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Topic: Bacillus

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Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus natto

Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus cereus

Bacilli

Gram positive

Firmicutes

Gram staining

Clostridiales

Bacteria

Staphylococcus

Bacterium

Eubacteria

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	Medmicro Chapter 15
		Several other Bacillus spp, in particular B cereus and to a lesser extent B subtilis and B licheniformis, are periodically associated with bacteremia/septicemia, endocarditis, meningitis, and infections of wounds, the ears, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract.
		Bacillus species are used in many medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial processes that take advantage of their wide range of physiologic characteristics and their ability to produce a host of enzymes, antibiotics, and other metabolites.
		Bacillus cereus and its close relatives B thuringiensis and B mycoides produce potent ß-lactamases and thus are not responsive to penicillin, ampicillin, or the cephalosporins.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch015.htm (4693 words)

	Bacillus
		NAKAMURA (L.K.): DNA relatedness of Bacillus brevis Migula 1900 strains and proposal of Bacillus agri sp.
		1989 and the synonym is "Bacillus sphaericus subsp.
		¤ Bacillus marinus (Rüger and Richter 1979) Rüger 1983, comb.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /b/bacillus.html (5619 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Bacillus cereus and other Bacillus spp.
		Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, facultatively aerobic sporeformer whose cells are large rods and whose spores do not swell the sporangium.
		Bacillus cereus was isolated from leftover chicken fried rice and from vomitus from one ill child but not from samples of leftover milk.
		Pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, and Bacillus cereus are naturally present in some soil, and their presence on fresh produce is not rare.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap12.html (1129 words)

	Bacillus
		Bacillus is distinguished from the other endospore-forming bacteria on the basis of being a strict or facultative aerobe, rod-shaped, and (usually) catalase-positive.
		The vegetative cell surface is a laminated structure that consists of a capsule, a proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer), several layers of peptidoglycan sheeting, and the proteins on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
		Bacillus antibiotics share a full range of antimicrobial activity: bacitracin, pumulin, laterosporin, gramicidin and tyrocidin are effective against Gram-positive bacteria; colistin and polymyxin are anti-Gram-negative; difficidin is broad spectrum; and mycobacillin and zwittermicin are anti-fungal.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /Bacillus.html (5350 words)

	Bacillus: Cellular and Molecular Biology
		Bacillus subtilis is one of the best understood prokaryotes in terms of molecular biology and cell biology.
		The Bacillus subtilis chromosome with its 2 mm contour length is compacted into a 1 µm large nucleoid, and sister chromosomes are separated into opposite cell poles during ongoing replication through an active intracellular machinery.
		The cell wall of Bacillus subtilis is a rigid structure on the outside of the cell that forms the first barrier between the bacterium and the environment, and at the same time maintains cell shape and withstands the pressure generated by the cell's turgor.
	www.horizonpress.com /bac (1985 words)

	Anthrax
		The anthrax bacillus, Bacillus anthracis, was the first bacterium shown to be the cause of a disease.
		Bacillus anthracis clearly owes its pathogenicity to two major determinants of virulence: the formation of a poly-D-glutamyly capsule, which mediates the invasive stage of the infection, and the production of the multicomponent anthrax toxin which mediates the toxigenic stage.
		Bacillus anthracis coordinates the expression of its virulence factors in response to a specific environmental signal.
	www.textbookofbacteriology.net /Anthrax.html (3578 words)

	Bacillus licheniformis
		You may know that the gram positive bacterium Bacillus licheniformis has been used for several decades for the industrial production of alpha-amylase and various proteases.
		It has been classified as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the production of alpha-amylase.
		This makes recovery relatively efficient and cost effective.
	www.biotechresources.com /bacillus_intro.html (229 words)

