimal currency and the use of tidal power once coal reserves were exhausted.
		Babbage designed an apparatus called a Difference Engine so-called because of the mathematical principle on which it was based — the method of finite differences.
	www.sciencemuseum.org.uk /on-line/babbage/page2.asp (448 words)

	Babbage biography
		Woodhouse was one of Babbage's teachers at Cambridge yet he seems to have taken no part in the Society that Babbage was to set up to try to bring the modern continental mathematics to Cambridge.
		Babbage had moved from Trinity College to Peterhouse and it was from that College that he graduated with a B.A. in 1814.
		Babbage was clearly strongly influenced by de Prony's major undertaking for the French Government of producing logarithmic and trigonometric tables with teams of people to carry out the calculations.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Babbage.html (2878 words)

	Charles Babbage (1792 - 1871) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Babbage was something of a zealot in the cause of mathematical accuracy - this was a man who once wrote to poet Alfred Lord Tennyson and demanded he change the lines: "Every moment dies a man, Every moment one is born" to "Every moment dies a man, Every moment one and one-sixteenth is born".
		Babbage's big mistake was being born in an age which had the basic knowledge to design such a machine, but no technology with which to build it.
		Babbage's drawings and plans still exist - parts of the original mill and printer were even built, years later, by his son (and now reside in the PowerHouse Museum in Sydney) - but the Analytical Engine itself never saw the light of day.
	www.kerryr.net /pioneers/babbage.htm (673 words)

	Charles Babbage
		Charles Babbage was born on December 26, 1791 in Teignmouth, Devon, the son of a banker.
		Charles Babbage is mainly known as the inventor of a machine known as the Analytical Machine.
		Babbage was also responsible for the invention of: the standard railroad gauge, the cowcatcher, occulting lights for lighthouses, Greenwich time signals, the dynometer and the heliograph ophthalmoscope.
	www.zephyrus.co.uk /charlesbabbage.html (874 words)

	Science Museum \| Babbage \| Introduction
		Charles Babbage (1791-1871) is widely regarded as the first computer pioneer and the great ancestral figure in the history of computing.
		Babbage excelled in a variety of scientific and philosophical subjects though his present-day reputation rests largely on the invention and design of his vast mechanical calculating engines.
		However, there is no direct line of descent from Babbage’s work to the modern electronic computer invented by the pioneers of the electronic age in the late 1930s and early 1940s largely in ignorance of the detail of Babbage's work.
	www.sciencemuseum.org.uk /on-line/babbage/index.asp (286 words)

	Charles Babbage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Born on December 26, 1791 in London, Babbage's only formal schooling as a child as opposed to tutors was in a small school of thirty other children in Enfield, a small town north of London.
		Babbage's plans of the Difference Engine were never completed, but his vision went beyond that of the Difference Engine.
		Babbage is considered to be the pioneer of the first computer while Ada Lovelace wrote his programs.
	www.bavidge.co.uk /charles_babbage.htm (500 words)

	babbage - Doron Swade
		Babbage is celebrated as the great ancestral figure in the history of computing, and almost every lecture about Babbage starts with a statement of that kind.
		Babbage was convinced that Airy's hostile advocacy of his engines and his advice to government that the engines were worthless was based on a personal hostility of jealousy, and a particular court case court case in which Babbage acted as an expert witness against the party that was being advised by Airy.
		Babbage occupied the Lucasian professorship from 1828 to 1839.
	ed-thelen.org /bab/bab-d-swade-talk.html (12619 words)

	Lemelson-MIT Program
		Babbage helped found the Astronomical Society in 1820, and it was at that time that he first became interested in calculating machinery.
		Babbage, like Isaac Newton, believed there was a distinct order to the universe, that basically once all things were quantified, all things could be predicted.
		And today, the Charles Babbage Foundation is named in his honor in recognition of his intellectual contributions and their influence on the modern computing world.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/babbage.html (520 words)

	The Digital Research Initiative
		Babbage made several important contributions in other areas: he wrote a consumer guide to life assurance; pioneered lighthouse signaling; scattered technical ideas and inventions in magnificent profusion; developed mathematical code breaking; and made important contributions to the field of political economics.
		Babbage was from the newtonian school of thought and believed that once all things where explained, all things could be predicted.
		Babbage was not familiar with concepts of heat propagation, nor was he knowledgeable on the efforts made by colleagues on heat and mechanical energy.
	www.ibiblio.org /team/history/evolution/charles.html (602 words)

