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	CalendarHome.com - Astronomy - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Astronomy (Greek: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia = astron + nomos, literally, "law of the stars") is the science of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere, such as stars, planets, comets, aurora, galaxies, and the cosmic background radiation.
		Modern astronomy as practised is not to be confused with astrology, the belief system that states that people's destiny and human affairs in general are correlated to the positions of celestial objects in the skies.
		Although classical astronomy was one of the seven key subjects taught at medieval universities in Europe, observational astronomy was mostly stagnant in medieval Europe until XIII century, when lived astronomers and astrologers as Johannes de Sacrobosco, in England, and Guido Bonatti from Forlì, in Italy.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Astronomy.htm (1913 words)

	Learn more about astronomy in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Astronomy, which etymologically means "law of the stars", is a science involving the observation and explanation of events occurring outside Earth and its atmosphere.
		Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs still play an active role, especially in the discovery and monitoring of transient phenomena.
		In astronomy, the main way of obtaining information is through the detection and analysis of electromagnetic radiation, photons, but information is also carried by cosmic rays, neutrinos, and, in the near future, gravitational waves (see LIGO and LISA).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/as/astronomy.html (1385 words)

	ORBSEARCH.COM \| encyclopedia of knowledge
		Astronomy, which etymologically means laws of the stars, is the science whose subject is the observation and explanation of events outside the earth.
		Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs still play an active role, especially in the discovering and monitoring of transient phenomena.
		Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, a pseudoscience which attempts to predict a person's destiny by tracking the paths of astronomical objects.
	www.orbsearch.com /as/Astronomy_and_Astrophysics.php (961 words)

	math lessons - Astronomy
		Astronomy (Greek: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, literally, "law of the stars") is the science involving the observation and explanation of events occurring beyond the Earth and its atmosphere.
		Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and monitoring of transient phenomena.
		Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, which assumes that people's destiny and human affairs in general are correlated to the apparent positions of astronomical objects in the sky -- although the two fields share a common origin, they are quite different; astronomers embrace the scientific method, while astrologers do not.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Astronomy (1632 words)

	Astronomy
		Astronomy, which etymologically means "law of the stars," (from Greek: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος) is a science involving the observation and explanation of events occurring outside Earth and its atmosphere.
		Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, although the two fields share a common origin, they are quite different; astronomers embrace the scientific method, while astrologers do not.
		Observational astronomy is concerned mostly with getting data, which involves building and maintaining instruments and processing the resulting data; this branch is at times referred to as "astrometry" or simply as "astronomy." Theoretical astrophysics is concerned mainly with figuring out the observational implications of different models, and involves working with computer or analytic models.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Astronomy (1548 words)

	Background (astronomy) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astronomy, background commonly refers to the incoming light from an apparently empty part of the night sky.
		In astronomical CCD technology, background is usually referred to the overall optical "noise" of the system, that is, the incoming light on the CCD sensor in absence of light sources.
		A background frame is often the first exposure in an astronomical observation with a CCD: the frame will then be subtracted from the actual observation result, leaving in theory only the incoming light from the astronomical object being observed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Background_(astronomy) (317 words)

	Astronomy and astrophysics - Piclab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Astrophysics was born as the application of physics to the phenomena observed by astronomy, this was only possible once it was understood that the elements that made up the "celestial objects" were the same that made up the Earth, and that the same laws of physics applied.
		Nearly all astronomers now have a strong background in physics, and the results of observations are always put in an astrophysical context, so the distinction between astronomy and astrophysics almost doesn't exist anymore.
		Cosmology, a discipline that has a large intersection with astronomy, made huge advances during the 20th century, with the model of the hot big bang heavily supported by the evidence provided by astronomy and physics, such as the cosmic microwave background radiation,Hubble's Law and cosmological abundances of elements.
	www.piclab.com /lee/index.php/Astronomy_and_astrophysics (884 words)

	Harvard Astronomy 16
		Astronomy 16 and Astronomy 45 are intended to complement each other and form a sequence, but both can also be taken as stand-alone courses.
		Astronomy 16 is offered in the Spring, is appropriate for freshmen, covers primarily topics in Galactic astronomy, and has a significant observational/practical component.
		Astronomy 45 is offered in the Fall, is appropriate for sophomores, juniors and seniors, covers primarily topics in extragalactic astronomy and cosmology, and is mainly based on lectures and research.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /astro16/who.html (428 words)

	Quaest.io on Astronomy
		In Babylon, and ancient Greece, astronomy consisted largely of astrometry, measuring positions of stars and planets in the sky.
		The first ancestor of an astronomy computer, was the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient Greek device for calculating the movements of planets, dating from about 87 BC.
		The existence of Earth's galaxy, the Milky Way, as a separate group of stars was only proven in the 20th century, along with the existence of "external" galaxies, and soon after, the expansion of the universe, seen in the recession of most galaxies from us.
	www.quaest.io /?title=Astronomy (1986 words)

	Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1946 - Term microwave first used in an astronomy article, "Microwave Radiation from the Sun and Moon" by Robert Dicke and Robert Beringer.
		1946 - Robert Dicke predicts a microwave background radiation temperature of 20K (ref: Helge Kragh)
		1990 - The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite shows that the microwave background has a nearly perfect fl-body spectrum and thereby strongly constrains the density of the intergalactic medium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_cosmic_microwave_background_astronomy (728 words)

	Wikinfo \| Cosmic microwave background radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation that fills the whole of the universe.
		The CBR was predicted by George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, and Robert Hermann in the 1940s and was accidentally discovered in the 1964 by Penzias and Wilson, who received a Nobel Prize for this discovery.
		Of these experiments, the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite that was flown in 1989-1996 is probably the most famous and which made the first detection of the large scale anisotropies (other than the dipole).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation (1006 words)

	MrSci.com: All Science, All the Time
		Astronomy (Greek: astronomia = astron + nomos, literally, "law of the stars") is the science of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere, such as stars, planets, comets, galaxies, and the cosmic background radiation.
		Astronomy is the science of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere, such as stars, planets, comets...
		In physics and chemistry, a plasma is an ionized gas, and is usually considered to be a distinct phase of matter...
	www.mrsci.com /physics/astronomy.html (1702 words)

	Christmas Background -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Background (astronomy) refers to small amounts of light coming from otherwise dark parts of the sky.
		Background (journalism) is an understanding between a news source and a reporter on the privacy of a discussion.
		Background independence is a condition in theoretical physics, especially in quantum gravity, that requires the defining equations of a theory to be independent of the actual shape of the spacetime and the value of various fields within the spacetime.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/31/christmas-background.html (1213 words)

	Department of Astronomy
		The excitement and accessibility of astronomy is clear from the frequent press coverage of major new revelations, including the discovery of planets orbiting other stars, the comet crash onto Jupiter, very young galaxies in the distant universe, and primeval ripples in the cosmic background radiation.
		Astronomy draws from, and contributes to, physics, as well as geology, atmospheric and environmental science, biology, and even philosophy.
		We will survey the field of extragalactic astronomy, considering such topics as: morphological, photometric and dynamical properties of galaxies; their gaseous and chemical content; dwarf, starburst and active galaxies; nuclear fl holes; luminosity functions and the distance scale; galaxy interactions; galaxy groups and clusters; dark matter; galaxy formation and evolution; the intergalactic medium.
	www.virginia.edu /registrar/records/03-04ugradrec/chapter6/chapter6-12.htm (2721 words)

	[No title]
		Astronomy, or more properly astrophysics, is a basic science that uses the universe to study fundamental physics.
		Radio techniques have played a vital role in astronomy ever since the late 1940s when the influx of new ideas and technology from the war years were put to use in the study of the universe, adding a rich new dimension to traditional observations at optical wavelengths.
		One key difference between radio astronomy and the more traditional optical astronomy is that the relatively long wavelengths (typically several centimetres) of radio waves means that a radio telescope must be much larger physically than an optical telescope in order to obtain the same resolution, or to distinguish fine detail.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /projects/mnrf1996/mnrf_c.html (1160 words)

	The Diffuse High-Energy Background - Introduction
		This gas has a temperature of about 1 million degrees and is heated in two ways: by supernovae, which leave shining remnants of hot gas behind; and by the hot winds of massive young stars, which heat surrounding gas and form stellar wind bubbles.
		Above 1 keV, most of the "diffuse" background is not truly diffuse in origin at all, but comes from many distant extragalactic objects.
		In astronomy, a "deep" observation means that a detector looks at a given point in space for a very long time.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l1/diffuse_background.html (1119 words)

	Astronomy
		The major in astronomy, administered by the Department of Astronomy, is based upon both a broad and an in-depth exploration into astronomy and allied disciplines, and is an excellent way to gain a general science education.
		Astronomy students are also encouraged to minor in a second field such as chemistry, computer science, geology, or mathematics.
		The Astronomy minor is also suitable for students who intend to pursue careers in areas that may benefit from a good knowledge of astronomy such as aerospace industry, science writing, scientific journalism, or science teaching in schools.
	courses.uiuc.edu /cis/programs/urbana/2005/fall/undergrad/las/astronomy.html (473 words)

	astronomy
		Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, a pseudoscience that attempts to predict a person's destiny by tracking the paths of astronomical objects.
		Although the two fields share a common origin, they are quite different; astronomers embrace the scientific method, while astrologers do not.
		Cosmology: the study of the universe as a whole and its evolution.
	www.findthelinks.com /science/Astronomy.htm (1315 words)

