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Topic: Bacteraemia

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	bacteraemia - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The term bacteraemia refers to the transient presence of micro-organisms in the blood.
		Bacteraemias are often assymptomatic and they are likely to occur commonly during minor instrumentation or surgical procedures for example endoscopy or dental extraction.
		Bacteraemias should be distinguished from septicaemias, which are frankly symptomatic and involve organisms actually multiplying in the blood stream.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/2140799011.htm (133 words)

	Guidelines
		Bacteraemia occuring in a patient with a susceptible cardiac lesion may lead to infective endocarditis, a potentially fatal disease.
		The significant risk factors associated with bacteraemia were the length of the sclerotherapy needle (16), contamination of the water bottle(15) and the volume of sclerosant used.
		Bacteraemia as a result of contamination of the injection needle catheter which passes through the suction channel of the endoscope is not likely to be eliminated altogether.
	www.esge.com /guideantib.html (3694 words)

	Intensity of bacteraemia associated with conservative dental procedures in children
		Bacteraemia may result from such manipulations; intermittent negative and positive pressure in the gingival vasculature, coupled with undetected gingival damage causing plaque bacteria to be drawn into the blood stream.
		The data on intensity of bacteraemia are novel as are the data on plaque and gingivitis indices.
		The intensity of bacteraemia in colony forming units per millilitre of blood is shown in Table 2.
	www.nature.com /bdj/journal/v188/n2/full/4800399a.html (2754 words)

	The incidence of S. aureus bacteraemia in acute hospitals of the Mid-Western Area, Ireland, 2002-2004
		Bacteraemia is an important indicator of bloodstream infection.
		Overall in the region, the percentage of bacteraemia caused by MRSA was 44% in 2002, 56% in 2003 and 48% in 2004.
		Indeed the attribution of a case of MRSA bacteraemia to a particular healthcare facility is fraught with problems – carriage of MRSA may have preceded admission or infection may already be advanced on admission to one hospital from another facility.
	www.eurosurveillance.org /em/v10n05/1005-225.asp (2119 words)

	European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
		Among patients with cellulitis, the development of bacteraemia is associated with a high risk of adverse outcomes.
		The infection was microbiologically documented in 115 cases (53 bacteraemia, 65 needle aspiration, and 20 surgical sample).
		Factors significantly associated with bacteraemia by univariate analysis were: male sex (55% vs. 42%), age >60 years (77% vs. 56%), presence of multiple comorbidities (25% vs. 14%), duration of symptoms <2 days (54% vs. 33%), hypoalbuminaemia (<30 g/L) (46% vs. 28%), renal insufficiency (creatinine > 150 mmol/L) (25% vs. 6%), and shock (15% vs. 2%).
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /eccmid14/abstract.asp?id=14110 (332 words)

	Bacterial infection risk for older NHL patients - Lymphoma-net.org news
		Adding that at least 50% of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and leukaemia are more than 65 years old, the researchers investigated the outcome of bacteraemia among elderly patients with blood-related cancers, compared with their younger counterparts.
		Analysis revealed that 10% of patients younger than 60 years old died within 7 days of developing bacteraemia, compared with 21% of those aged between 60 and 79 years and 27% of patients aged over 80 years.
		The death rates within 30 days of developing bacteraemia were 23% among patients younger than 60 years, 35% of those aged 60 to 79, and 54% aged over 80 years, report the scientists.
	www.lymphoma-net.org /newshtml/44222.cfm (281 words)

	p021110b - Indwelling catheters and Hemodialysis Ports - Infections
		Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of haemodialysis access-related bacteraemia.
		A further 12 patients had persistent bacteraemia in the absence of a defined focus of infection, the last positive blood culture ranging from 2-19 days (mean 6.6, median 5) after removal of the haemodialysis catheter and commencing appropriate antibiotic treatment.
		RESULTS: The number of S. aureus bacteraemia cases among dialysis patients as a proportion of all cases in Denmark has increased from 5.2 to 14.7% during the study period, but the annual incidence among these patients has been almost stable during the period (median 5.7% (3.2-9.0%)).
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch03/p031110b.html (1261 words)

