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	Backhaul (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Backhaul, in telecommunications, concerned with transporting traffic between distributed sites (typically access points) and more centralised points of presence
		Backhaul, in the broadcast TV industry, the point-to-point transmission, usually by satellite, of a feed from a remote location to the studio
		In the freight industry, freight carried by a trucker to return to his home with a loaded truck, rather than an empty one (as opposed to headhaul, the outgoing freight)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Backhaul (140 words)

	Catalyst 6500 Series and Cisco 7600 Series Communication Media Module QSIG Backhaul Configuration Note
		PRI/Q.931 signaling backhaul is the transport of PRI signaling (Q.931 and above layers) between a media gateway (such as a Cisco access server, router, or concentrator) and a media gateway controller (specifically, the Cisco VSC3000).
		The general principle behind signaling backhaul is to pass as many layers of a protocol stack as possible through a gateway directly to the VSC.
		The backhaul session manager is a software function that resides on the Cisco media gateway and manages RUDP sessions on the VSC and gateway.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat6000/cfgnotes/ol_3972.htm (4219 words)

	backhaul - a Whatis.com definition
		Backhaul, a term probably derived from the trucking industry, has several usages in information technology.
		For example, to deliver a live television program from Chicago to authorized DirecPC satellite terminals around the country, the video signals would have to be backhauled by some means (by optical fiber cable or by another satellite system) to the Hughes DirecPC facility in Germantown, Maryland.
		Backhauling is also used to get non-live audio and video material to distribution points at the major broadcast news organizations for broadcast in the evening or ongoing news.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid4_gci211630,00.html (331 words)

	Blueprint: Metro Ethernet
		Today’s RAN backhaul network is made up of TDM-based leased lines for the backhaul of traffic from base stations to the base station controller (BSC), which then connect to the mobile switching center (MSC) and PSTN.
		Put into context, with backhaul accounting for 50% to 60% of all OpEx costs, a 70% reduction in backhaul charges represents a 40% decrease in overall OpEx, which is very significant indeed.
		By enabling the backhaul of all generations of voice and data traffic over a single packet-based RAN, a pseudo-wire solution offers mobile wireless operators a full-service alternative to TDM access and a means to substantially reduce backhaul expenses and enhance profitability.
	www.convergedigest.com /bp-me/bp1.asp?ID=312&ctgy=Market (2446 words)

	Backhaul Overhaul - 9/15/2005 - Wireless Week - CA6257017 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Similarly, Cingular Wireless also is reassessing its backhaul strategy given the heftier bandwidth load of high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), according to Mike Pietropola, Cingular's vice president of network operations.
		Microwave backhaul does require the carrier to buy licensed spectrum, but for the most part that is available, Blain says.
		Perhaps the biggest benefit cellular carriers could see from widening their backhaul stance is the competition it could generate among providers.
	www.wirelessweek.com /article/CA6257017.html?text=fibertower (1439 words)

	Local loop unbundling: backhaul services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These estimates may understate the cost of backhaul to operators, as operators may have some level of contention in reserve to allow for future sales ie the purchase of backhaul is likely to provide a lumpy increase in capacity.
		Although not directly relevant to the provision of backhaul circuits, some of the principles in the Director General’s PPC direction – in particular as regards pricing – will also be relevant to the treatment by the Director General of any disputes relating to the provision of backhaul in the context of local loop unbundling.
		B.37 Oftel considers that backhaul trunk is likely to be in the same market as PPC trunk segments, as customers are likely to consider PPC trunk segments to be reasonable substitutes for trunk backhaul and suppliers of PPC trunk segments are likely to be able to easily enter the market for trunk backhaul.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /static/archive/oftel/publications/broadband/llu/back1201.htm (13967 words)

	Backhaul Network - Membership Agreement
		Backhaul Network, Inc. and its suppliers disclaim any and all liability for any special, incidental, indirect, or consequential damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of or inability to use the Backhaul Network.
		Backhaul Network, Inc.'s and its suppliers' entire liability and your exclusive remedy shall be, at Backhaul Network, Inc.'s option, return of any unused portion of any fee paid for use of the Backhaul Network's services.
		Backhaul Network, Inc. and its suppliers disclaim any and all warranties, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose, any information or other statements made by its customers and displayed on its Load Boards or in its Registries.
	www.backhaul.net /new-lega.htm (521 words)

