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Topic: Bacillus subtilis

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Bacillus

Bacillus natto

Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus cereus

Bacilli

Firmicutes

Endospore

Serratia marcescens

Enterococcus

Clostridium

Gram staining

Vitamin B2

Listeria

Model organism

	Bacillus: Cellular and Molecular Biology
		The Bacillus subtilis chromosome with its 2 mm contour length is compacted into a 1 µm large nucleoid, and sister chromosomes are separated into opposite cell poles during ongoing replication through an active intracellular machinery.
		The cell wall of Bacillus subtilis is a rigid structure on the outside of the cell that forms the first barrier between the bacterium and the environment, and at the same time maintains cell shape and withstands the pressure generated by the cell's turgor.
		subtilis has been the first bacterium for which the role of an actin-like cytoskeleton in cell shape determination and peptidoglycan synthesis was identified and for which the entire set of peptidoglycan synthesizing enzymes has been localised.
	www.horizonpress.com /bac (1985 words)

	Bacillus Cohn 1872, genus
		1989 and the synonym is "Bacillus sphaericus subsp.
		¤ Bacillus marinus (Rüger and Richter 1979) Rüger 1983, comb.
		ARAHAL (D.R.), MÁRQUEZ (M.C.), VOLCANI (B.E.), SCHLEIFER (K.H.) and VENTOSA (A.): Bacillus marismortui sp.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /b/bacillus.html (6739 words)

	Bacillus subtilis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium commonly found in soil.
		subtilis is used as a soil innoculant in horticulture and agriculture.
		subtilis has proven highly amenable to genetic manipulation, and has therefore become widely adopted as a model organism for laboratory studies, especially of sporulation, which is a simplified example of cellular differentiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bacillus_subtilis (342 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 15
		Several other Bacillus spp, in particular B cereus and to a lesser extent B subtilis and B licheniformis, are periodically associated with bacteremia/septicemia, endocarditis, meningitis, and infections of wounds, the ears, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract.
		Bacillus species are used in many medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial processes that take advantage of their wide range of physiologic characteristics and their ability to produce a host of enzymes, antibiotics, and other metabolites.
		Bacillus cereus and its close relatives B thuringiensis and B mycoides produce potent ß-lactamases and thus are not responsive to penicillin, ampicillin, or the cephalosporins.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch015.htm (4693 words)

	Bacillus
		The vegetative cell surface is a laminated structure that consists of a capsule, a proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer), several layers of peptidoglycan sheeting, and the proteins on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
		The discovery of transformation in a strain of Bacillus subtilis in 1958 focused attention on the genetics of the bacterium.
		Bacillus antibiotics share a full range of antimicrobial activity: bacitracin, pumulin, laterosporin, gramicidin and tyrocidin are effective against Gram-positive bacteria; colistin and polymyxin are anti-Gram-negative; difficidin is broad spectrum; and mycobacillin and zwittermicin are anti-fungal.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /Bacillus.html (5350 words)

	The Hederstedt Group: Diploma work
		Trancription of genes in the ccdA region of Bacillus subtilis
		Analysis of the ORF2 gene in the hemA region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome
		Orientation of succinate dehydrogenase in the Bacillus subtilis cytoplasmic membrane
	darwin.biol.lu.se /cellorgbiol/membprot/diplomawork.html (447 words)

	Bacillus - MicrobeWiki
		In addition to medical uses, bacillus spores, due to their extreme tolerance to both heat and disinfectants, are used to test heat sterilization techniques and chemical disinfectants.
		The sequence for the genome of Bacillus subtilis was completed in 1997 and was the first published sequence for a single-living bacterium.
		The Bacillus subtilis genome sequence: the molecular blueprint of a soil bacterium.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /mediawiki-1.6.6/index.php/Bacillus (1303 words)

	Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease Management
		Bacillus subtilis is a ubiquitous naturally occurring saprophytic bacterium that is commonly recovered from soil, water, air, and decomposing plant material.
		In contrast, B. subtilis strain GB03 (Kodiak®) was discovered in Australia in the 1930’s and is applied either as a seed treatment or directly to soil.
		subtilis inhibits plant pathogen spore germination, disrupts germ tube growth, and interferes with the attachment of the pathogen to the plant.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /pp/resourceguide/mfs/01bacillus_subtilis.php (1481 words)

	Recurrent Septicemia in an Immunocompromised Patient Due to Probiotic Strains of Bacillus subtilis -- Oggioni et al. 36 ...
		Bacillus subtilis is a gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming soil bacterium ubiquitous in the environment.
		Bacillus subtilis infection in a patient submitted to a bone marrow transplantation.
		Bacillus subtilis as a cause of cholangitis in polycystic kidney and liver disease.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/36/1/325 (836 words)