	The Babbage Pages: Biography
		Babbage's greatest achievement was his detailed plans for Calculating Engines, both the table-making Difference Engines and the far more ambitious Analytical Engines, which were flexible and powerful, punched-card controlled general purpose calculaters, embodying many features which later reappeared in the modern stored program computer.
		Babbage gave a highly original discussion of the division of labour, which was followed by John Stuart Mill.
		Babbage's discussion of the effect of the development of production technology on the size of factories was taken up by Marx, and was fundamental to Marxist theory of capitalist socio-economic development.
	www.projects.ex.ac.uk /babbage/biograph.html (733 words)

	Charles Babbage (1791-1871)
		Charles Babbage was an astonishingly original and innovative thinker in Victorian Britain.
		Babbage's Analytical Engine designs are particularly impressive today as they contained many similar elements to modern digital computers.
		Miracles were not, argued Babbage, evidence of the succession of natural laws, but might merely be evidence of a higher or greater law of which we had heretofore been ignorant.
	www.victorianweb.org /science/babbage.html (765 words)

	What is Charles Babbage? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: Babbage
		Babbage worked as a mathematician in Cambridge University where he received his MA in 1817 and later, like Newton, whose mathematical principles he espoused, occupied the Lucasian chair in mathematics.
		As a scientist, Babbage was obsessed with facts and statistics and lived in a rationalistic world where it was assumed that if all facts, past and present, could be known then all future events were determinable.
		Although remembered today primarily for his calculating engines, Babbage left a legacy in the fields of political theory (he was an ardent industrialist) and operations research (where his 1832 publication, "On the Economy of Manufactures," cataloged the manufacturing processes of the day).
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci213713,00.html (337 words)

	Charles Babbage
		Charles Babbage was born in London on December 26, 1792 (3), the son of Benjamin Babbage, a London banker.
		As a youth Babbage was his own instructor in algebra, of which he was passionately fond, and was well-read in the continental mathematics of his day.
		Babbage occupied the Lucasian chair of mathematics at Cambridge from 1828 to 1839.
	www.thocp.net /biographies/babbage_charles.html (702 words)

	Inventor Charles Babbage Biography
		Charles Babbage was born in London on December 26, 1791, the son of Benjamin Babbage, a London banker.
		Babbage's greatest achievement was his detailed plans for Calculating Engines, both the table-making Difference Engines and the far more ambitious Analytical Engines, which were flexible and powerful, punched-card controlled general purpose calculators, embodying many features which later reappeared in the modern stored program computer.
		Babbage is sometimes referred to as "father of computing." The Charles Babbage Foundation took his name to honor his intellectual contributions and their relation to modern computers.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/babbage.htm (3160 words)

	No. 243: Babbage's Engine
		Babbage was a 19th-century mathematician whose whole life was devoted to automatic calculation.
		Babbage called the arithmetic unit of his engine its "mill," because the gears in it really did grind away to produce a result.
		Tee, G.J., The Heritage of Charles Babbage in Australasia.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi243.htm (448 words)

	Babbage Computer
		Babbage's reputation has been vindicated, both as a visionary of the computer age and as an engineer of the most extraordinary calibre
		But Babbage, derided by those who thought the task impossible, never got to complete his Difference Engine, or the printer to run off the tables that were then widely used in navigation, engineering, banking and insurance.
		He said Babbage's design was perfect except for what are now thought to have been some deliberate errors intended to foil spies." There were some mistakes, but we think he was afraid of industrial espionage," he told the BBC.
	www.bavidge.co.uk /babbage_computer.htm (613 words)

	Sketch of The Analytical Engine
		Babbage's engine; the comprehension of this would entail studies of much length; and I shall endeavour merely to give an insight into the end proposed, and to develop the principles on which its attainment depends.
		Babbage conceived that the operations performed under the third section might be executed by a machine; and this idea he realized by means of mechanism, which has been in part put together, and to which the name Difference Engine is applicable, on account of the principle upon which its construction is founded.
		Babbage must inspire, affords legitimate ground for hope that this enterprise will be crowned with success; and while we render homage to the intelligence which directs it, let us breathe aspirations for the accomplishment of such an undertaking.
	www.fourmilab.ch /babbage/sketch.html (15015 words)

