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Topic: Backward pawn

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	Pawn (chess) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pawns are differentiated by the files in which they currently stand, for example one speaks of "white's f-pawn".
		Pawns are the source of nearly all of the strategic depth of chess.
		A pawn which can't be blocked or captured by enemy pawns in its advance to promotion is a passed pawn.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pawn_(chess) (1333 words)

	[No title]
		Backward pawns (defined simply as not being defended by a pawn with the square in front also not defended by a a pawn) are penalized 6 points.
		Pawns on the e and d files and on the 2nd rank are given a 10 point penalty.
		Passed pawns are given a bonus for increasing rank which is a function of stage of the game and of whether the opponent blocks or attacks one or more squares in front of the pawn or if the opponents king is in the square of the pawn.
	alumni.imsa.edu /~stendahl/comp/txt/gnuchess.txt (1124 words)

	Pawn (chess) - Chesspedia, the free chess encyclopedia Pushedpawn.org
		The capturing pawn moves into the empty square over which the moving pawn moved, and the moving pawn is removed from the board.
		The pawn is immediately (before the opposing player's next move) replaced by a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color.
		Doubled pawns are substantially weaker than pawns which are side by side, because they can't defend each other, and the front pawn blocks the advance of the back one.
	pushedpawn.org /test6/Pawn_(chess).htm (1450 words)

	MATHEMATICS 177 PAWN STRUCTURE
		In the illustration at the right, white's 3 knight and rook pawns at squares a6, b5, and g4 are the only passed pawns.
		In the figure at the right, all pawns of both colors are connected, except white's pawn at g4.
		Backward pawns are difficult to avoid: white's pawn at e2 is backward.
	math.uww.edu /~mcfarlat/177pawn.htm (335 words)

	Mark Lowery's Exciting World of Chess - pawn Chains
		In a forward V-shape pawn chain when the apex pawn is a forward pawn vertically from the player's side of the board, then there are two base pawns.
		With a reverse or backward V-shape pawn chain when the apex pawn is to the rear (i.e., toward the player's back rank), then it also is the base pawn in the chains.
		A reverse or backward pawn chain is usually much weaker than a forward V-shape pawn chain because if the base pawn falls to capture this opens up two of the player's pawns (the next ones in the chain) to being attacked and captured, creating significant positional inferiority and double difficulties for the player.
	www.markalowery.net /Chess/pawns/pawnchains.html (842 words)

	Kid Chess Academy: Glossary of Chess Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Backward Pawn: A pawn that has lagged behind and cannot be protected by other pawns.
		A pawn which on its first move advances two squares and passes an enemy pawn on an adjacent file that has advanced to its 5th rank, may be captured by that enemy pawn as if the first pawn had moved only one square.
		Underpromotion: Moving a pawn to the 8th rank and replacing it with a knight, bishop, or rook; instead of a queen.
	www.kidchess.com /glossary/abridged_glossary.htm (2152 words)

	Glossary of chess terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These friendly pawns are in turn restricted by enemy pawns or pieces, thereby being unable to vacate squares for the bishop.
		The idea is that the overprotected pawn or square may be causing considerable problems for the opponent, who would be unwise to try to break the strong point, because he would release the latent power of the protecting pieces.
		Pawns based in the centre of the board, primarily on d4, e4, d5 or e5.
	www.arkangles.com /kchess/glossary.html (5557 words)

	FRC/Chess960 - Chess Terms Glossary
		A backward doubled pawn represents a more serious liability than a normal backward pawn, because its backwardness generally cannot be remedied by advance due to the obstruction of the front pawn.
		Such pawns are generally considered to be weak, as the front pawn cannot usually be defended from behind by a rook or queen.
		The negatives of an isolated pawn are its inability to be guarded by a friendly pawn and the fact that the square directly in front of it usually makes a fine home for an enemy piece since no pawns can chase it away.
	frcec.chess960.info /FRC-ChessGlossary.htm (2375 words)

	Chessville - Reference Center - Glossary for Pawn Power In Chess by Hans Kmoch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A chain lever in which the bases of the opposing pawn chains are not attacked, e.g., a5, b4, c3 vs. a7, b6, c5.
		A pawn or a piece being protected from frontal assault by the opposing pawn whose stop or telestop it is occupying.
		A triad of unfree pawns is unable to produce a passer against a duo.
	www.chessville.com /Reference_Center/Pawn_Power_Glossary.htm (817 words)

	Chess Terms Dictionary
		An isolated pawn is considered a weakness because it is often a target for attack, as it has no friendly pawn protectors.
		Pawn Storm: The advance of two or more connected pawns for the intent of an attack on the King, to promote one of the pawns, or to restrict the movement of the enemy pieces.
		Pawn storms are most effective when the Kings have castled on opposite sides of the board.
	www.geocities.com /allentownchess/terms.html (4089 words)