	Level 3 Communications, Inc. - Backhaul Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Level 3 Backhaul service connects the Level 3 Network to transoceanic cable landing stations in Europe and on the east and west coasts of North America.
		The companies that use Level 3's transport services are among the most sophisticated and demanding customers in the world.
		Level 3 backhaul service gives customers the flexibility to connect transoceanic cable landing stations in Europe and North America to the Level 3 Network.
	www.level3.com /3557.html (513 words)

	Light Reading - Mobile/Wireless - HR: Ethernet Key to Wireless Backhaul - Telecom News Analysis
		Wireless backhaul is shooting up the agendas of mobile operators worldwide as data traffic and network coverage strategies force them to increase the available capacity between their base stations and core networks, according to a new Heavy Reading report.
		The report, Backhaul Strategies for Mobile Carriers, finds that as spending on backhaul rises (by up to 25 percent in some cases) to cope with network expansion and the uptake of 3G data services, so low-cost IP-based radio access network (RAN) solutions attract the attention of operators currently relying on expensive T1/E1 leased lines.
		The wireless backhaul issue has come to prominence in the past year, with some notable examples of pseudowire deployments, where legacy services are transported over IP-based networks, in the U.S. and Hong Kong.
	www.lightreading.com /document.asp?doc_id=92003&f_src=lightreading_default (651 words)

	Backhaul Synchronisation Reduces Dropped Calls - survey
		Horsebridge Network Systems has released the results of a user study showing its backhaul networking solution is effective for reducing service disruptions experienced by users of mobile networks by upwards of twenty percent.
		Backhaul services are one of the most expensive areas of the network that operators must support.
		When building a data-based network, backhaul typically accounts for 25% of the entire network cost, or for operators who lease their backhaul, around 40 - 60 % of total operational costs.
	www.cellular-news.com /story/18745.php (465 words)

	FiberTower Corporation \| Mission Critical Backhaul Services for Wireless Carriers
		Backhaul for wireless carriers who have built their reputations and brands on superior network performance.
		FiberTower delivers a new backhaul alternative that enables wireless carriers to raise the overall quality of their networks and deliver new service standards to their customers without having to apply additional capital.
		Wireless carriers who recognize that their networks are at the heart of their success and a source of competitive differentiation, can rely on the FiberTower backhaul service to secure the quality of their total network.
	www.fibertower.com (227 words)

	More mobile capacity? Don't forget about backhaul
		When owning the backhaul infrastructure, the most commonly used technology is that of microwave links, which are relatively inexpensive to install but are limited in their support of the increased capacity needs of the new cellular technologies.
		Another benefit of cellular backhaul switching is its ability to distinguish between voice, data, and signalling frames and forward them all in a single unified pipe, providing QoS support based on the classification of the cellular voice, data, and signalling traffic.
		Cellular backhaul switching is indispensable to upgrading the aging backhaul network to the point where it can carry the inflated traffic that 3G and 3.5G wireless technology will generate, and can breathe new life into the old wireline networking infrastructure.
	www.tmcnet.com /usubmit/2006/04/07/1551519.htm (1767 words)

	PRI/Q.931 Signaling Backhaul for Call Agent Applications
		This feature module describes the implementation of the PRI/Q.931 Signaling Backhaul for Call Agent Applications feature in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(4)T, in which PRI/Q.931 signaling backhaul is added to the Cisco 2600 and Cisco 3600 series routers and Cisco MC3810 series multiservice access concentrators.
		The PRI/Q.931 Signaling Backhaul feature provides the infrastructure to support the backhaul of the ISDN signaling protocol in a non-fault-tolerant manner.
		Describes the function of this IP path (backhaul service to a specified media gateway, for example Backhaul service to MC3810-6).
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122newft/122t/122t4/ft_bhaul.htm (3606 words)

