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Topic: Back sheared Anvil

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	Vortex Storm Spotters Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and sometimes may spread upwind (see back-sheared anvil).
		Anvil Rollover - [Slang], a circular or semicircular lip of clouds along the underside of the upwind part of a back-sheared anvil, indicating rapid expansion of the anvil.
		Backing of the surface wind can increase the potential for tornado development by increasing the directional shear at low levels.
	www.cob.montevallo.edu /ReeseRC/vortexglossary.htm (1675 words)

	SKYWARN Storm Spotter Guides Online
		Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and sometimes may spread upwind (back-sheared anvil).
		Thunderstorm anvils are a form of cirrus cloud, but most cirrus clouds are not associated with thunderstorms.
		Shear usually refers to vertical wind shear, i.e., the change in wind with height, but the term also is used in Doppler radar to describe changes in radial velocity over short horizontal distances.
	spotterguides.us /glossary.htm (9166 words)

	National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac
		Backing: It is the counterclockwise turning of the wind direction as we move up through the atmosphere.
		Back Scatter: It refers to the portion of the radar beam energy that returns back towards the radar after striking a target.
		It is used to estimate wind speed and direction; determine regions of significant shear (convergence, etc.); locate boundaries (cold front, outflow, lake breeze, etc.); identify areas of circulation; and determine storm structure.
	www.crh.noaa.gov /dtx/glossary/b.php (3388 words)

	weather terms glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Backing Winds - Winds which shift in a counter clockwise direction with time at a given location (e.g.
		In storm spotting, a backing wind usually refers to the turning of a south or southwest surface wind with time to a more east or south-easterly direction.
		Barotropic systems are characterized by a lack of wind shear, and thus are generally unfavourable areas for severe thunderstorm development.
	www.pilotfriend.com /av_weather/met/b.htm (916 words)

	* Back-sheared Anvil - (Meteorology): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Back-Sheared Anvil - [Slang], a thunderstorm anvil which spreads upwind, against the flow aloft, often implying that a very strong updraft and, hence, a high severe weather potential exist...
		A back-sheared anvil often implies a very strong updraft and hence a possibly severe thunderstorm.
		This upwind squall line anvil is not the same as a strongly back-sheared anvil, but consists of anvil refuse left behind as the advancing gust front moves rapidly eastward.
	en.mimi.hu /meteorology/backsheared_anvil.html (161 words)

	NOAA's National Weather Service - Glossary
		In hydrologic terms, the backing up of water through a conduit or channel in the direction opposite to normal flow.
		A measure of the state of stratification in a fluid in which surfaces of constant pressure (isobaric) intersect surfaces of constant density (isosteric).
		Backing- A counterclockwise shift in wind direction (for example, south winds shifting to the east).
	www.nws.noaa.gov /glossary/glossary.php?letter=b (3603 words)

	METEOROLOGICAL AND SEVERE WEATHER TERM DEFINITIONS
		Anvil Crawler - A lightning discharge occurring within the anvil of a thunderstorm, characterized by one or more channels that appear to crawl along the underside of the anvil.
		Anvil Rollover - A circular or semicircular lip of clouds along the underside of the upwind part of a back-sheared anvil, indicating rapid expansion of the anvil.
		Back Door Cold Front- A front that moves east to west in direction rather than the normal west to east movement.
	www.carolinastormwatch.com /wxglossary.htm (3534 words)

	Glossary of Weather Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Backing Wind - Wind that shifts in a counterclockwise direction with time at a given location (e.g., from southerly to southeasterly) or changes direction in a counterclockwise sense with height (e.g., westerly at the surface but becoming more southerly aloft).
		Helicity is proportional to the strength of the flow, the amount of vertical wind shear, and the amount of turning in the flow (i.e., vorticity).
		Speed Shear - The component of wind shear that is due to a change in wind speed with height, e.g., southwesterly winds of 20 mph at 10,000 feet increasing to 50 mph at 20,000 feet.
	meted.ucar.edu /hazwx/glossary.htm (16589 words)

	Cloud types - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anvil – the top flatter part of a cumulonimbus cloud
		Anvil Dome – the overshooting top on a CB that is often present on a supercell
		Anvil Rollover – (slang) circular protrusion attached to underside of anvil
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cloud_types (1289 words)

	WeatherDoctor.com - local weather forecast
		Back Door Cold Front A cold front moving south or southwest along the Atlantic seaboard and Great Lakes; these are especially common during the spring months.
		Backflow In hydrologic terms, the backing up of water through a conduit or channel in the direction opposite to normal flow.
		BCKG Backing- A counterclockwise shift in wind direction (for example, south winds shifting to the east).
	www.weatherdoctor.com /glossary/b.html (3694 words)