	Backward pawn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In chess, a backward pawn is a pawn that is behind the pawns of the same color on the adjacent files and that cannot be advanced with the support of another pawn.
		In the diagrammed position, the Black pawn on the c6 square is backward.
		If the backward pawn is on a half-open file, as in this case, the disadvantage is much larger, as it can be more easily attacked by an opponent's rook or queen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Backward_pawn (202 words)

	Chess Glossary
		This term describes a Pawn which has passed the central line of the chessboard which is between the fourth and fifth ranks.
		A backward Pawn is consider a fundamental weakness in a Chess position because it can be attacked.
		This term describes the situation where the advance of a Pawn is prevented by an opponent's piece directly in front of the frustrated Pawn.
	www.chess-poster.com /english/glossary.htm (4349 words)

	Pb's ThinkTank - Games - Sorry!
		A pawn needs an exact number to get to Home, so if one pawn has 4 more squares to get to Home, splitting 7 makes the pawn move 4 squares to get to Home, and another pawn elsewhere just moves the remaining 3 squares.
		The going backward is convenient when your pawn is near the Start square and is considering taking a shortcut to Home.
		Its possible to kick another colour's pawns back into prison, by landing on the square they are on, or sliding on the coloured squares and knocking them off.
	pb.ivdrive.net /games/sorry.html (874 words)

	Town Topics
		In many games, I avoid the existence or creation of backward pawns at the cost of other positional disadvantages because backward pawns require a lot of support.
		When a pawn can no longer be advanced with the support of its neighbors, it is considered backward.
		Often backward pawn advances are further impeded by opposing pawn placement as well.
	www.towntopics.com /mar0905/chess.html (166 words)

	How to Formulate a Plan in Chess
		The central advance should be clear as the white rook on d1 is opposite the fl queen on d8, and the abscence of fls light-squared bishop (imbalance) means that whites light-squared bishop on c4 increaces in power by the opening of lines (note that the white queen on f3 bears down on f7).
		A backward pawn acts a guard to a more advanced pawn that can be used to block enemy pieces and control important squares.
		Hanging pawns are weak if the other side is able to circumvent any dynamic tactical advance of the pawn duo, since the pawns would then be immobile and he would then be able to train all his power on them as targets.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/chess/planning.html (2594 words)

	Exeter Chess Club: Weak pawns
		They were moving pawns forward which got surrounded and caught, they moved pawns forward which created holes near their king, they moved pawns forward which became the focus of a sacrifice.
		The Pawn on d6 is exposed to attack along the d-file but can neither be supported by a friendly Pawn nor easily be moved out of the way.
		The hindmost Pawn at c3 is effectively backward, but it is the Pawn on c4 which is most difficult to defend, as no Rook at c1 can support it.
	www.exeterchessclub.org.uk /weakpawn.html (2110 words)

	Queen's Gambit Declined - Exchange Variation
		Black is a pawn up and has an outside passed pawn which is great in the endgame where it can lure the white king away from the center of the board.
		However, when the pawns are all on one side of the board the knight is as powerful as the bishop, sometimes even more, since it can cover all squares, not just one color as the lone bishop does.
		Also, if White can trade his two pawns for the Black 'c' and 'f' pawns, Black will not be able to Queen his remaining 'h' pawn because the White King will be able to sit on the h1 square and can not be removed from there by the Black bishop.
	members.aol.com /manusfealy3/ch40.htm (705 words)

	Chessville Reviews - Chess College 2: Pawn Play - by GM Efstratios Grivas - Reviewed by S. Evan Kreider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The “Passed Pawn” chapter starts with a short essay describing the strategic elements of the passed pawn, focusing of course on the old adage, “passed pawns must be pushed.” He demonstrates the proper use of such pawns through seven example games.
		Grivas divides the chapter into discussions of both central and flank doubled pawns, including cases of doubled isolated pawns, which are often exponentially weaker than mere doubled pawns.
		Moreover, the presence of the b-pawns favors Black as the white pawn on b5 is more accessible and thus weaker than the fl one on b7.
	chessville.com /reviews/ChessCollege2PawnPlay.htm (889 words)

	Mark Lowery's Exciting World of Chess - pawn Chains 2
		Identify all the pawn chains and the types that exist on the board at this point in the game.
		Black has 2 two-pawn chain (a6-b7; f6-g7), and 2 three-pawn chains (c7,d6,e5; g7,f6,e5) with two connected pawn chains: a backward pawn chain (e5-f6-g5) and a forward pawn chain (c7-d6-e5-f6-g7).
		White has 5 two-pawn chains (a3-b4; b4-c3; c3-d4; f2- g3; and g3-h2) with three connected pawn chains (2 forward and 1 backward): the two forward pawn chains being (a3-b4-c3; fd-g3-h2); the backward pawn chain (b4-c3-d4).
	www.markalowery.net /Chess/pawns/pawnchains2.html (210 words)

