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Topic: Bacillus thuringiensis

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	Bacillus Thuringiensis
		Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a naturally occurring bacteria, common in soils.
		Because of this property, Bacillus thuringiensis was developed as a type of microbial insecticide, used for control of a variety of insects.
		Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil bacteria and poorly adapts to leaves or other surfaces exposed to sunlight, particularly ultraviolet light.
	cecalaveras.ucdavis.edu /bt.htm (1073 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis
		Bacillus thuringiensis (known as 'Bt') is an insecticidal bacterium, marketed worldwide for control of many important plant pests - mainly caterpillars of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) but also for control of mosquito larvae, and simuliid flflies that vector river blindness in Africa.
		Bacillus thuringiensis is considered safe to humans and non-target species, such as wildlife.
		Spraying or dusting plants with spores of this bacterium appear to be environmentally safe ways to attack such pests as the gypsy moth, the tent caterpillar, and the tobacco hornworm (which also attacks tomatoes).
	www.magma.ca /~scimat/B_thurin.htm (259 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Insecticide Fact Sheet Carrie Swadener / Journal of Pesticide Reform v.14, n.3 Fall94
		Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a live microorganism that kills certain insects and is used to kill unwanted insects in forests, agriculture, and urban areas.
		Akiba, Y. Assessment of rainwater-mediated dispersion of field-sprayed Bacillus thuringiensis in the soil.
		Acute toxicity of temephos, fenoxycarb, diflubenzuron, and methoprene and Bacillus thuringiensis var.
	www.mindfully.org /GE/Bacillus-thuringiensis-Bt.htm (5532 words)

	Bacillus Thuringiensis
		Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is a live microorganism that kills certain insects and is used to kill unwanted insects in forests, agriculture, and urban areas.
		Akiba, Y. Assessment of rainwater-mediated dispersion of field-sprayed Bacillus thuringiensis in the soil.
		Acute toxicity of temephos, fenoxycarb, diflubenzuron, and methoprene and Bacillus thuringiensis var.
	www.eap.mcgill.ca /MagRack/JPR/JPR_22.htm (4886 words)

	Mosquito Larva Killer, Control with bacillus thuringensis, known as BTI
		One BTI briquette containing bacillus thuringiensis controls mosquitoes for 30 days in 100 square feet of water surface, regardless of depth.
		Use Bacillus thuringensis to treat mosquito ridden swamps, ditches, creeks and ponds in your area and watch the population of mosquitoes fall.
		Bacillus Thuringiensis or BTI, the active ingredient in the water packs, is non-toxic, pet safe and harmless to the environment, but when consumed by mosquito larvae, it kills them.
	www.mosquito-zapper.com /mosquito_larva_killer_bti.html (711 words)

	Insect Resistance
		Early resistance of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) to Bacillus thuringiensis and its relation to the effect of transgenic cotton lines expressing BT toxin on the insect (Abstract), Acta-Entomologica-Sinica, 1998
		Effects of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic cotton on the dynamics of pest population and their enemies, (Abstract), Acta Phytophylacica Sinica vol.
		Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in field populations of Heliothis virescens, Fred Gould et al., UNC (PNAS 1997 94: 3519-3523).
	www.biotech-info.net /bt-transgenics.html (3082 words)

	Gypsy moths and the use of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (B.t.k.) pesticide
		Gypsy moths and the use of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (B.t.k.) pesticide
		Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (B.t.k.) is a naturally occurring, bacteria found in the soil.
		An inactive, or spore, form of the bacteria is approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use as a pesticide to control the gypsy moth.
	www.metrokc.gov /health/env_hlth/gypsy.htm (1305 words)

	Bacillus - MicrobeWiki
		In addition to medical uses, bacillus spores, due to their extreme tolerance to both heat and disinfectants, are used to test heat sterilization techniques and chemical disinfectants.
		Bacillus thuringiensis parasitizes insects, and is commercially used for pest control.
		The Bacillus subtilis genome sequence: the molecular blueprint of a soil bacterium.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Bacillus (1303 words)