	John D. Monnier Home Page
		This course presents an introduction to astronomy and astrophysics with an emphasis on the discoveries from space exploration.
		This course presents an introduction to the field of astronomy and astrophysics with an emphasis on the discoveries from space exploration.
		Major topics include: noise sources and astrophysical backgrounds; astronomical optics and aberrations; the physical basis of coherent and incoherent photon detectors; design and use of imaging, spectroscopic, and polarimetric instruments; coordinate and filter systems; antenna theory; aperture synthesis and image reconstruction techniques; and further topics of interest at the discretion of the instructor.
	www.astro.lsa.umich.edu /~monnier/Teaching.html (1079 words)

	Physics and Astronomy
		Students completing a major in astronomy are required to take a minimum of eight courses in physics and astronomy, including: Astronomy 15, 25, 61, Physics 19, 24, one elective from Astronomy 74, 81 and two electives from Physics 41,43, 44, 74.
		Astronomy 1, 2/3, and 4 overlap very little in subject matter; any combination of these courses may be taken in any order.
		Advanced study of a topic in observational astronomy, culminating in a one- to two-week observing session at the observatory in Arizona.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~reg/courses/desc/phys.html (4948 words)

	Vassar College: Physics and Astronomy: Astronomy
		The astronomy program accommodates students interested in careers in professional astronomy as well as those who wish to combine a strong background in astronomy with specialization in another field.
		Except at the introductory level, astronomy courses have small enrollments (4 to 7 is typical), and students have good access to faculty as well as instrumentation.
		Students with some background in science and mathematics may wish to consider Astronomy 240 (Introduction to Observational Astronomy); students with an advanced background may enroll in Astronomy 212 (Galaxies and Galactic Structure) or Astronomy 220 (Stellar Astrophysics).
	physicsandastronomy.vassar.edu /astronomy_courses.shtml (174 words)

	University of Pittsburgh - Physics & Astronomy Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Since much of astronomy is based on concepts of physics, a major in physics and astronomy is an excellent way to prepare for a career in astronomy.
		Still others may want to understand the fundamental principles of physics and astronomy and the ways in which research scientists work, not in preparation for a career in science or technology, but as background for the many other fields in today’s society where science and technology have an important impact.
		The B.S. in physics and astronomy degree is intended primarily for students with an interest in astronomy or related aspects of space science.
	venus.phyast.pitt.edu /Academics/Undergraduate/UGB.html (5761 words)

	Astronomy at the University of Toronto in Mississauga
		Astronomy at the University of Toronto in Mississauga
		Astronomy, of all the sciences, is perhaps the most wide-ranging in its content and in its implications.
		AST101H introduces the student to the historical background of astronomy and continues through to the modern discoveries about the solar system and the development of modern telescopes and observatories, both on the ground and in space.
	www.erin.utoronto.ca /~astro (682 words)

	Computer Background -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The background, in the context of computer software processes, refers in general to processes that are run with a relatively low priority, require little or no input, and generate a minimum of output.
		Background processes can roughly be divided into two categories: daemons and compute-intensive tasks.
		The background is also used for long tasks that require huge amount of computation and thus CPU time.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/34/computer-background.html (1191 words)

	AST 352K - Stellar Astronomy
		We do not assume that you have a strong (indeed, any) previous background in astronomy, although many of the students will have previously either taken other upper-division astronomy courses or at least had an introductory astronomy course such as AST 307 or 301.
		If you find that there are gaps in your background, please ask me to explain or elaborate (either in class or during office hours); you might also find it helpful to consult one of the many fine introductory textbooks that are widely available (I can lend you one of them).
		You will individually prepare and give this small talk on some narrow stellar astronomy topic, but in the context of a broader topic to be addressed by a group of students.
	www.as.utexas.edu /astronomy/education/fall03/sneden/sneden_352k_02.html (462 words)

	Harvard Dept of Astronomy, Info for Concentrators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Astronomy is the study of the universe and the various objects in it using the laws of Physics, for example:
		If you are not sure if you would like Astronomy and want to find out what the subject is like, you can try Astronomy 16 (for those with a physics background), or Astronomy 1, Science A35 or Science A36 (for those with a general background) during the first year.
		Because the Astronomy Department is housed at the Center for Astrophysics (CfA), which is made up of the Harvard College Observatory (HCO) and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), we have access to excellent facilities and research opportunities.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /hco/astro/academics/for_astro_conc.html (522 words)

	ASP: Astronomy Education in the United States
		One area of astronomy education that has received very little attention are children's books, despite the fact that these can have a strong influence on youngsters.
		Alas, mixed in with these excellent and reliable books — often on specific single topics in astronomy — are a host of muddle-headed, error-filled books written by people with little science background and published by organizations and publishers who should (in many cases) know better.
		Many of us have probably had to deal with questions from this bizarre incident, and it illustrates that at a time when conspiracy theories are high on the list of public entertainment and paranoia, the unfettered medium of the Web brings dangers as well as opportunities.
	www.astrosociety.org /education/resources/useduc08.html (794 words)

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