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Topic: Bacterial mat

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	Thesis Abstract, Chris Grant, California State University Long Beach Geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Filamentous mats, composed primarily of Beggiatoa spp., occupy the anaerobic basin floor where dissolved oxygen in bottom water is low (approximately 0.1 ml/L), preventing the inhabitation of grazing macrofauna.
		Mat textures of the anaerobic zone grade laterally into an infaunal, variably burrowed environment of the dysaerobic zone where they are no longer observed in bottom-water photographs.
		Mats typically contain pelagic and hemipelagic material composed of detrital silts and clays, abundant diatom frustules, amorphous organic matter of probable algal origin, sponge spicules, foraminifer tests, and possibly minor amounts of algal or fungal debris.
	seis.natsci.csulb.edu /deptweb/theses/danthesis/grantthesis.html (1640 words)

	Saline Systems \| Full text \| A physico-chemical survey of inland lakes and saline ponds: Christmas Island (Kiritimati) ...
		Sharp chromatic stratification in mats was common with regions of mineral precipitate often forming between layers (Figure 8), and lake 128 possessed a unique pink bacterial sequence with an overlying 10 cm thick halite pavement.
		Mat layers were generally underlain by white-pink carbonate, gypsum or halite precipitate, and varied from very fine clay/silt sized particles to coarse sands, and platy aggregates of mineral, coral or shell rubble.
		Previous mat layers were incorporated throughout sediments underlying the upper bacterial mat, and occurred as red, green or brown sub-millimeter laminations (Figure 9).
	www.salinesystems.org /content/2/1/8 (5785 words)

	Pescadero Conservation Alliance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Growth of the mat persists as long as there is a supply of reduced (ferrous) iron and dissolved organic carbon.
		Interestingly, reduced iron may also be supplied by a bacterial process, iron reduction, associated with organic-rich layers in the sedimentary rocks of the Gazos Creek watershed.
		The bacterial mat is somewhat self-sustaining; while it is growing, the mat also consumes oxygen and therefore increases the extent of the oxic/anoxic interface, creating more habitat for itself.
	www.gazos.org /ScienceAndEducation/Bacteria2.html (877 words)

	DNA testing identifies suspect bacteria in coral reef disease
		One of the most destructive and widespread of the coral diseases, fl band disease is characterized by a ring-shaped bacterial mat that rapidly migrates across a coral colony, leaving dead tissue and bare coral skeleton in its wake.
		In earlier work, Fouke and his colleagues showed that the bacteria inhabiting the fl-band disease microbial mat were different from those found either in healthy coral tissue or in the overlaying seawater.
		"Results from 57 sequences taken from 12 different bacterial mats show that, except in one case, a unique sequence was obtained from all infected coral species and in all locations," Fouke said.
	www.news.uiuc.edu /scitips/02/0521coralreef.html (736 words)

	January 13 Dive Log
		White bacterial mats also were around the area.
		returned to the bacterial mat that was discovered earlier in the dive.
		Located the bacterial mat at 2433X, 828Y which was adjacent to a large chimney with venting water.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /deepsea/dailynews/dive/day/13.html (374 words)

	Bacterial Community Associated with Black Band Disease in Corals -- Frias-Lopez et al. 70 (10): 5955 -- Applied and ...
		mat is dominated by a cyanobacterium, the quantitative composition
		affect the composition of the infectious bacterial mat.
		Identification of the predominant bacteria in the BBD mat.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/10/5955 (4596 words)

	DISCUSSION
		Shipboard scientists (Bralower, Premoli Silva, Malone, et al., 2002) argued that deposition as microbial mats in highly disoxic or anoxic conditions were needed to explain the nature of the bacterial organic matter, the anomalously high percentage of organic matter, and the overall excellent preservation of the organic compounds.
		No evidence for current reworking of cohesive mats (e.g., roll-up structures of Simonson and Carney, 1999) was observed in the cores, but given the bathyal depth at which these sediments accumulated, this is not surprising.
		Finally, the wispy textures may be fundamentally inherent to mat environments rather than a grazing or pelletal phenomenon, in that such structures are even reported in Archaean carbonaceous cherts where bioturbation and pelletization are not options for their formation (Walsh and Lowe, 1999).
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/198_SR/109/109_5.htm (3073 words)

	Bruce W. Fouke
		Travertine isotope compositions indicate bacterial influence during travertine deposition that increases in magnitude from the high (73oC) to the low (<25oC) temperature portions of the spring outflow.
		Bacterial 16S rRNA screening has revealed 657 unique bacterial rDNA types representing 21 divisions, which exhibit a remarkable 85% partitioning along the spring outflow.
		Clone libraries from the BBD bacterial mat, which rapidly migrates across and kills the coral tissue, were comprised of eight bacterial divisions and 13% unknowns.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /micro/faculty/faculty_fouke.htm (821 words)