	BACILLUS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bacillus represents a genus of Gram-positive bacteria which are ubiquitous in nature (soil, water, and airborne dust).
		A unique characteristic of this bacterium is its ability to produce endospores when environmental conditions are stressful.
		Although most species of Bacillus are harmless saprophytes, two species are considered medically significant: B.anthracis and B.
	medic.med.uth.tmc.edu /path/00001437.htm (252 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Bacillus cereus and other Bacillus spp. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, facultatively aerobic sporeformer whose cells are large rods and whose spores do not swell the sporangium.
		Bacillus cereus was isolated from leftover chicken fried rice and from vomitus from one ill child but not from samples of leftover milk.
		Pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, and Bacillus cereus are naturally present in some soil, and their presence on fresh produce is not rare.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap12.html (1129 words)

	Bacillus - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bacillus, when capitalized, refers to any rod-shaped, gram-positive bacteria species of this genus.
		The endospore is, essentially, a dormant clone of the original bacterium that is protected by a thickened cell wall, and is retained within the body of the original bacterium.
		An easy way to detect the presence of Bacillus bacteria is to take a piece of substance that is suspected of being contaminated, usually soil, and place it in mannitol salt agar.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php?title=Bacillus&redirect=no&printable=yes (323 words)

	MB451 Bacillus lab (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The enrichment and isolation of Bacillus is straightforward - a sample of soil (rich in Bacillus) is heated to kill non-spore-forming mesophiles, and then plated on rich media and incubated aerobically at 30C.
		Bacillus colonies are typically white and dry or pasty looking, but some form very mucoid colonies (that can drip onto the lid of the plate!), and relatives of B.
		Bacillus cells are typically fairly rectangular rods, often occuring in pairs or chains, with a mottled appearance and obvious endospores.
	www.mbio.ncsu.edu /MB451/lab/Bacillus/isolation.html (276 words)

	EPA: Bacillus subtilis Strain QST 713 (006479) BRAD
		Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 as an active ingredient is a biological control agent for use on several minor crops to treat a variety of plant diseases and fungal pathogens including gray mold, powdery mildew, early and late blight, bacterial spot, and walnut blight.
		Bacillus subtilis is a ubiquitous bacteria commonly found in various ecological niches including soil, water and air which does not have a history of pathogenicity from contact in the environment.
		Bacillus subtilis is not a human pathogen and has not been implicated in human disease, but has been isolated as a rare contaminant from human infections.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/tech_docs/tech_006479.htm (8281 words)

	Bacillus Spp
		Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniforms, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus pumilis all cause food borne illness.
		Bacillus subtilis are aerobic spore forming bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis are anaerobic spore forming bacteria.
		Bacillus licheniformis is often mostly associated with cooked meats and poultry dishes.
	www.lancaster.gov.uk /General.asp?id=SX9C25-A77FDBB5 (775 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis Summary
		Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, soil dwelling bacterium of the genus Bacillus.
		Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis, a strain of B.
		Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, is an endospore forming, soil-dwelling bacterium.
	www.bookrags.com /Bacillus_thuringiensis (1324 words)

	Health Guide: CAR bacillus
		CAR bacillus is a gram negative, gliding bacterium that colonizes the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract consisting of the lungs, the middle ears, the trachea, larynx, and the nasal passages.
		Since CAR bacillus infection is often seen in conjunction with M. pulmonis infection, it may help to treat the rat with broad-spectrum antibiotics that typically help to control the signs of that disease.
		1.) Antibody and Cytokine Responses to the Cilium-Associated Respiratory Bacillus in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice
	ratguide.com /health/bacteria/car_bacillus.php (1754 words)

	Bacillus
		Characteristically, Bacillus cultures are Gram-positive when young, but may become Gram-negative as they age.
		Bacillus species are aerobic, sporulating, rod-shaped bacteria which are ubiquitous in nature.
		Because the spores of many Bacillus species are resistant to heat, radiation, disinfectants, and desiccation, they are difficult to eliminate from medical and pharmaceutical materials and are a frequent cause of contamination.
	www.microbiologybytes.com /video/Bacillus.html (650 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Insecticide Fact Sheet Carrie Swadener / Journal of Pesticide Reform v.14, n.3 Fall94
		Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a live microorganism that kills certain insects and is used to kill unwanted insects in forests, agriculture, and urban areas.
		Akiba, Y. Assessment of rainwater-mediated dispersion of field-sprayed Bacillus thuringiensis in the soil.
		Acute toxicity of temephos, fenoxycarb, diflubenzuron, and methoprene and Bacillus thuringiensis var.
	www.mindfully.org /GE/Bacillus-thuringiensis-Bt.htm (5532 words)