	Table P41 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A colonized catheter, bacteraemia with the same organism, and the organism not identified at any other site that is a possible source of the bacteraemia.
		A colonized catheter, bacteraemia with the same organism, catheter the most likely source of bacteraemia, although the same organism has been identified and is colonizing another site.
		Bacteraemia, clinical manifestations of sepsis, defervescence after removal of implicated catheter, but no laboratory confirmation of CVC colonization.
	www.manbit.com /PAC/figures/P41.cfm (103 words)

	A quarter of hospital MRSA bacteraemia occurs in new arrivals
		A national surveillance scheme counts MRSA bacteraemia by hospital trust, but it has not yet addressed whether cases of MRSA bacteraemia are arriving in hospitals from the community.
		The proportion of methicillin resistance among patients admitted with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, rose from 14% in 1997 and 1998 to 26% in 2003.
		Despite some study limitations, the authors conclude that, of the cases of MRSA bacteraemia detected in hospital, a quarter occurs in patients who have just arrived from the community, and that this proportion is increasing.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-09/bmj-aqo090805.php (313 words)

	Malawi Medical Journal - Vol. 14, No. 1 (2002)
		Bacteraemia is a recognised complication of severe malaria and may increase mortality.
		We determined 1) the rate and pattern of bacteraemia in children with severe malaria; 2) the impact of bacteraemia on case-fatality rate; and 3) the rate and pattern of bacteraemia in following blood transfusion for severe malarial anaemia.
		The rate of bacteraemia was significantly higher in children with severe malarial anaemia without coma (11.2%) than in children with cerebral malaria without anaemia (3.2%) and this was due to the significant association of NTS bacteraemia with severe malarial anaemia (p<0.001).
	www.ajol.info /viewarticle.php?id=2335 (302 words)

	Estimation of the effect of neutropenia on rates of clinical bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients.
		A retrospective cohort study was conducted to quantitate the relationship between neutropenia and rates of clinical bacteraemia among adults with HIV infection receiving medical care at one institution between 1991-5.
		The unadjusted effect of neutropenia was most evident for bacteraemia due to E. coli (RR 3.4), Klebsiella pneumoniae (RR 16.7), and P. aeruginosa (RR 10.4).
		For bacteraemia due to any of these three organisms (47 episodes), with reference ANC > 1000/microl, relative rates were: 751-1000/microl, 1.12; 501-750/microl, 2.11; 251-500/microl, 13.58; 0-250/microl, 21.89.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1998/jun/M9861576.html (383 words)

	Hidden disease common but preventable
		The authors of this latest study say it provides further support for the immediate introduction of effective vaccines against invasive bacterial infections, which are believed to cause a large proportion of the estimated 4.4m deaths a year among children living in sub-Saharan Africa.
		The results suggest that twice as many children with bacteraemia visit the hospital than was previously estimated.
		During the study – which confirmed that patients may have bacteraemia even though they do not at first appear sick - Dr Brent and his team made follow-up home visits to children who had been treated as out-patients, but who were later found to have the infection.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTX028568.html (539 words)

	HIV Infections and zoonoses
		Salmonellosis usually causes transient diarrhoea, but can also manifest as an asymptomatic bacteraemia, especially in children or when predisposing factors are present.
		Relapse of infection, with recurrent bacteraemia, is a common feature of AIDS patients (Hohmann, 2001).
		Bacteraemia is more common in HIV infected and AIDS affected people, the old, or infants of less than 12 months, and people with underlying disease, suggesting a close correlation between the onset of the disease and the immune status of the patient.
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/y5516e/y5516e05.htm (1150 words)