	Bacillus
		Bacillus is distinguished from the other endospore-forming bacteria on the basis of being a strict or facultative aerobe, rod-shaped, and (usually) catalase-positive.
		The vegetative cell surface is a laminated structure that consists of a capsule, a proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer), several layers of peptidoglycan sheeting, and the proteins on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
		Bacillus antibiotics share a full range of antimicrobial activity: bacitracin, pumulin, laterosporin, gramicidin and tyrocidin are effective against Gram-positive bacteria; colistin and polymyxin are anti-Gram-negative; difficidin is broad spectrum; and mycobacillin and zwittermicin are anti-fungal.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /Bacillus.html (5350 words)

	Anthrax
		The anthrax bacillus, Bacillus anthracis, was the first bacterium shown to be the cause of a disease.
		Bacillus anthracis clearly owes its pathogenicity to two major determinants of virulence: the formation of a poly-D-glutamyly capsule, which mediates the invasive stage of the infection, and the production of the multicomponent anthrax toxin which mediates the toxigenic stage.
		Bacillus anthracis coordinates the expression of its virulence factors in response to a specific environmental signal.
	www.textbookofbacteriology.net /Anthrax.html (3578 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.).
		Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Genetic and environmental causes.
		Broad-spectrum resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in Heliothis virescens.
		Effects of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis on Sorex cinerus (masked shrew) populations, diet, and prey selection in a jack pine plantation in northern Ontario.
	www.usersafe.com /Pesticides/BTK/about.htm (4686 words)

	Management of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins
		Bacillus thuringiensis first became available as a commercial insecticide in France in 1938 and in the 1950s entered commercial use in the United States.
		The development of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins is, however, particularly unfortunate.
		Overexpression of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry2Aa2 protein in chloroplasts confers resistance to plants against susceptible and Bt-resistant insects.
	camillapede.tripod.com /bapaper.html (8722 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bacillus cereus also ensures that under appropriate environmental bacillus thuringiensis conditions, are stressful.
		Macerans bacillus thuringiensis is a lesser extent subtilis and proceed with the host cell membrane.
		Bacillus larvae, lentimorbus, popilliae, sphaericus, and thuringiensis and crop.
	bacillus.signsandtees.com /bacillus-thuringiensis.html (895 words)

	The plcR regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in mice and ...
		The plcR regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in mice and insects -- Salamitou et al.
		The plcR regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in mice and insects
		Identification of genes involved in the activation of the Bacillus thuringiensis inhA metalloprotease gene at the onset of sporulation
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/146/11/2825 (892 words)

	The plcR regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in mice and ...
		thuringiensis strains are pathogenic to mice by nasal instillation.
		Agaisse, H., Gominet, M., Økstad, O. A., Kolstø, A. and Lereclus, D. PlcR is a pleiotropic regulator of extracellular virulence factor gene expression in Bacillus thuringiensis.
		Lereclus, D., Agaisse, H., Gominet, M., Salamitou, S. and Sanchis, V. Identification of a Bacillus thuringiensis gene that positively regulates transcription of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C gene at the onset of the stationary phase.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/146/11/2825 (4048 words)

	Pathogenomic Sequence Analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates Closely Related to Bacillus ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Germination of Bacillus cereus spores in response to L-alanine and to inosine: the roles of gerL and gerQ operons.
		Role of the gerI operon of Bacillus cereus 569 in the response of spores to germinants.
		Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H34 isolated from human and insecticidal strains serotypes 3a3b and H14 can lead to death of immunocompetent mice after pulmonary infection.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/188/9/3382 (3711 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thuringiensis, which is not maintained in the target insects.
		Transfer mm loopful bacillus thuringiensis israelensis of culture and incubate plates at.
		AB the lesion on the blood stream is eventually liberated by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis phase microscopy.
	bacillus.signsandtees.com /bacillus-thuringiensis-israelensis.html (117 words)

	Bacteria
		Much attention has been given to Bacillus thuringiensis, a species that has been developed as a microbial insecticide.
		Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) occurs naturally in the soil and on plants.
		It may take several seasons for the disease to control the pest, and it is preferable to treat a broad area to reduce the impact of immigrating healthy beetles.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /ent/biocontrol/pathogens/bacteria.html (1134 words)