	Eye on the Sky.
		As discussed earlier, a forward-spreading anvil was observed travelling eastwards from the main core of the storm.
		Although the forward anvil was spreading far in advance of the storm, much of the precipitation falling from the anvil was fairly light.
		The back-sheared anvil would be evident, but would not expand over as great a distance as the forward anvil.
	www.eots.co.uk /reports/Filkins/Page5.htm (612 words)

	Stormplanet by David C Simpson - Weather Glossary
		Such use of the term technically is incorrect, but in general it refers to a pattern characterized by widespread clouds and steady precipitation on the cool side of a front or other boundary.
		Speed shear is an important factor in severe weather development, especially in the middle and upper levels of the atmosphere.
		This display is useful for observing local changes in vertical wind shear, such as backing of low-level winds, increases in speed shear, and development or evolution of nearby jet streams (including low-level jets).
	www.stormplanet.com /glossary.htm (14203 words)

	Glossary of Weather Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		On occasion the light can be reflected from both the front and back of the raindrops and two rainbows are visible, with the color bands in the second opposite to those in the primary rainbow.
		Visual characteristics often include a rain-free base (with or without a wall cloud), tail cloud, flanking line, overshooting top, and back-sheared anvil, all of which normally are observed in or near the right rear or southwest part of the storm.
		Wedge (or Wedge Tornado) - [Slang], a large tornado with a condensation funnel that is at least as wide (horizontally) at the ground as it is tall (vertically) from the ground to cloud base.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /lub/safety/glossary.htm (16880 words)

	Bamaweather.com - Alabama's Weather Community Online
		Speed Shear - The component of wind shear which is due to a change in wind speed with height, e.g., southwesterly winds of 20 mph at 10,000 feet increasing to 50 mph at 20,000 feet.
		In comparison to tropical cyclones, such systems have a relatively broad zone of maximum winds that is located farther from the center, and typically have a less symmetric wind field and distribution of convection.
		A second type of subtropical cyclone is a mesoscale low originating in or near a frontolyzing zone of horizontal wind shear, with radius of maximum sustained winds generally less than 30 miles.
	www.bamaweather.com /?action=awareness2&id=glossary (16324 words)

	9NEWS.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Back-sheared Anvil - [Slang], a thunderstorm anvil that spreads upwind, against the flow aloft.
		Backing Wind - A wind that changes direction in a counter-clockwise sense with respect to time (north to northwest to west).
		A backing wind with respect to height usually signifies the arrival of colder air.
	www.9news.com /WEATHER/weather_glossary/b.htm (1427 words)

	Put together BY: Michael Wrzesinski Brought to you BY: The Weather Spot.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Difluence (or Diffluence) - A pattern of wind flow in which air moves outward (in a "fan-out" pattern) away from a central axis that is oriented parallel to the general direction of the flow.
		Enhanced V - A pattern seen on satellite infrared photographs of thunderstorms, in which a thunderstorm anvil exhibits a V-shaped region of colder cloud tops extending downwind from the thunderstorm core.
		Mushroom - [Slang], a thunderstorm with a well-defined anvil rollover, and thus having a visual appearance resembling a mushroom.
	www.theweatherspot.com /Database/Glossory.html (12715 words)

	Anvil
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	www.kitchen-equipment.org /subportals/Anvil/Anvil.html (2214 words)

	[No title]
		Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and may spread upwind (see back-sheared anvil; overshooting top.
		Backsheared anvil - [slang] a thunderstorm anvil which spreads upwind, against the flow aloft.
		Directional shear - The component of wind shear which is due to a change in wind direction with height, e.g., southeasterly winds at the surface and southwesterly winds aloft.
	www-commeng.cso.uiuc.edu /~kline/Severe/spotter-glossary.html (5825 words)

	2004 STORM CHASE ACCOUNTS
		The structure this storm was beginning to take on rapidly improved as well...it appeared to be evolving into a classic, text-book perfect HP supercell, with a large, rounded updraft which rotated back around to the northeast flank, and surrounded a large, circular rain core on the rear flank.
		The back lighting was terrific for photography, and we followed the storm east all the way to Des Moines.
		The circular anvil diverged away from the top of the cylindrical updraft, with a brilliant blue sky for a background and an expansive valley of rangeland as a foreground.
	tornadocyclone.com /2004chases.htm (4228 words)

	May 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The tower, cloud base, and the back sheared anvil is clearly visible.
		Anvil striations viewed from the south of the storm.
		A view of the back side of the storm after she took off without us.
	www.nicksin.net /chase (156 words)

	Chase in Tornado Alley 2002 - Special Report: Episode 2
		Back at the hotel, we observed the storm was still very strong with serious hail warnings.
		Finally, after hearing some static on the radio, we moved back to route 283 to be able to observe the glaciating anvil.
		Since the southern storm had spread its anvil rapidly east and the hail region was also threatening to block any route south, we headed south and east to be on the southeastern quadrant.
	www.australiasevereweather.com /storm_news/2002/docs/200205-02.htm (3713 words)

