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Topic: Bacteria spores

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	Method of decontamination of whole structures and articles contaminated by pathogenic spores - Patent 6699433
		In spore-forming bacteria, the spore is protected from environmental extremes of drought and temperature by a coat made of numerous cross-linked proteins (Driks, A. Bacillus subtillis spore coat.
		Bacteria test strips used as a means to confirm the disabling of germination of the pathogenic microbes are placed in multiple locations throughout the structure inclusive of desks and office articles as well as actual structural surfaces of the building itself.
		Spores on all of the 10.sup.6 B. subtilis and all of the 10.sup.5 B. stearothermophilus strips were killed by the MB fumigation indicating that conditions lethal to the bacterial spores were encountered at each of the 20 trailer sites tested.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6699433.html (7444 words)

	Shoppers Drug Mart - Health & Wellness
		Anthrax is an infection that is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis.
		Spores are the form of the bacteria that cause infection.
		Infections in people are caused by contact with the spores through a cut or scratch in the skin (known as cutaneous anthrax), by inhaling the spores (known as inhaled or pulmonary anthrax), or by eating meat that contains the spores (known as intestinal anthrax).
	www.mediresource.com /sdm/sdm/english/disease_detail.asp?disease_id=284 (1157 words)

	Infant Botulism
		These bacteria are typically harmless to older children and adults because their mature digestive systems can move the bacteria through the body before they cause any harm.
		Two other types of botulism tend to affect older children and adults: wound botulism occurs when the bacteria infect a wound and produce the toxin inside of it; food-borne botulism is usually caused by eating home-canned foods that contain the toxin.
		Honey is a proven source of the bacteria and it has led to botulism in infants who ingested it, while some researchers think that light or dark corn syrups that are not sterilized may also harbor the bacteria spores and could lead to cases of botulism.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/infections/bacterial_viral/botulism.html (609 words)

	Topical compositions containing probiotic bacillus bacteria, spores, and extracellular products and uses thereof - ...
		Studies performed with lactic acid-producing bacteria has shown that these bacteria may be either living or dead, due to the fact that the process occurs by adsorption of mutagenic pyrolysates to the carbohydrate polymers present in the bacterial cell wall.
		A probiotic bacteria which is suitable for use in the methods and compositions of the present invention: (i) possesses the ability to produce lactic acid; (ii) demonstrates beneficial function; and (iii) is non-pathogenic.
		By way of example and not of limitation, many suitable bacteria have been identified and are described herein, although it should be noted that the present invention is not to be limited to currently-classified bacterial species insofar as the purposes and objectives as disclosed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6905692.html (15113 words)

	Microbial Spore Formation
		The spore has a hard protective coating that encases the key parts of the bacterium—think of this coating as the sarcophagus that protects a mummy.
		Bacteria in the Bacillus and Clostridium groups are spore-formers.
		Microsporidia spores are usually round, oval or rod-shaped, although many species have elaborately shaped spores that may help hide them from their host immune systems.
	www.microbe.org /microbes/spores.asp (732 words)

	Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacillus Spores, Mediated by Phenothiazinium Dyes -- Demidova and Hamblin 71 (11): 6918 -- ...
		bacteria in vitro and in vivo (16, 18, 19).
		dyes for mediating PDI of bacteria and fungi (52, 57, 58).
		anionic outer membranes of bacteria and fungi (36, 53, 54).
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/11/6918 (4605 words)

	Bacterial life in ancient salt
		For example, the presence of bacteria in remote oil wells has been established, whereas the origin of these bacteria remains unsolved. These may have been trapped during the formation of the oil or have been transported by aquifer activity, or they may have migrated over tens to hundreds of millions of years.
		Bacteria can typically be stored for about one year if dried under vacuum, and for several years at liquid nitrogen temperature (-196°C).
		The presence of viable spores of bacteria in water inclusions in the Permian Salado evaporite, in combination with bacterial decay rates, is incompatible with the age of 250 Ma reported for this evaporite.
	www.answersingenesis.org /tj/v16/i2/life.asp (1407 words)

	Bacteria
		Bacteria are part of a very large group of single-celled organisms.
		There is one group of bacteria that have chlorophyll and use the process of photosynthesis to produce their own food.
		Bacteria that are parasites live inside man, animals, and some plants causing diseases.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0212089/bac.htm (349 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Immortal Bacteria Spores (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In a letter published in the October 2000 issue of the journal _Nature_, scientists announced the finding of a bacteria spore within a brine inclusion in a salt crystal which was dated at 250 million years old or older.
		Spores are resistant structures formed by bacteria that are known to survive for long periods.
		The surface of the amber was sterilized prior to removing the spores to eliminate the possibility of outside contamination.
	fusionanomaly.net /immortalbacteriaspores.html (375 words)