	The Hindu : Humpy, Deep Sengupta keep lead
		She was always threatening some pawn or the other and appeared to have a winning advantage.
		The first was a backward bishop move and the second was also a backward rook move that threatened mate in conjunction with his queen.
		Gupta had also boldly accepted a backward pawn on the open d-file which Boros was not even able to attack.
	www.hindu.com /2000/10/19/stories/07190207.htm (668 words)

	Webmaster Frank's Compendium of Chess Concepts--Pawns
		PAWN CROSS--Cross formed along the rank and file on which the pawn sits with the pawn itself at the center of the cross.
		SHIELDING--A pawn or a piece being protected from frontal assault by the opposing pawn whose stop or telestop it is occupying.
		a) IN PASSING--If a Pawn is located on the 6th rank and a pawn on the 2nd rank moves forward two moves from the 2nd to the 4th ranks, the 6th rank pawn may capture the 2stepping pawn diagonally on the 3rd rank as per official USCF and FIDE rules.
	mysite.verizon.net /webmasterfrank/patterns/lex2a.html (1531 words)

	Glossary of Chess Terms: B
		Backward Pawn: A pawn that has fallen behind its comrades, and thus no longer can be supported or guarded by other pawns of its own persuasion.
		The pawns on h6 and b7 are not backward because they can safely advance.
		In the diagram, the Knight on d6 is firmly blockading the pawn on d5.
	www.jeremysilman.com /chess_glossary/glossary_chess_terms_b.html (446 words)

	Patterns--The Key To Winning Chess
		It is the weaknesses in the Pawn structure that are attacked and that leads to victory for one side or the other.
		Pawns can be pinned leading to the loss of pieces or to the reduction of Piece mobility because we then have to defend the Pawns.
		Also pawn weaknesses may cause pieces to be enslaved--forced to defend Pawns--again reducing piece mobility.
	mysite.verizon.net /webmasterfrank/patterns/pawnsop.htm (447 words)

	Dynamic Pawn Play in Chess
		This book tackles fundamental questions such as: 'How should pawns be used to fight for the centre?' and 'How does the central pawn formation affect planning for both sides?' These issues are central to understanding chess.
		He begins by surveying how the pawn's role in controlling the centre has been developed over the last 150 years, and how this has led to the refinement of concepts such as the 'dynamic' backward pawn and the positional exchange sacrifice.
		The bulk of the book is devoted to discussions of the main type of centre: Open Centre; Closed/Blocked Centre; Fixed Centre; and in particular the Mobile/Dynamic Centre.Drazen Marovic is a grandmaster from Croatia, who has won medals as both player and trainer for various national teams.
	www.thechessstore.com /product/GAMBIT46 (184 words)

	Ossip Bernstein vs Jose Raul Capablanca (1914) "Phi Beta Capa"
		Cap knew after considering the position on the board that although the pawn would be backwards it would be difficult for Bernstien to exploit it.
		Notice how pawn c4 also opened a diagnol for what was before a weak bishop now ready for active duty.
		Bernstein had his forces piled up on the c pawn for quite a while, so when he had enough to win it byforce, he probbaly just quickly took it without stopping to consider the consequences.
	www.chessgames.com /perl/chessgame?gid=1261680 (1347 words)

	Exeter Chess Club: Pawn Formations
		Isolated pawns are weak, but central pawns are strong.
		The critical and common case is the isolated Queen's pawn (IQP) where the strength and space is greatest.
		The pawns are strong and can be turned to attack because they control so many key squares, but if either pawn moves the weakness of the other will be sharply etched.
	www.exeterchessclub.org.uk /pawnform.html (2375 words)

	[No title]
		A PASSED PAWN is a pawn which can reach the end of the board without being taken or blocked by an enemy pawn.
		In this case the g2 pawn cannot advance without being taken because of the Black Pawn on h4 (don't forget the EN PASSANT RULE!).
		The PAWN CHAIN on b7, c6 and d5 is one.
	www.chesskids.com /level3/cl7l4.htm (1596 words)

	Chess Glossary, Chess-Theory's Glossary of Chess Terms, Alphabetical classification of chess terms, Comprehensive Chess ...
		A Weak Pawn is a pawn difficult, even impossible, to protect and easily open to attacks from the other side
		The backward pawn b2 is for White a significant weakness; but, nevertheless White owns some interesting compensations and finally has a better play than Black.
		As to White, the single weakness of their pawn structure is represented by the backward c2-pawn, located on an open file controlled by Black.
	www.chess-theory.com /enva04w_glossary_chess_theory.htm (728 words)

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