	In Search of Diversity :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		Today, about 80 different bacterial divisions have been identified and we believe that as we continue to explore new environments the number of major divisions is going to increase.
		The surface of the Guaymas sediments is composed of a bacterial mat of filamentous Beggiatoa.
		And while the bacterial diversity only covers roughly a quarter to an eighth of the total diversity in the bacterial domain, almost all known kinds of eukaryotes are found in this setting.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article1608.html (1870 words)

	Bacterial mat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A bacterial mat is a layer of bacteria that may form in environments where other organisms are unable to thrive (e.g.
		In many cases, such a layer is not described as a "mat" until it becomes sufficiently thick to be visible to the naked eye.
		Image of a Bacterial Mat by Jonathan Stott.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Bacterial_mat (95 words)

	Levin Seeps
		Samples were collected from three different environments: seep areas covered by clambeds, by bacterial mats, and non-seep areas.
		Levin's group found that the flux of methane and concentration of sulfides in the bacterial mat sites was much higher than in the clambed sites, providing a strong basis for understanding their different ecologies.
		A complex of dorvilleid polychaete species (segmented worms) exhibited clear preference for bacterial mat sediments having exceptionally high sulfide concentrations.
	www.westnurc.uaf.edu /levinseeps.html (499 words)

	USGS Spectroscopy Lab - Clark et. al. 2003 Spectral Library splib05a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The average reflectance spectrum of a thermophilic bacterial mat at Octopus Spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
		Thirty spectra of the mat were measured in the field using a field spectrometer.
		In addition to the overall orange coloration of the mat, streaks of green and white filaments were present.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/2003/ofr-03-395/DESCRIPT/V/bacterial-mat_ynp-b1.html (166 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: bacterial mat at Blake Ridge Diapir (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although usually hidden, bacteria can be easily observed when found in large aggregations like this bacterial mat seen at the Blake Ridge diapir.
		Scientists typically focus on these mats when attempting to better understand the microbial processes in a new environment.
		The two red dots near the center of the image are laser pointers from the sub used to measure the size of a targeted object.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov.cob-web.org:8888 /explorations/03windows/logs/jul29/media/bacterial_mat.html (103 words)

	plaque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A bacterial mat that forms on the tooth surface.
		Mechanical means-Use of the toothbrush and dental floss to decrease the bacterial load and may aid in controlling dental caries.
		However, it is difficult to have a patient remove all dental plaque and this is a non-specific approach.
	www.uic.edu /classes/peri/peri343/carprevInhib02/plaque.htm (87 words)

	Partitioning of Bacterial Communities between Seawater and Healthy, Black Band Diseased, and Dead Coral Surfaces -- ...
		of the microbes inhabiting the BBD microbial mats.
		by one of the unknown bacterial sequences in the BBD mat clone
		Bacterial populations and adaptations in the mucus layers on living corals.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/5/2214 (5302 words)

	Microbolites
		Although preservation of recognizable bacterial mats within ancient stromatolites is fairly rare, there are cases in which stromatolites were diagenetically replaced by silica very early on, resulting in the exquisite preservation of bacterial mats consisting of coccoidal or densely interwoven filamentous cyanobacteria, allowing the species composition,
		Due to phototaxis, the tufts of erect filaments are initial accretions of this mat.
		Each lamina of the mat consists alternatively of a light layer (sediment layer) and a dark layer (a purely organic layer).
	www.geocities.com /earthhistory/newstrom.htm (6576 words)

	Florida Karst Bacteria Collection Project (February 2002)
		On a cave diving trip to Florida in December 2001, she and Keith Meverden noticed two different bacterial mats, stratified water layers, and other interesting sediment depositions.
		Over a beer one night in Madison, she was discussing her finds with Dr. Sue Welch of the lab, and Sue was interesting in further investigating the finds.
		We went to Peacock Springs Recreation Area and dove from Waterhole III to the Peanut Tunnel, exiting at Peacock I. We took a quick sample from a bacterial mat and shot some photographs.
	homepages.cae.wisc.edu /~brodskye/diving/florida/florida.html (805 words)

	Palaeos Eubacteria: Thermotogales
		Taken to its logical extreme, one may imagine a stromatolite, bacterial mat or biofilm of the deep Proterozoic, in which cells are essentially empty husks, while various genes migrate between them, sorting themselves out into functional communities by natural selection.
		Thus bacteria in these environments are normally found in tightly bound bacterial mats.
		What's interesting is that these mats experience both horizontal and vertical gradients of important environmental variables.
	www.palaeos.com /Kingdoms/Prokaryotes/Thermotogales.htm (1791 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A dense, anaerobic (without oxygen) bacterial mat grows eventually plugging soils especially in cold, wet climates.
		Then at the surface of the bacterial mat where oxygen is present the real decomposition occurs.
		Effluent is 95%+ treated, bacterial load reduced by 1,000 - 1,000,000 - fold, its odorless, and no longer supports bacterial growth so your field life is dramatically extended.
	www.wetlandspacific.com /nayadic_files/qaseptic.htm (1534 words)