	South TX Weather (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		First, the anvil is "pulsed" as seen by the notches in the cirrus as it streams out to the northeast at 40-50,000 feet.
		The anvil is made up of rising liquid water clouds that form into ice crystals in the cold temperatures aloft.
		If you look there is an area of the back sheared anvil where the cumulus clouds are spreading back upstream, this also indicates a fast rising updraft of a strong storm.
	www.chaseday.com /southtexaswx-1.htm (376 words)

	Anvil - front (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
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	www.indexway.com /?q=anvil (381 words)

	Anvil - StormWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The flat, spreading top of a Cb (cumulonimbus), often shaped like an anvil.
		The anvil is formed as warm rising air (which is condensing into the visible cloud -water vapor-) reaches a level of warm air (usually at the Stratospheric level.
		Winds at that level can push the anvil to be more prominent in one direction or even give the entire thunderstorm top a "lean".
	stormwiki.unk.edu:16080 /index.php/Anvil (129 words)

	John Farley's Weather Photos
		In the first photo, a gap can be seen between the lowest cloud tag in the front (from our view) of the area of rotation, which was moving to the right, and the lowest cloud tag in the back, which was moving to the left.
		In the second photo, the cloud tag in front has closed the gap and is moving in front of the cloud tag in the back.
		Soon, I got a shot of a second large wall cloud which appeared to extend to the ground, but this was an illusion created by its passage behind a hill.
	www.siue.edu /~jfarley/weaphoto.htm (5902 words)

	Atmospheric Science Club Storm Chase 97
		There was some concern that there may not be enough moisture and shear for supercells.
		Mammatus Cloud - Mammatus clouds under the anvil of a developing supercell in West Texas.
		Back Sheared Anvil - This photo was taken of the backside of a thunderstorm outside of Tyler Texas.
	www.uwm.edu /StudentOrg/atmoclub/stormchase/chase97/chase97.html (2022 words)

	Oklahoma/Texas Storm April 30 2004 storm Oklahoma Texas
		This cell was moving east along the Red River...it had a huge back sheared anvil, and the updraft tower on the flank of the storm was rock hard.
		This storm was so close to producing a tornado, but then, as our nowcaster Jared Guyer soon informed us, another cell back to the west was beginning to merge with ours...effectively dumping its precipitation into our updraft and most likely killing the tornadic potential of our storm.
		After this cell became outflow dominant, we decided to target other storms further to the south, but by this time, too much lift in the presence of too little capping resulted in multiple updrafts in every direction and a low to mid-level cloud deck which decreased instability as well as visibility.
	www.nebraskastorms.com /04_ryan.htm (507 words)

	Retreating Lines: an examination of backside features
		Stable, stratiform clouds (those that develop in layers rather than clumps) predominate on the rear flank of a squall line.
		Mammatus often appear on the underside of the rear flank anvil (although they are also common on the front-flank anvil), as in the upper portions of the photograph.
		The same phenomenon occurs when the squall line advances southeast or east, while upper winds blow anvil material north and northeast.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/mtr/svr/type/mline/rtr.rxml (158 words)

	GLOSSARY OF METEOROLOGICAL TERMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A relatively rare form of lightning consisting of a reddish, luminous ball of the order of one foot in diameter, which may move rapidly along solid objects or remain floating in mid-air.
		Bulk Richardson Number (or BRN) - A non-dimensional number relating vertical stability (CAPE) and vertical shear (generally, stability divided by shear).
		Values less than 10 indicate the shear may be too strong given the weak buoyancy to develop sustained convective updrafts.
	www.met.tamu.edu /class/Metr304/Severedir/dictionary-a-b.html (2348 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The light-colored area just above the beavertail and in the center of the picture is the vault, or "bounded weak echo region" - the area between the updraft and the precipitation core where there is less rain (though possibly large hail).
		On the upper right can be seen backsheared anvil.
		The dark area on the left is the core; about the time this photo was taken, baseball hail was falling on Marion, 5 miles to my SE (left of picture).
	www.siue.edu /~jfarley/cinco2.htm (185 words)

	North West Lightning Storm Page 3
		Also visible is the top of the updraught and a back sheared anvil, both revealed by almost constant lightning at the top of the storm.
		The storm produced several spectacular positive lightning strikes into clear air to the right of the updraught which I wasn't unfortunately able to capture.
		Even on radar the storm was more reminiscent of severe storms of southern latitudes, with a heavy precipitation core and an obvious anvil streaming off to the north west.
	www.electricskies.com.au /Galleries/NWest/NWestP3.htm (409 words)

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