	Tools for Thought by Howard Rheingold: Chapter Two
		Babbage would write letters to editors about street noise, and half the organ-grinders in London took to serenading under Babbage's window when they were in their cups.
		Babbage had stumbled upon the idea of a universal calculating machine, an idea that was to have momentous consequences when Alan Turing--another brilliant, eccentric British mathematician who was tragically ahead of his time--considered it again in the 1930's.
		Babbage called his hypothetical master calculator the "Analytical Engine." The same internal parts were to be made to perform different calculations, through the use of different "patterns of action" to reconfigure the order in which the parts were to move for each calculation.
	www.well.com /user/hlr/texts/tft2.html (6832 words)

	Babbage
		Babbage also didn't include any counterbalances for the weight of the locking strips, though he had included springs to balance the weight of the columns; Reg had to figure out a way to add these himself.
		It apparently wasn't always the case that the machine always gave the correct answer, though; initially they had had a problem with the carry mechanism, and it was Reg's task to try to determine which of the 200-odd warning levers for the carry hammers wasn't turning.
		Reg said that in a way the printer was harder to build than the engine itself, because all of the pieces had to be fitted together, then intersections had to be marked, then the pieces needed to be disassembled and holes drilled before fastening them together.
	ftldesign.com /Babbage/index.htm (2673 words)

	Great creation scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Although Babbage was professor of mathematics at Cambridge University from 1826 until 1835, he was rarely required to lecture.
		Babbage's inventions and his research techniques played a significant role in the development of Britain's industrial technology in an era when Britain was emerging as the industrial leader of the world.
		Babbage will be remembered as the father of modern computing, but he should also be remembered as a committed Christian.
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v18/i2/babbage.asp (1434 words)

	babbage - introduction
		Babbage designed this version of difference engine during 1847-1949, using technical improvements discovered while he was designing his Analytical Engine.
		Babbage had investigated errors in navigational and astronomical tables, and realized that both correct computation and printing were needed.
		Since the Babbage machine is capable of up to 31 digit precision, errors due to the limited precision of the floating point other packages introduces serious simulation errors.
	ed-thelen.org /bab/bab-intro.html (4456 words)

	Charles Babbage
		Dignitaries of the mathematical establishment including Babbage, the astronomer Francis Baily and the logician Augustus De Morgan witnessed the device in action and confirmed its originality and efficiency.
		Babbage's engines used the familiar decimal system with the numbers 0 through 9 each of which was represented by a discrete position of a rotating gear wheel.
		As with Babbage, the fate of innovation depended on vastly more than the promise or capability of the technology alone.
	www.zyvex.com /nanotech/babbage.html (789 words)

	Charles Babbage 4
		The major problem with the Difference Engine was that all the pieces had to be in certain positions to start with or the answer would not be correct and the pieces had to be moved back to the starting position each time a new calculation was made.
		Babbage was never able to complete his Difference Engine because he ran out of money and financing at the same time he became more interested in building the more advanced Analytical Engine.
		The Analytical Engine was a non-electronic machine with an input device (punched cards), a memorydevice that Babbage called the store, a central processing unit called the mill, and an output device (a mechanical printer), designed to process all types of mathematical equations.
	www.blackwood.org /Bab4.htm (428 words)

	SJSU Virtual Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Babbage is known for his ideas about building an "analytical engine", the predecessor of the digital computer.
		He proposed operations research which involves the idea of using machines to perform routine mathematical operations and thus deleting drudgery and errors in human calculation.
		Among Babbage's writings are Reflections on the Decline of Science in England written in 1831 and On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (1833).
	www.sjsu.edu /depts/Museum/bab.html (131 words)

	[No title]
		Each course offered by the Babbage Net School embodies current, accepted course requirements covered in a traditional school course with the means of presentation modified to be delivered through a computer and enhanced whenever possible to take advantage of the material available on the Internet.
		Through a growing list of enrichment courses, the Babbage Net School is also making it possible for students to take courses not normally offered in their school.
		The Babbage Net School will not and should not replace the traditional school, but these advances enable Babbage to help school districts expand their course offerings, enhance the instruction given to a portion of their students, and meet their budget requirements.
	www.babbagenetschool.com /information.html (560 words)

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