	Bacillus - MicrobeWiki
		In addition to medical uses, bacillus spores, due to their extreme tolerance to both heat and disinfectants, are used to test heat sterilization techniques and chemical disinfectants.
		Due to the metabolic diversity in the genus Bacillus, bacilli are able to colonize a variety of habitats ranging from soil and insects to humans.
		The Bacillus subtilis genome sequence: the molecular blueprint of a soil bacterium.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Bacillus (1303 words)

	Online Etymology Dictionary
		Originally in ref. to any disease characterized by tubercules; since the discovery of the tubercule bacillus by Koch (1882) restricted to disease caused by this.
		The M.L. word perhaps ultimately is derived from L. baculum "staff" (see bacillus), which the young student might carry, but it is more likely just a Latinization of bachelor (q.v.) in its academic sense.
		In modern U.S. usage, the word usually is short for baccalaureate-sermon (1864), a religious farewell address to the graduating class.
	www.etymonline.com /index.php?search=bacillus (270 words)

	Bacillus Cereus
		Bacillus Cereus food poisoning is a gastrointestinal intoxication caused by toxins produced by the Bacillus Cereus bacteria.
		Bacillus cereus exists in normal bacterial and spore forms in foods.
		Reheating foods to 75 deg C or until steaming hot, as flash frying or brief rewarming is not adequate to destroy the toxin.
	www.ccc.govt.nz /Health/cereus.asp (564 words)

	Preventing Foodborne Illness: Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis
		Bacillus species are Gram positive, aerobic heterotrophs, ubiquitous bacteria, characterized by their ability to form resistant spore coats.
		Bacillus species are mesophilic bacteria that produce heat-resistant endosopores with a growth range of 10°C to 48°C, with optimal growth at 28°C to 35°C. In addition, they can grow in a broad pH range of 4.9 to 9.3.
		Bacillus anthracis is responsible for causing the disease anthrax in humans and animals, via direct contact with infected carriers or inhalation of endospores.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /FS103 (2398 words)

	Bacillus motility (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is an unusual characteristic among Bacillus species.
		Prepare a wet mount slide of a suspect colony from a 12 to 20 hour culture or from a fresh broth.
		Motile Bacillus species with diffuse growth throughout the tube is on left.
	www.state.sd.us /doh/LabBT/bacillusMotility.htm (82 words)

	Bacillus anthracis (causes the disease anthrax) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bacillus species are rod-shaped bacteria that are able to turn into resistant spores when conditions get tough (such as when the host dies).
		Bacillus anthracis cells contain plasmids (independent circles of DNA, not part of the main genome) that produce a toxin consisting of three different proteins.
		Bacillus anthracis is famous in the history of bacteriology because it was the first bacterium that was shown to cause a disease.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/eubacteria/bacillus_anthracis.htm (1408 words)

	The Bacillus Subtilis Story
		Rothschild backed up his point by telling us the story of the discovery of the Bacillus subtilis, a bacterial microorganism that is commonly found in the environment rather than in humans, yet is well known by modern science to be very friendly to the human system.
		Bacillus subtilis is still used widely today in Germany, France and Israel, where safe, effective all-natural therapeutic products are more highly esteemed by the health-savvy public than the more expensive synthetic drugs espoused by the orthodox medical establishment with all of their dangerous side effects.
		In short, the incredible Bacillus subtilis, which is commonly found in the outside environment rather than in the human intestinal system, continues to benefit mankind ever since its unusual discovery by the Germans in 1941.
	www.rense.com /general4/bac.htm (1278 words)

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