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Topic: Bacillus cereus

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	Bacillus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word "bacillus" is also used to describe any rod-shaped bacterium, and in this sense, bacilli are found in many different groups of bacteria.
		Bacillus are ubiquitous in nature, including both free-living and pathogenic species.
		An easy way to isolate Bacillus is by placing non-sterile soil in a test tube with water, shaking, placing in melted mannitol salts agar, and incubating at room temperature for at least a day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bacillus (263 words)

	Bacillus cereus
		Bacillus cereus is a spore forming bacteria that can be found in plants and soils.
		cereus food poisoning is the general description, although two recognized types of illness are caused by two distinct metabolites.
		Bacillus cereus contamination of seeds and vegetable sprouts grown in a home sprouting kit.
	www.sproutnet.com /Reports/bacillus_cereus.htm (210 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Bacillus cereus and other Bacillus spp.
		Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, facultatively aerobic sporeformer whose cells are large rods and whose spores do not swell the sporangium.
		cereus as the etiologic agent in a foodborne outbreak requires either (1) isolation of strains of the same serotype from the suspect food and feces or vomitus of the patient, (2) isolation of large numbers of a B.
		Bacillus cereus was isolated from leftover chicken fried rice and from vomitus from one ill child but not from samples of leftover milk.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap12.html (1123 words)

	Bacillus_Cereus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, facultatively aerobic pathogenic sporeformer whose cells are large rods.
		Bacillus cereus food poisoning occurs year-round and is without any particular geographic distribution.
		Bacillus cereus is commonly found in soil, air, and water, the microbe forms spores that enable it to survive pasteurization and low levels of heat.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /2can/genomes/bacteria/Bacillus_cereus (244 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 15
		Bacillus cereus causes two distinct food poisoning syndromes: a rapid-onset emetic syndrome characterized by nausea and vomiting, and a slower-onset diarrheal syndrome.
		Bacillus species are used in many medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial processes that take advantage of their wide range of physiologic characteristics and their ability to produce a host of enzymes, antibiotics, and other metabolites.
		Bacillus cereus is well known as an agent of food poisoning, and a number of other Bacillus species, particularly B subtilis and B licheniformis, are also incriminated periodically in this capacity.
	www.gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch015.htm (4693 words)

	Bacillus cereus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive bacterium that causes foodborne illness, and is particularly noted for doing so in rice.
		The bacteria are facultative aerobes, and like other members of the genus Bacillus can produce protective endospores.
		cereus that have contaminated rice reproduce during high-temperature cooking, and form spores when it cools.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bacillus_cereus (131 words)

	Bacillus cereus
		An intra-ocular foreign body such as a metal projectile is often present, or the injury occurs in a rural or farm location where there is a greater risk of eye contamination with dust or soil.
		The emetic ("short incubation") form of the disease,which occurred in this outbreak, is mediated by a highly stable toxin that survives high temperatures and exposure to trypsin, pepsin, and pH extremes; the diarrheal syndrome is mediated by a heat- and acid-labile enterotoxin that is sensitive to proteolytic enzymes.
		cereus is frequently present in uncooked rice, and heat-resistant spores may survive cooking.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /B.cereus.html (1165 words)

	Bacillus cereus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bacillus cereus has been recognized as an agent of food poisoning since 1955.
		cereus were reported to the CDC, but this is thought to represent only 2% of the total cases which have occurred in that time.
		cereus gastroenteritis is generally a benign, self-limited illness, antimicrobial agents are of no value in management.
	www.bact.wisc.edu /Bact330/lecturebcereus.1 (607 words)

	bacillus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In addition to medical uses bacillus spores, due to their extreme tolerance to both heat and disinfectants, are used to test heat sterilization techniques and chemical disinfectants.
		Due to the metabolic diversity in the genus Bacillus, bacilli are able to colonize a variety of habitats ranging from soil to insects, to humans.
		The Bacillus subtilis genome sequence: the molecular blueprint of a soil bacterium.
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/gram-positive/bacillus/bacillus.htm?name=Bacillaceae (1257 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 15
		Several other Bacillus spp, in particular B cereus and to a lesser extent B subtilis and B licheniformis, are periodically associated with bacteremia/septicemia, endocarditis, meningitis, and infections of wounds, the ears, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract.
		Not only are Bacillus endospores resistant to hostile physical and chemical conditions, but also various species have unusual physiologic properties that enable them to survive or thrive in harsh environments, ranging from desert sands and hot springs to Arctic soils and from fresh waters to marine sediments.
		Bacillus cereus and its close relatives B thuringiensis and B mycoides produce potent ß-lactamases and thus are not responsive to penicillin, ampicillin, or the cephalosporins.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch015.htm (4693 words)

	BACILLUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bacillus represents a genus of Gram-positive bacteria which are ubiquitous in nature (soil, water, and airborne dust).
		When grown on blood agar, Bacillus produces large, spreading, gray-white colonies with irregular margins.
		Although most species of Bacillus are harmless saprophytes, two species are considered medically significant: B.anthracis and B.
	medic.med.uth.tmc.edu /path/00001437.htm (252 words)

	MMWR 43(10):1994 Mar 18; Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning Associated with Fried Rice at Two Child Day Care ...
		Bacillus cereus, an infectious cause of foodborne illness, accounted for 2% of outbreaks with confirmed etiology that were reported to CDC during 1973-1987 (1).
		cereus was isolated from leftover chicken fried rice (greater than 106 organisms per gram) and from vomitus from one ill child (greater than 105 organisms per gram) but not from samples of leftover milk.
		cereus, a ubiquitous, spore-forming bacteria, causes two recognized forms of foodborne gastroenteritis: an emetic syndrome resembling that caused by Staphylococcus aureus and characterized by an incubation period of 1-6 hours and a diarrheal illness characterized by an incubation period of 6-24 hours (2).
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/cereus.html (791 words)

	safefood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bacillus cereus are Gram-positive, facultative aerobic sporeforming rod.
		Bacillus species can be isolated from foods and identified using traditional microbiological methods.
		Due to the short illness duration associated with Bacillus cereus many people recover before seeking medical advice, and it is thought that many cases go unreported.
	www.safefood.net.au /content.cfm?sid=474 (713 words)

	Bacillus Cereus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bacillus Cereus food poisoning is a gastrointestinal intoxication caused by toxins produced by the Bacillus Cereus bacteria.
		Bacillus cereus exists in normal bacterial and spore forms in foods.
		Because cooking often kills competing bacteria and heat activates the Bacillus cereus spores, storing large masses of cooked food between 4 deg C and 60 deg C can allow the bacteria to multiply.
	www.ccc.govt.nz /Health/cereus.asp (564 words)

	FDA/CFSAN BAM - Bacillus cereus
		Food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus may occur when foods are prepared and held without adequate refrigeration for several hours before serving.
		cereus is an aerobic sporeforming bacterium that is commonly found in soil, on vegetables, and in many raw and processed foods.
		cereus those isolates which are actively motile and strongly hemolytic and do not produce rhizoid colonies or protein toxin crystals.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~ebam/bam-14.html (2162 words)

	ASA Newsletter - Anthrax Toxin
		The anthrax bacillus (Bacillus anthracis), found in 1877 by Robert Koch, was the first bacterium shown to be the cause of a disease [1].
		Genotypically and phenotypically it is very similar to Bacillus cereus, which is found in soil habitats around the world, and to Bacillus thuringiensis, the pathogen for larvae of Lepidoptera.
		Bacillus anthracis, the microbe that causes anthrax, produce three proteins that combine to form a toxin.
	www.asanltr.com /newsletter/03-3/articles/Anthrax.htm (4230 words)

	Preventing Foodborne Illness: Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis
		Bacillus anthracis is responsible for causing the disease anthrax in humans and animals, via direct contact with infected carriers or inhalation of endospores.
		Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming, Gram positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium associated with food poisoning in humans.
		Bacillus cereus has a broad range of foods associated with infection including, cooked vegetables and meats, boiled or fried rice, vanilla sauce, custards, soups, ice cream, herbs and spices.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /FS103 (2398 words)

	Bacillus cereus Endophthalmitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		cereus has emerged as a significant cause of endogenous endophthalmitis, usually as a complication of high-grade bacteremia in patients with prolonged indwelling devices or intravenous drug abusers.
		Recent reports have indicated that the outcome of therapy could be due to several factors, including the age of the patient, the duration between injury and treatment, the antibiotics chosen for therapy, and the condition of the eye upon presentation (e.g., corneal damage, retinal detachment, etc.).
		cereus is challenging because of the probable presence of several chromosomally-encoded toxins or enzymes that could contribute to virulence during endophthalmitis.
	w3.uokhsc.edu /MPEIR/bacillus.html (1723 words)

	Chapter 10: Bacillus Cereus
		Food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus may occur when foods are prepared and held without adequate refrigeration for several h before serving.
		cereus is an aerobic spore forming bacterium that is commonly found in soil, on vegetables, and in many raw and processed foods.
		Gilbert, R.J., Stringer, M.F., and Pearce, J.M. The survival and growth of Bacillus cereus in boiled and fried rice in relation to outbreaks of food poisoning.
	seafood.ucdavis.edu /haccp/compendium/Chapt10.htm (641 words)

	Bacillus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		cereus is predominantly responsible for food poisoning in humans.
		Inhalation anthrax; Bacillus spores are inhaled and ingested by aveolar macrophages.
		The vomiting form is most often associated with ingestion of a heat stable toxin from contaminated rice, while the diarrheal form is most often associated with ingestion of a heat labile toxin from contaminated meat or vegetables.
	www.cehs.siu.edu /fix/medmicro/bacil.htm (529 words)