	712. alpha-Amylase from Bacillus megaterium expressed in Bacillus subtilis (WHO Food Additives Series 28)
		Bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) alpha- amylase has been in common use to control the viscosity of chocolate syrup since 1929 and in the brewing industry since 1936.
		The authors concluded that the NOEL for Bacillus megaterium amylase in rats exposed in utero and for 13 weeks after weaning is greater than 100 U/kg, which is equivalent to approximately 1.35 g/kg b.w./day (Weltman, 1986e; MacKenzie et al., 1989).
		Appendix 2 Molecular Procedures used in cloning amylase from B. megaterium to B. subtilis: DNA from amylase-producing B. megaterium (NCIB 11568) and DNA from phage lambda NM 590 were cleaved with the same restriction enzyme, the DNA's mixed and ligated.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v28je07.htm (1741 words)

	Bacillus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes.
		Bacillus species are either obligate or facultative aerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase.
		An easy way to isolate Bacillus is by placing non-sterile soil in a test tube with water, shaking, placing in melted Mannitol Salt Agar, and incubating at room temperature for at least a day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bacillus (325 words)

	Bacillus subtilis, megaterium, cereus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		subtilis forms colonies that are dull and may be wrinkled, cream to brown in color; when grown in broth has a coherent pellicle; usually single arrangement.
		The antibiotic "Bacitracin" gets its name from a Bacillus that produced this substance that was removed from a wound in a girl named "Tracy".
		It alters the permeability of the cell membrane causing cells to leak their internal contents.
	www.sunysccc.edu /academic/mst/microbes/11bsubt.htm (171 words)

	Isoprene Biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis via the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway
		subtilis could be used as a microbial model for studying the biochemistry of isoprene formation.
		subtilis genes with significant homology to the HMGR sequences.
		subtilis 6051 in F medium results in three phases of isoprene formation, corresponding to (a) glucose catabolism and acetoin excretion, (b) acetoin catabolism, and (c) the early stages of sporulation.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtextd?jnprdf/63/i01/html/np990286p.html (3122 words)

	Compartmentalization of transcription and translation in Bacillus subtilis
		As with all bacteria, Bacillus subtilis RNAP is a large multi-subunit enzyme comprising a catalytic core composed of 2
		Beall B and Lutkenhaus J (1991) FtsZ in Bacillus subtilis is required for vegetative septation and for asymmetric septation during sporulation.
		Jenkinson H (1983) Altered arrangement of proteins in the spore coat of a germination mutant of Bacillus subtilis.
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v19/n4/full/7592182a.html (6343 words)

	Proteomics characterization of novel spore proteins of Bacillus subtilis -- Kuwana et al. 148 (12): 3971 -- Microbiology
		LaVallie, E. and Stahl, M. Cloning of the flagellin gene from Bacillus subtilis and complementation studies of an in vitro-derived deletion mutation.
		Takamatsu, H., Kodama, T., Imamura, A., Asai, K., Kobayashi, K., Nakayama, T., Ogasawara, N. and Watabe, K. The Bacillus subtilis yabG gene is transcribed by SigK RNA polymerase during sporulation, and yabG mutant spores have altered coat protein composition.
		Zhang, J., Fitz-James, P. and Aronson, A. Cloning and characterization of a cluster of genes encoding polypeptides present in the insoluble fraction of the spore coat of Bacillus subtilis.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/148/12/3971 (4113 words)

	Bacillus subtilis Spore Coat -- Driks 63 (1): 1 -- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
		A Gene Encoding a Holin-Like Protein Involved in Spore Morphogenesis and Spore Germination in Bacillus subtilis.
		Genest, P. C., Setlow, B., Melly, E., Setlow, P. Killing of spores of Bacillus subtilis by peroxynitrite appears to be caused by membrane damage.
		Riesenman, P. J., Nicholson, W. Role of the Spore Coat Layers in Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Hydrogen Peroxide, Artificial UV-C, UV-B, and Solar UV Radiation.
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/63/1/1 (1703 words)

	Bacillus
		Characteristically, Bacillus cultures are Gram-positive when young, but may become Gram-negative as they age.
		Bacillus species are aerobic, sporulating, rod-shaped bacteria which are ubiquitous in nature.
		Bacillus subtilis and its closest relatives: From genes to cells
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /video/Bacillus.html (775 words)