	Introduction to the Bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Bacteria are often maligned as the causes of human and animal disease (like this one, Leptospira, which causes serious disease in livestock).
		However, certain bacteria, the actinomycetes, produce antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin; others live symbiotically in the guts of animals (including humans) or elsewhere in their bodies, or on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form.
		Bacteria are of such immense importance because of their extreme flexibility, capacity for rapid growth and reproduction, and great age - the oldest fossils known, nearly 3.5 billion years old, are fossils of bacteria-like organisms.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /bacteria/bacteria.html (205 words)

	HAMILTON & DISTRICT BUDGERIGAR & CAGE BIRD SOCIETY INC.
		Since yolk sack and navel infections can occur with these bacteria, it is very important to utilize antiseptics and exercise good sanitation of incubators and brooders.
		Spores of bacteria are difficult to destroy because they are resistant to heat and require prolonged exposure to high temperatures to destroy them.
		Bacteria and fungi should not be a problem in an aviary or nursery which follows good hygiene practices.
	www3.sympatico.ca /davehansen/clean.html (3366 words)

	Invasion of Spores of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Gigaspora decipiens by Burkholderia spp. -- Levy et al. 69 ...
		Invasion of Spores of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Gigaspora decipiens by Burkholderia spp.
		Motile, fluorescent bacteria are apparent in the aqueous medium, attached to the external surfaces of the hypha, and internalized within the hypha (C and D).
		Spore germination and viability of a vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus-mosseae.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/10/6250 (3712 words)

	Anthrax detector developed
		Spores of the dreaded Bacillus anthracis have already been used as a bioweapon against the civilian population.
		The similarity of the anthrax spore surface to the spores of other bacteria that commonly occur in humans has been a major problem: previous anthrax antibodies were not sufficiently specific.
		These antibodies were found to bind very specifically to anthrax spores; in contrast, they do not react to bacteria closely related to Bacillus anthracis.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-08/jws-add081606.php (379 words)

	Infant Botulism - DrGreene.com
		Botulism spores are found throughout nature — in soil, in dust, and on the unwashed surfaces of unpeeled fruits and vegetables.
		The spores are present in about 10 percent of the samples of honey tested.
		Normally, swallowing spores is not a problem for healthy adults or older children.
	www.drgreene.com /21_1037.html (755 words)

	Bioburden testing
		Bioburden, aerobic & anaerobic bacteria, spores & fungi ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11737, ISO 11135, EN 1174
		Bioburden, aerobic, anaerobic bacteria & spores ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11737, ISO 11135, EN 1174
		Bioburden, aerobic bacteria & spores ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11737, ISO 11135, EN 1174
	www.nelsonlabs.com /bioburden5.jsp (858 words)

	Immobilized Spores Results \| Immobilized Spores Secrets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The immobilized spores were packed in a column.
		Ficuum was investigated on suspended spores, mycelial pellets, immobilized cells.
		Surface of immobilized spores differ from those displayed on the surfaces of free spores, reiterating.
	www.mold-resources.info /immobilized-spores.html (933 words)

	World Record for...Oldest Living Microbes
		Spores are kind of like plant seeds—a tough protective shell insulates and protects the genes and basic cell parts, which are in an inactive state (that means they aren’t doing anything but just sitting there).
		Spores can even survive blasts of radiation as well as years of going with no water or nutrients.
		Or perhaps the bacteria found in the crystals were microbes that contaminated the lab or the instruments used to drill into the salt.
	www.microbeworld.org /know/oldest.aspx (780 words)

	USATODAY.com - Anthrax pioneer says tracing spores will be tough (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Investigators have said the anthrax spores in the letters sent to the senators' offices were so charged that they tended to jump off microscope slides and fly about the chamber where they were being examined.
		Another anthrax expert, who asked not to be identified, said the characteristics of the spores found in the senators' offices suggest the material was spray-dried.
		This means that the wet spores would have been sprayed into a drying chamber that absorbed the moisture and trapped the dry spores which could then be packaged.
	www.usatoday.com /news/sept11/2001/12/19/anthrax-pioneer.htm (808 words)

	Re: How do botulism spores form?
		The spores are produced when the bacteria changes all of its processes required to grow and divide to those process required to make a spore.
		The simplest answer to the second part of the questions is that the bacteria do not know that they are going to be cooked but they make spores long before they end up in the canning jar.
		For this purpose a common bacteria that is not dangerous, but forms spores has been studied extensively, in an effort to understand how spores form in bacteria.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/jan2000/948151558.Mi.r.html (815 words)

	Patent 6,015,832
		In one embodiment, the bacteria is a gram positive bacteria, i.e., bacteria with dense peptidoglycan walls which readily absorb a purple dye (crystal violet) in a process referred to as Gram's stain.
		In a particularly preferred embodiment, the bacteria or spores are Bacillus anthracis.
		By inactivating bacteria or spores before attachment or colonization, subsequent invasion and dissemination of the infectious pathogen may be prevented.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/011800OG/6015832_antibacterial011800.htm (927 words)