	Sequence analysis of three Bacillus cereus loci carrying PlcR-regulated genes encoding degradative enzymes and ...
		LeDeaux, J. and Grossman, A. Isolation and characterization of kinC, a gene that encodes a sensor kinase homologous to the sporulation sensor kinases KinA and KinB in Bacillus subtilis.
		Trach, K. and Hoch, J. Multisensory activation of the phosphorelay initiating sporulation in Bacillus subtilis: identification and sequence of the protein kinase of the alternate pathway.
		Germination of Bacillus cereus spores in response to L-alanine and to inosine: the roles of gerL and gerQ operons
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/145/11/3129 (4515 words)

	Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis---One Species on the Basis of Genetic Evidence -- ...
		Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis---One Species on the Basis of Genetic Evidence -- Helgason et al.
		Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis are members of the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria, demonstrating
		Barlass, P. J., Houston, C. W., Clements, M. O., Moir, A. Germination of Bacillus cereus spores in response to L-alanine and to inosine: the roles of gerL and gerQ operons.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/66/6/2627 (2275 words)

	Specificity and Polymorphism of the PlcR-PapR Quorum-Sensing System in the Bacillus cereus Group -- Slamti and Lereclus ...
		Identification of anthrax toxin genes in a Bacillus cereus associated with an illness resembling inhalation anthrax.
		Population structure of the Bacillus cereus group as determined by sequence analysis of six housekeeping genes and the plcR gene.
		Identification of a Bacillus thuringiensis gene that positively regulates transcription of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C gene at the onset of the stationary phase.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/187/3/1182 (3406 words)

	Comparison of cytotoxin cytK promoters from Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579 and from a B. cereus food-poisoning ...
		Agaisse, H. and Lereclus, D. Expression in Bacillus subtilis of the Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIA toxin gene is not dependent on a sporulation-specific sigma factor and is increased in a spo0A mutant.
		Hardy, S. P., Lund, T. and Granum, P. CytK toxin of Bacillus cereus forms pores in planar lipid bilayers and is cytotoxic to intestinal epithelia.
		Helgason, E., Økstad, O. A., Caugant, D. A., Johansen, H. A., Fouet, A., Mock, M., Hegna, I. and Kolstø, A. Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis – one species on the basis of genetic evidence.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/150/8/2699 (2929 words)

	Assessment of a New Selective Chromogenic Bacillus cereus Group Plating Medium and Use of Enterobacterial Autoinducer ...
		Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis: one species on the basis of genetic evidence.
		Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus mycoides differentiation using a PCR-RE technique.
		Association of the encapsulation of Bacillus anthracis with a 60 megadalton plasmid.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/8/3795 (2060 words)

	Bacillus cereus
		Bacillus endospores are resistant to hostile physical and chemical conditions, but in addition various Bacillus species have a wide range of physiologic adaptations which enable them to survive or thrive in harsh environments, ranging from desert sands and hot springs to Arctic soils and from fresh waters to marine sediments.
		Bacillus food poisoning usually occurs because heat-resistant endospores survive cooking or pasteurization and then germinate and multiply when the food is inadequately refrigerated.
		cereus food poisoning are caused by toxins produced in the food during bacterial growth, principally a necrotizing enterotoxin and potent haemolysins (especially cereolysin).
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /video/Bcereus.html (788 words)

	The genome sequence of Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 reveals metabolic adaptations and a large plasmid related to Bacillus ...
		Bacillus cereus clinical isolates were previously described (18,22).
		Kotiranta,A., Lounatmaa,K. and Haapasalo,M. (2000) Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Bacillus cereus infections.
		Guidi-Rontani,C., Pereira,Y., Ruffie,S., Sirard,J.C., Weber-Levy,M. and Mock,M. (1999) Identification and characterization of a germination operon on the virulence plasmid pXO1 of Bacillus anthracis.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/3/977 (6202 words)

	Human Cell Exposure Assays of Bacillus thuringiensis Commercial Insecticides: Production of Bacillus cereus-Like ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		cereus in the absence of antibiotic was remarkably the same as that seen with Btk and Bti.
		Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis--one species on the basis of genetic evidence.
		Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H34 isolated from human and insecticidal strains serotypes a, b and H14 can lead to death of immunocompetent mice after pulmonary infection.
	www.mindfully.org /GE/Bt-Human-Cell-Exp.htm (10159 words)

	Tripartite haemolysin BL: isolation and characterization of two distinct homologous sets of components from a single ...
		Beecher, D. and Wong, A. Tripartite hemolysin BL from Bacillus cereus: hemolytic analysis of component interactions and a model for its characteristic paradoxical zone phenomenon.
		Role of hemolysin BL in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal Bacillus cereus infection assessed in an endophthalmitis model.
		Carlson, C. and Kolstø, A. A small (2·4 Mb) Bacillus cereus chromosome corresponds to a conserved region of a larger (5·3 Mb) Bacillus cereus chromosome.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/146/6/1371 (4267 words)

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