	Multiple Genes for the Last Step of Proline Biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis -- Belitsky et al. 183 (14): 4389 -- The ...
		Carbon and nitrogen repression of arginine catabolic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis.
		An lrp-like gene of Bacillus subtilis involved in branched-chain amino acid transport.
		ComEA, a Bacillus subtilis integral membrane protein required for genetic transformation, is needed for both DNA binding and transport.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/183/14/4389 (2128 words)

	Characterization of Bacillus subtilis {gamma}-glutamyltransferase and its involvement in the degradation of capsule ...
		Characterization of Bacillus subtilis {gamma}-glutamyltransferase and its involvement in the degradation of capsule poly-{gamma}-glutamate -- Kimura et al.
		Kimura, K., Tran, L.-S. and Itoh, Y. Roles and regulation of the glutamate racemase isogenes, racE and yrpC, in Bacillus subtilis.
		Phillips, Z. and Strauch, M. Bacillus subtilis sporulation and stationary phase gene expression.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/150/12/4115 (3618 words)

	Production of Alkaline Protease With Immobilized Cells of Bacillus subtilis PE-11 in Various Matrices by Entrapment ...
		The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of Bacillus subtilis PE-11 cells immobilized in various matrices, such as calcium alginate, k-Carrageenan, ployacrylamide, agar-agar, and gelatin, for the production of alkaline protease.
		Therefore, the reusability of B subtilis cells immobilized in matrix was examined.
		21. Tsuchida O, Yamagota Y, Ishizuka J, et al. An alkaline proteinase of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Curr Microbiol. 1986;14:7-12.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt060348 (3634 words)

	711. alpha-Amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus expressed in Bacillus subtilis (WHO Food Additives Series 28)
		This alpha-amylase from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 39,705 containing plasmid pCPC720 from Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 39,709 has not been previously evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
		The transformed B. subtilis cells were shown to digest starch and were sensitive to kanamycin.
		Other information Concentrated cell supernatants from B. subtilis (ATCC 39,705) did not contain any material that reacted with specific antibodies raised against purified staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C or D. Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 39,705) demonstrated no cytotoxicity against Vero cells in the 4 days of assay for shiga-like toxin.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v28je06.htm (1558 words)

	Comparative Analysis of Physical Maps of Four Bacillus subtilis (natto) Genomes -- Qiu et al. 70 (10): 6247 -- Applied ...
		Itaya, M. Physical map of the Bacillus subtilis 166 genome: evidence for the inversion of an approximately 1900 kb continuous DNA segment, the translocation of an approximately 100 kb segment and the duplication of a 5 kb segment.
		Nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis temperate bacteriophage SPßc2.
		The endogenous Bacillus subtilis (natto) plasmids pTA1015 and pTA1040 contain signal peptidase-encoding genes: identification of a new structural module on cryptic plasmids.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/10/6247 (4834 words)

	Use of a Promoter Trap System in Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis for the Development of Recombinant Protective ...
		Bacillus subtilis requires a "stringent" Shine-Dalgarno region for gene expression.
		Signal peptide peptidase- and ClpP-like proteins of Bacillus subtilis are required for efficient translocation and processing of secretory proteins.
		Characterization of the Bacillus anthracis s-layer: cloning and sequencing of the structural gene.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/2/801 (5949 words)

	Signal Peptide-Dependent Protein Transport in Bacillus subtilis: a Genome-Based Survey of the Secretome -- Tjalsma et ...
		Signal Peptide-Dependent Protein Transport in Bacillus subtilis: a Genome-Based Survey of the Secretome -- Tjalsma et al.
		One of the most salient features of Bacillus subtilis and related bacilli is their natural capacity to secrete a variety of
		Oussenko, I. A., Sanchez, R., Bechhofer, D. Bacillus subtilis YhcR, a High-Molecular-Weight, Nonspecific Endonuclease with a Unique Domain Structure.
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/64/3/515 (2142 words)

	Amazon.com: Bacillus Subtilis and Its Closest Relatives: From Genes to Cells: Books: Abraham L. Sonenshein,James A. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Bacillus Subtilis and Its Closest Relatives: From Genes to Cells (Hardcover)
		Interest in the genus Bacillus can be traced back to Louis Pasteur, who used heat-attenuated Bacillus anthracis as the first antibacterial vaccine, and Robert Koch, who used anthrax as the test case for development of postulates relating infectious agents and specific diseases.
		One would expect the authors to be crushed by the weight of expectation for this sequel, but they have defied conventional wisdom and completely outdone themselves.
	www.amazon.com /Bacillus-Subtilis-Its-Closest-Relatives/dp/1555812058 (684 words)

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