	CDR Weekly - Bacteraemia Infection Reports
		Proteus spp, Morganella morganii, and Providencia spp bacteraemia, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: 2000 to 2005
		For all species the number of bacteraemia reports was higher in males than in females, and prevalence increased with age - the greatest number of reports related to individuals aged 65 years and over.
		The analyses presented are based on data extracted from our voluntary surveillance database on the 26 th April 2006 for the period 2000-2005.
	www.hpa.org.uk /cdr/pages/bacteraemia.htm (381 words)

	Dental procedures in children with severe congenital heart disease: a theoretical analysis of prophylaxis and ...
		The purpose of this study was to estimate the cumulative exposure to odontogenic bacteraemia over a period of a standardised
		Bacteraemia of dental origin and antimicrobial sensitivity following oral surgical procedures in children.
		Intensity of bacteraemia associated with conservative dental procedures in children.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/85/1/66 (1476 words)

	Anaerobic, non-sporulating, Gram-positive bacilli bacteraemia characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing -- Lau et al. ...
		bacteraemia, in a patient with acute cholangitis, is also reported.
		bacteraemia had underlying diseases, with diseases in the gastrointestinal
		Characteristics of the 16 patients with clinically significant bacteraemia due to anaerobic, non-sporulating, Gram-positive bacilli For all patients, the anaerobic, non-sporulating, Gram-positive bacilli were isolated once from their blood cultures.
	jmm.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/12/1247 (2744 words)

	[No title]
		Definitions of sepsis vary, clinically defined infection is dependant upon interpretation of the evidence whereas bacteraemia is the recovery of bacteria from blood.
		This is therefore a good starting point for exploring the topic of the oral cavity as a source of systemic infection In the late 1970’s it was a observed that occurrence that the bacterial causing bacteraemia of neutropenic patients were often found in the oral cavity and stools.
		There are also indications that bacteraemia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci the may originate from the oral cavity rather than from intravasucular devices.
	www.mascc.org /ktml2/images/uploads/15th_workshop_summaries/Donnelly.doc (426 words)

	ICAAC: Linezolid Significantly Better than Teicoplanin in Patients with Bacteraemia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The percentage of patients with bacteraemia who achieved clinical success with linezolid exceeded 88 percent compared with 57 percent with teicoplanin.
		Overall, linezolid was significantly superior to teicoplanin in combating infections, with a 95.5 percent clinical success rate, compared with 87.6 percent success with teicoplanin.
		In the subgroup of patients with bacteraemia, 23 of 26 linezolid patients achieved a successful outcome, and half of those patients were able to go on to oral treatment.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/21062e.htm (479 words)

	Relation between lymphopenia and bacteraemia in UK adults with medical emergencies -- Wyllie et al. 57 (9): 950 -- ...
		Relation between lymphopenia and bacteraemia in UK adults with medical emergencies -- Wyllie et al.
		The odds of bacteraemia (number of patients with bacteraemia/number without bacteraemia) among the patients whose blood was cultured, stratified by neutrophil and lymphocyte counts.
		A receiver operator characteristic plot is shown, illustrating the ability of admission WCC, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count to predict bacteraemia among all 7182 patients in whom blood cultures were taken.
	jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/57/9/950 (2455 words)

	HSE Mid-Western Area - Health Services - Public Health - Publications/ID Link
		A. The data in the “Report on the Surveillance of S. aureus bacteraemia in the Hospitals of the HSE Mid-Western Area” are based on retrospective analysis of laboratory confirmed reports of S. aureus bacteraemia (bacteria in the bloodstream) in 2002 and 2003.
		As the HSE Mid-Western Area is the only Area to publish data on S. aureus bacteraemia we are unable to compare rates with other regions in the country.
		The MRSA bacteraemia rate (per 1000 bed days) in 2002 in the HSE Mid-Western Area was 0.16, and 0.15 in 2003.
	www.mwhb.ie /healthservices/publichealth/mrsafaqs.htm (950 words)