	Evolution and the origin of life
		They are more similar to eukaryotes than to bacteria in several ways: their cell-wall does not contain peptidoglycan (a component of each bacterial cell).
		When such a bacterial mat was covered by mud or sand, light could no longer penetrate and the organisms died.
		A new mat could form on top of this, and the fossilized buildup of millions of layers resulted in the formation of Stromatolites, which can be seen to this day.
	www.bacteriamuseum.org /niches/evolution/evolution.shtml (787 words)

	Fermented and vegetables. A global perspective. Chapter 5.
		There are several bacterial families present in foods, the majority of which are concerned with food spoilage.
		It is the lactobacilli, which seem to have a greater ability than the cocci to break down cabbage tissues, which are responsible for the softening.
		One of the problems encountered with this method is that of how to add more liquid to the barrel without disturbing the floating bacterial mat.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x0560e/x0560e10.htm (5720 words)

	Biological and Oceanographic Studies
		The EPA Region 10 Dive Team assisted the Skokomish Tribe in the investigation of a bacterial mat found in Hood Canal in the Summer of 2006.
		Diver survey objectives were to: 1) describe the physical nature of the bottom, and 2) sample visible areas of the bacterial mat.
		Divers found the bacterial mat to have dissipated relative to reports of a thick mat.
	yosemite.epa.gov /R10/OEA.NSF/b724ca698f6054798825705700693650/e5f8f02cce3f97d28825717a0067cbb2!OpenDocument (2017 words)

	PHY's VENTS & SEEPS Page
		The bacterial are using sulfide and methane gases for energy.
		Calyptogena (or Vesycomya) spp, a clam with bacterial symbionts in its gills.
		From Oregon, Lamellibrachia barhami, a gutless vestimentiferan tubeworm with bacterial symbionts in its trophosome (an organ that replaces the gut).
	people.whitman.edu /~yancey/califseeps.html (1490 words)

	Results
		Anoxic photosynthesis and N2 fixation by a microbial mat community in a Bahamian hypersaline lagoon.
		Ubiquity of heterotrophic diazotrophs in marine microbial mats.
		Cyanobacterial-bacterial mat consortia: Examining the functional unit of microbial survival and growth in extreme environments.
	www.unc.edu /ims/paerllab/sansalmo/results.htm (422 words)

	Quorum-sensing regulation governs bacterial adhesion, biofilm development, and host colonization in Pantoea stewartii ...
		AHL counteracts the mutant adhesion phenotype of strain ESN51.
		The bacterial inoculum was precultured in AB minimal medium
		of bacterial dissemination was measured with a ruler.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/103/15/5983 (4060 words)

	From the Cover: Multiple archaeal groups mediate methane oxidation in anoxic cold seep sediments -- Orphan et al. 99 ...
		The hybridization mixtures on the slides were covered with a coverslip and incubated for 1.5 h at 46°C in a premoistened chamber.
		Instead, clusters of an unidentified Bacteria (in red), hybridizing with the general bacterial probe labeled with Cy-3, were associated with the archaeal ANME-2 cells (stained in green).
		and sulfate-reducing bacterial biomass was reportedly caused by
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/11/7663 (4800 words)

	Hidden Ecologies » Blog Archive » A Second DNA Barcode Sample Set
		In my sample of the mats, I found there were distinct green areas and orange areas.
		The orange mat areas turned out to be very slim and long tangles, possibly a warm-water protobacterium.
		I spotted a 100-microliter sample of the green Cyanobacterial community onto the left-circle of a Whatman FTA MiniCard and a 100-microliner sample of the orange bacterial mat on the right-circle.
	arch.ced.berkeley.edu /kap2/php/Hidden_Ecologies/?p=65 (901 words)

	California Academy of Sciences - Natural History
		To provide a sense of scale, the grey line on the left hand side of the picture above is a walkway, with the people appearing on the path as tiny dots that are barely visible.
		This vast bacterial mat is found in regions around hot springs such as the Grand Prismatic Springs.
		There are more bacteria alive in one inch of this bacterial mat than there are humans in existence.
	www.calacademy.org /ccount/click.php?id=36 (1599 words)

	Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria -- Yurkov and Beatty 62 (3): 695 -- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
		The aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a relatively recently discovered bacterial group.
		and the bacterial mat consisted mainly of a dark green layer of
		The strains isolated from freshwater cyanobacterial mats in Russia are obligately freshwater species.
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/62/3/695 (8047 words)

	Zeroing In On Mystery Disease Destroying Coral Reefs
		Using molecular microbiology techniques, scientists are a significant step closer to understanding and identifying the deadly microbes responsible for the mysterious fl band disease that is destroying the world's coral reef ecosystems.
		By sequencing the entire 16S rRNA gene -- a genetic fingerprint found in all living organisms -- geologist Bruce Fouke and postdoctoral microbiologist researchers Jorge Frias-Lopez and George Bonheyo at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have now identified the main bacteria associated with the fl band bacterial mat causing the disease.
		Frias-Lopez is presenting the team's findings at a meeting of the American Society for Microbiology being held in Salt Lake City May 19-23.
	unisci.com /stories/20022/0522025.htm (731 words)

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