	Heavy Reading
		Put simply, if backhaul costs can’t be reined in as more and more capacity is added to cope with increasing traffic volumes, the operating margins of cellular carriers are going to deteriorate further.
		Backhaul Strategies for Mobile Carriers analyzes the current spike in mobile backhaul spending and assesses the steps that mobile operators are taking to implement cost-reduction technologies in the backhaul network, including the radio access network (RAN) itself.
		It defines "backhaul" and explains the differences in CDMA and GSM/W-CDMA architectures, as well as the differences in how backhaul networks are designed in different regions.
	www.heavyreading.com /details.asp?sku_id=999&skuitem_itemid=880 (1694 words)

	Bringing Business Brains to Wireless Backhaul \| October 1, ...
		Throughout the 1990s, wireless backhaul networks were implemented in a relatively inefficient manner, with transmission engineers being measured predominantly on the rate at which they could execute transmission circuits rather than on operational cost considerations.
		Although most service providers have not optimized their backhaul and transmission networks across 2G and 3G networks, it will be a requirement over the next 36 months as the 3G networks mature.
		In anticipation of architectural and protocol changes in backhaul networks, service providers must leverage general purpose optimization platforms such as multi-service switches instead of point solutions that will not support the evolutionary requirements of the transmission networks.
	www.telecommagazine.com /search/article.asp?Id=AR_1179&SearchWord= (1369 words)

	Extel Communications - expandsl Backhaul Aggregators
		Two C8as or C24as DSLAMs can be connected together, sharing a single ATM backhaul, and forming a ‘virtual’ DSLAM with twice the port count.
		Backhaul Aggregators further extend this scalability by providing a path to higher port counts and backhaul capacity.
		By connecting up to five expandsl Central Office DSLAMs to a Backhaul Aggregator, an even larger ‘virtual’ DSLAM with a higher-capacity backhaul is created.
	www.extelcomms.com /products_solutions/expandsl/backhaul.html (232 words)

	EXALT - Leading the Next generation of Wireless Backhaul
		Exalt Communications announces its line of next-generation wireless backhaul solutions; a new breed of carrier-class, spectrally-efficient, high capacity digital microwave radios.
		Exalt Communications provides market-leading, next-generation wireless backhaul systems and interconnect solutions that uniquely address current infrastructure bottlenecks and future capacity needs of service providers and enterprises worldwide.
		Exalt Communications makes it possible to upgrade your legacy wireless backhaul to 100 or 200Mbps guaranteed throughput with carrier class performance and seamless integration into your existing network.
	www.exaltcom.com (141 words)

	Meshed metro Ethernet backhaul for Wi-Fi access networks
		An additional attraction of licensed wireless backhaul is the fact that it delivers interference-free operation, which means the backhaul links will perform properly and with the expected throughput.
		Figure 2 illustrates a backhaul network in which a number of mesh sub-circuits are used to backhaul cellular mobile BTS locations distributed throughout a large metro area.
		In this case the traffic on the backhaul network is a combination of high-speed data and cellular voice traffic (carried as TDM-over-Ethernet).
	telephonyonline.com /wireless/infrastructure/technology/meshed_ethernet_wifi_080505 (1736 words)

	smartBridges :: airHaul Nexus
		The airHaul Nexus is the best-in-class backhaul with its intelligent networking features and carrier class attributes.
		The net result of this superior RF engineering is reliable and high performance wireless backhaul links for your distant subscribers.
		With the easy-to-use backhaul, simple-to-use software and audio tone antenna alignment aid, the network can be setup rapidly and cost-effectively.
	www.smartbridges.com /web/products/ah.asp (879 words)

	Rethinking Backhaul - 1/1/2006 - Wireless Week - CA6293830 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Traditionally, most operators have relied heavily on copper line T1 connections for their backhaul traffic, but that may be changing.
		The company is building a dedicated cellular backhaul network that uses a combination of wireless radio links and fiber optic connections.
		Recent disasters such as Hurricane Katrina have made wireless operators aware of their T1 dependency for backhaul, and that is causing some to consider alternatives.
	www.wirelessweek.com /article/CA6293830.html?text=fibertower (984 words)