	KETEK (Telithromycin) highly effective in the treatment of pneumococcal bacteraemia associated with community-acquired ...
		Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2 July 2001 - KETEK (telithromycin), a novel compound from a new class of antibiotics, administered once daily for seven to 10 days, is a highly effective treatment for patients with pneumococcal bacteraemia associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), according to a study reported today at a major scientific meeting.
		The study, presented today at the 22nd International Congress of Chemotherapy (ICC), in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, involved an analysis of data from Phase III studies of KETEK -- the first in a new class of antibiotics called ketolides.
		Bacteraemia occurs in up to 30 percent of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and represents a significant factor for morbidity.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-07/aaft-kh070201.php (719 words)

	s021110b - Indwelling catheters and Hemodialysis Ports - Infections
		Catheter colonization was closely related to the development of bacteraemia and was associated with approximately 10% of colonized catheters.
		Abstract: Seventy-five episodes of bacteraemia or fungaemia related to indwelling temporary intravenous devices were assessed by the Infectious Diseases Unit of The Westmead Centre, to determine the quality of care of these devices.
		The estimated incidence of systemic sepsis was 1% for all central venous catheters inserted and 0.1% for all peripheral venous catheters inserted.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch03/s031110b.html (4194 words)

	Emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia among children in England and Wales, ...
		Emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia among children in England and Wales, 1990-2001 -- Khairulddin et al.
		The increasing proportion of MRSA bacteraemia in children is
		MRSA bacteraemia is different on a neonatal unit compared to a paediatric unit.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/4/378 (865 words)

	Outcome of inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ...
		MRSA bacteraemia were enrolled in the cohort study.
		aureus bacteraemia who received appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (solid line) were compared with 30 matched-control patients who received inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (dotted line).
		Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia diagnosed at hospital admission: distinguishing between community-acquired versus healthcare-associated strains.
	jac.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/2/489 (4186 words)

	Could we treat Bacteraemia In The Critically Ill with a Short-Course Monotherapy Strategy
		However, we are encouraged by the generally satisfactory clinical response, the low rate of breakthrough bacteraemia, the low numbers requiring addition of antibiotics due to clinical deterioration, and the low relapse rate, even in those suffering from septic shock or severe sepsis.
		An Episode of bacteraemia was defined when one or more microorganisms were isolated from one or more blood cultures, and clinical evidence suggested they had arisen from a common source and were part of the same episode.
		Bacteraemia was defined as community-acquired if occurring within 72 hr of hospital admission; as hospital-acquired if occurring within 72 hr of patient admission from the ward to the ICU; and ICU-acquired either when occurring after 72 hr following ICU admission, or sooner if the bacteraemia could be directly sourced to an ICU procedure, e.g.
	www.ispub.com /ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijid/vol3n2/mono.xml (4587 words)

	eMJA: Risk of death from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a meta-analysis
		Mortality rates versus median length of stay in hospital before bacteraemia (LOS) are shown in the Box (next page) for the five studies for which these data were presented by Whitby et al (in Boxes 1 and 2).
		As MRSA bacteraemia is a rare event and published studies are small, the statistical ability to control for confounding and effect modification is limited.
		Mindful that MRSA bacteraemia is associated with increased mortality, regardless of the cause, we hold with our original conclusion that "our findings justify ongoing surveillance and proactive management of MRSA in healthcare facilities".
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/176_04_180202/hur_whi_letter.html (1092 words)

	Nursing Spectrum- Career Fitness Online
		The proportion of methicillin resistance among patients admitted with staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia rose from 14% in 1997 and 1998 to 26% in 2003, according to a BMJ release.
		At least 91% of patients admitted with MRSA bacteraemia had previously been in the hospital; half had never had MRSA detected before; and 70% were admitted to emergency medical and surgical services.
		Concluding that a quarter of cases of MRSA bacteraemia detected in the hospital occurs in patients just arriving from the community and that this proportion is increasing, the authors call for more research into the best way to recognise these patients, according to the release.
	www.nursingspectrum.com /InternationalNursing/News/ITEM.cfm?date=09-20-05.htm (298 words)

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