	By Brett Kaufman
		This bacteria is usually found in soil, which can be inactive for thousands of years; however the anthrax bacteria is very difficult to find (Anthrax Rules, 2004).
		The spore is an important stage in the life of this particular bacteria because it remains inactive for thousands of years until their is a change in its natural environment, once their environment has been altered, the spore begins to germinate (The Anthrax Rules, 2004).
		The main reason for this outbreak which was suggested by Dr. Hargreaves, as cited in Anthrax Outbreak, 2004, was due to the anthrax spore's ability to live in dry soil for decades and since the outbreak happened during the driest months of the year, the animals were trying to find vegetation in the soil.
	www.lhup.edu /smarvel/Seminar/FALL_2004/Kaufman_2/anthrax.htm (1982 words)

	Anthrax - Common Questions
		Just because a person comes into contact with anthrax spores does not mean that he or she will develop the infection.
		The spores have to be a certain size and enter the body in large numbers(up to 50,000) in order to cause an infection.
		Also, certain groups of people who work where anthrax bacteria spores were found may need to take antibiotics.
	www.drpaul.com /illnesses/anthrax.html (991 words)

	Oldest Microbes
		Spores are kind of like plant seeds—a tough protective shell insulates and protects the genes and basic cell parts, which are in an inactive state (that means they aren’t doing anything but just sitting there).
		Spores can even survive blasts of radiation as well as years of going with no water or nutrients.
		Or perhaps the bacteria found in the crystals were microbes that contaminated the lab or the instruments used to drill into the salt.
	www.microbe.org /microbes/oldest.asp (776 words)

	CIGNA - Anthrax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Anthrax is confirmed when the bacteria are identified from a culture and sensitivity test of your blood, spinal fluid, skin sores, or respiratory secretions.
		Health professionals diagnose anthrax when Bacillus anthracis bacteria are identified from a culture and sensitivity test of the blood, spinal fluid, skin sores, or respiratory fluids.
		If the strain of bacteria is found to be susceptible to penicillin, children who might have been exposed to anthrax spores should be switched from doxycycline or ciprofloxacin to amoxicillin to prevent infection.
	www.cigna.com /healthinfo/ty6357.html (2869 words)

	Howstuffworks "What causes the smell after rain?"
		The bacteria is extremely common and can be found in areas all over the world, which accounts for the universality of this sweet "after-the-rain" smell.
		Since the bacteria thrives in moist soil but releases the spores once the soil dries out, the smell is most acute after a rain that follows a dry spell, although you'll notice it to some degree after most rainstorms.
		This scent is like the bacteria spores in that most people consider it a pleasant, fresh smell.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question479.htm (531 words)

	Mold, dust mites, fungi, spores, and pollen: Bioaerosols in the human environment
		When molds, mildew, dust mites, and bacteria are disrupted or release their spores into the air, this results in bioaerosol formation.
		As soon as spores settle in an area with the right conditions for growth, they establish colonies, which are often visible to the naked eye.
		Protozoa, amoebas, and strains of bacteria have been found in humidifiers, and these are readily released into the air with the moisture produced by humidifiers.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/fcs/housing/pubs/fcs3605.html (1794 words)

	Bacteria Kingdom
		Scientists are worried that bacteria could be carried to and from the plants by space travel.
		These spores are resting stages when normal life almost comes to a stop.
		Bacteria are killed instantly by strong heat, sunlight and some poisons.
	www.zephyrus.co.uk /bacteriakingdom.html (273 words)

	Philippine Post Magazine: Anthrax Q&A
		The bacteria live in and on infected animals, and in the soil.
		Spores work their way deep into the lungs, and are picked up by immune cells that carry them to lymph nodes, where they multiply and release poisons that cause hemorrhaging and other problems.
		Not all spores can set up an infection; they have to be small enough to work their way deep into the lungs.
	www.philpost.com /1001pages/anthrax1001.html (1232 words)

	Combination bacteriolytic therapy for the treatment of experimental tumors -- Dang et al. 98 (26): 15155 -- Proceedings ...
		Spores of Clostridium novyi strains were generated by growing the organisms anaerobically at 37°C, pH 7.4 in a medium containing
		From previous studies it was clear that species of anaerobic bacteria could grow within the hypoxic regions of tumors.
		Bacteria were heat treated to induce loss of the phage and inoculated
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/26/15155 (4139 words)

	Spores (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A spore is a reproductive cell produced by plants (fungi, moss, ferns) and some protozoa and bacteria.
		Bacterial spores have thick walls and are very resistant to high temperatures, humidity, and other unfavorable conditions.
		Sterilization destroys spores as well as bacteria, and requires high temperatures and high pressures.
	www.humed.com /humc_ency/ency/article/002307.htm (164 words)

	IAQ - NATIONAL LIBRARY reduces in 80% MOLD, BACTERIA AND SPORES. See Tests
		The main objective of this study is to verify the Air Sterilizer effectiveness in reducing the level of airborne bacteria and fungi in closed working rooms.
		Both to fungi and bacteria results were expressed in u.f.c.
		Observing both Charts it is verified that the Air Sterilizers reduced the ufc/100 l of air, either to bacteria or to fungi although the bacteria reduction was higher.
	www.airfree.com /testes_bn.htm (438 words)

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