	The Japan Backhaul Market
		As deregulation has swept through the telecom industry in Japan, the backhaul market has remained somewhat closed, retaining vestiges of the monopoly days when it was served by the long-distance arm of NTT.
		Under increasing pressure to reduce costs for end-to-end networks, partly due to competition from the private cable owner Global Crossing, which owns its landing station and provides its own backhaul, the club cable companies are exerting pressure on their backhaul providers to lower prices.
		Exhibit 1 shows the extent to which backhaul carrier selection is available at some of Japan's major club cable landing stations.
	www.marketresearch.com /researchindex/691455.html (245 words)

	NMS - RAN Backhaul Optimization
		Since backhaul expenses can frequently represent 20-30% of total recurring network OpEx, reducing the number of dedicated backhaul connections can help operators save a significant portion of their operating expenses.
		AccessGate delivers backhaul bandwidth savings of up to 50% in today’s Abis- and Ater-based GSM networks, drastically lowering operating expenses and allowing wireless operators to recoup their investment in a matter of months.
		As an alternative to decommissioning existing backhaul circuits, AccessGate can instead be used to free up residual backhaul capacity to support new subscriber growth without additional bandwidth investments.
	www.nmscommunications.com /NetSolutions/RANOptimization (434 words)

	Wireless Carriers to Continue Spending Spree on Backhaul Technologies, Says Heavy Reading \| Tekrati Research News
		Wireless network operators of all types are increasing their spending on technology to improve the backhaul connections that link their base stations to their core networks -- and this trend is likely to continue for the foreseeable future, according to a market study by Heavy Reading.
		The market for multiservice aggregation solutions for the mobile backhaul network is becoming increasingly crowded, in terms of both the variety of product types and the number of vendors.
		The Heavy Reading report, "Backhaul Strategies for Mobile Carriers", analyzes the current spike in mobile backhaul spending and assesses the steps that mobile operators are taking to implement cost-reduction technologies in the backhaul network, including the radio access network (RAN) itself.
	www.tekrati.com /research/News.asp?id=6722 (627 words)

	Light Reading - Mobile/Wireless - Battling Mobile Backhaul Costs - Telecom
		As discussed in Heavy Reading's latest report, Backhaul Strategies for Mobile Carriers, carriers are typically raising their backhaul spending by 15 to 25 percent to prepare their networks for the higher volumes of traffic that these air-interface enhancements are driving.
		Scaling the backhaul network on the basis of this TDM-based network topology will do for now as a means of getting these services off the ground.
		Some carriers have deployed ATM for backhaul aggregation, but many of these continue to struggle with integrating this new layer with their SDH/Sonet networks, particularly from a network management and network provisioning perspective.
	www.lightreading.com /document.asp?doc_id=91315 (1049 words)

	Aktino: Long-Reach Broadband over Copper Solutions: Applications : Cell Site Backhaul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The ever increasing penetration of wireless services worldwide and now the deployment of new wireless applications using 2.5G and 3G technologies are adding new bandwidth backhaul requirements from cell sites to local central offices.
		The traditional method of backhaul is to use either fiber or copper loops.
		However, in North America, nearly 80% of all wireless traffic is backhauled over existing copper loops typically utilizing HDSLx technology.
	www.aktino.com /applications/cellsite.php (149 words)

	California Gas Transmission \| CGT Now Offers Backhaul Service Using Firm Transportation
		With backhaul service using a firm tariff, you may now move gas to any of CGT’s off-system delivery points (including Malin, Daggett, Southern Trails, and Topock) using firm transportation.
		Using the firm tariff to backhaul provides a higher level of reliability than backhauls using as-available transportation, especially when either the receipt or delivery point is constrained.
		Additionally, backhaul service using firm transportation may allow shippers to document a complete chain of firm supply and transportation from origin to destination, increasing the confidence level of customers, counterparties, and creditors.
	www.pge.com /pipeline/news/20030717_392_news.shtml (238 words)

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