	Larvicides for Mosquito Control \| Pesticides \| US EPA
		The microbial larvicides used for mosquito control are Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (B. sphaericus).
		Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is a naturally occurring soil bacterium registered for control of mosquito larvae.
		Bacillus sphaericus is a naturally occurring bacterium that is found throughout the world.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides/health/mosquitoes/larvicides4mosquitoes.htm (1843 words)

	Larvicide: Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti)
		Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is a naturally occurring soil bacterium that can effectively kill mosquito larvae present in water.
		If mosquito control is needed, Bti or Bacillus sphaericus products are recommended due to their low toxicity to non-target organisms (5).
		Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis have the potential to produce various toxins (exotoxins) that may exhibit toxic symptoms in mammals, however the manufacturing process includes monitoring to prevent these toxins from appearing in products (4).
	www.doh.wa.gov /ehp/ts/Zoo/WNV/larvicides/Bti.html (1182 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		thuringiensis (commonly known as 'Bt') is an insecticidal bacterium, marketed worldwide for control of many important plant pests - mainly caterpillars of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) but also mosquito larvae, and simuliid flflies that vector river blindness in Africa.
		Bacillus thuringiensis was first discovered in 1911 as a pathogen of flour moths from the province of Thuringia, Germany.
		Most of these strains have the same basic toxin structure, but differ in insect host range, perhaps because of different degrees of binding affinity to the toxin receptors in the insect gut.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/microbes/bt.htm (1444 words)

	Bacteriology 102 - Bacillus
		Vegetative cells of certain other organisms, notably of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium, can undergo a special, unequal type of binary fission where – instead of one cell dividing into two separate cells – one of the cells forms inside the other ("parent") cell.
		Back in Experiment 7, we studied three species of Bacillus, and we could infer the oxygen relationship of each from their reactions in the catalase and glucose fermentation tests, having already noted their ability to grow well under aerobic conditions.
		Primarily on account of comparative nucleic acid studies, a number of species in the genus Bacillus have been transferred to new, genetically and phenotypically-distinct genera which are not yet recognized in our Bacteriology 102 course which is still mired in 20th Century taxonomy.
	www.splammo.net /bact102/102bacillus.html (1467 words)

	Diamondback Moth Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1C in the Field
		Field-evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1C in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
		Influence of crystal protein composition of Bacillus thuringiensis strains on cross-resistance in Indianmeal moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
		Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis spore and crystal protein to resistant diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella).
	www.msstate.edu /Entomology/v8n1/art16.html (764 words)

	bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Bb1 NYS DEC Letter - Pesticide Registration 2/04
		YieldGard RootwormTm Rootworm Protection is a genetically engineered field corn modified to produce Bacillus thuringiensis, (Bt) Cry3Bb 1 insecticidal protein.
		Bacillus thuringiensis is a common soil bacteria.
		It produces an endotoxin protein that is selectively toxic to a limited number of species from three orders of insects: lepidoptera (Cryl); lepidoptera and diptera (Cry2); coleoptera (Cry3) and diptera (Cry4).
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/biopest-biocont/pip/bacillus_thur/bacillus_cry3Bb1_let_204.html (2231 words)

	Bacillus thuringiensis, BT, dipel, mosquitoes, safe pest control
		A favorite among pest control operators and organic gardeners, this material is used for biological control of different pests of people, pets and plants.
		Thuricide BT Spray is used by organic gardeners to spray plants.
		This material (containing Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki,.8%) is used to kill plant eating caterpillars, moth larvae, Gypsy Moth larvae and other leaf eating worms.
	www.pestproducts.com /bacillus_thuringiensis.htm (263 words)

	Plant Pesticide Bacillus Thuringiensis CryIIIA Delta-Endotox
		This is similar to the Agency position regarding the submission of residue data for the microbial Bacillus thuringiensis products from which this plant pesticide was derived.
		Despite decades of widespread use of Bacillus thuringiensis as a pesticide (it has been registered since 1961), there have been no confirmed reports of immediate or delayed allergic reactions from exposure.
		Bacillus thuringiensis CryIIIA delta-endotoxin and the genetic material necessary for its production are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a plant pesticide in potatoes.
	www.aphis.usda.gov /brs/EPA/mons951.html (2746 words)

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