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	Significant Events Of The Last 125 Years
		Robert Koch publishes a paper on his work with anthrax, pointing explicitly to a bacterium as the cause of this disease.
		Koch publishes his Methods for the Study of Pathogenic Organisms in which he describes his success with solidified culture media.
		Koch systematically investigated the efficacy of chemical disinfectants demonstrating that carbolic acid used by Lister in aseptic surgery was merely bacteriostatic and not bactericidal.
	www.asm.org /MemberShip/index.asp?bid=16731 (1420 words)

	Robert Koch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Koch was born in Clausthal, Germany as the son of a mining official.
		Koch identified the vibrio bacterium that caused cholera, though he never managed to prove it in experiments.
		Koch was unaware of Pacini's work and made an independent discovery, and his greater preeminence allowed the discovery to be widely spread for the benefit of others.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Koch (652 words)

	Robert Koch
		He became famous for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus (1882) and the cholera bacillus (1883) and for his development of Koch's postulates.
		Robert Koch was born in Clausthal[?], Germany as the son of a mining official.
		But after his success the quality of his own research declined (especially with the fiasco over his ineffective TB cure 'tuberculin'), although his pupils using his methods found the organisms responsible for diphtheria, typhoid, pneumonia, gonorrhoea, cerebrospinal meningitis, leprosy, bubonic plague, tetanus, and syphilis among others.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ro/Robert_Koch.html (492 words)

	Bacterium
		A bacterium (plural: bacteria) is a single celled organism belonging to the domain bacteria, in the three domain scheme.
		The word bacterium was coined by the German microbiologist C.G. Ehrenberg in 1828.
		Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) and Robert Koch (1843-1910) described the role of bacteria as the conveyors and cause of disease (more at pathogen).
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/b/ba/bacterium.html (1704 words)

	HistoryWired: A few of our favorite things
		Born Heinrich Hermann on December 11, 1843, in Clausthal, Germany, Robert Koch is one of the founders of the science of bacteriology, discovering the tubercle bacillus in 1882 and the cholera bacillus in 1883.
		Koch's work with the tubercle bacillus was momentarily interrupted by the appearance of cholera in Egypt.
		For fear of cholera transmission to the European mainland, Koch was sent to Egypt to investigate the disease as a member of Germany's government commission.
	historywired.si.edu /detail.cfm?ID=41 (822 words)

	robert koch
		Koch’s main contribution was to the field of bacteriology where he did more to advance the world’s understanding of microbes as causes of disease than any other scientist (with perhaps the exception of Louis Pasteur).
		Koch is awarded the Grand Cross of the Red Eagle by the German Emperor and given the freedom of Berlin.
		Koch realises that the basis for the ‘cure’, an extract of the tubercle bacterium he calls tuberculin, is not a remedy at all.
	www.iah.bbsrc.ac.uk /schools/scientists/KOCH.htm (1159 words)

	Koch
		Robert Koch, another pioneer in the fields of bacteriology and microbiology, was as instrumental as Pasteur in confirming the germ theory of disease.
		Here, Koch differentiates between six types of bacterial infections, identifies their specific characteristics, maintains the distinct infections through several generations, and displays the role of bacteria in causing wound infections.
		Koch eventually held posts at such institutions as the Imperial Health Department, the University of Berlin, and the Institute for Infectious Diseases.
	www.uab.edu /reynolds/MajMedFigs/Koch.htm (474 words)

	Koch, Robert
		Koch and his assistants devised the techniques for culturing bacteria outside the body, and formulated the rules for showing whether or not a bacterium is the cause of a disease.
		Koch was a great teacher, and many of his pupils, such as Kitasato, Ehrlich, and Behring, became outstanding scientists.
		Koch also showed that rats are vectors of bubonic plague and that sleeping sickness is transmitted by the tsetse fly.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/k/Koch/1.html (238 words)

	Jack's "Bugs in the News" - What the Heck is Anthrax?
		Anthrax is the disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
		This bacterium lives in the soil and is a naturally occurring soil microorganism in many regions of the world.
		Koch's potulates are a series of inter-relationships that can be used to establish that a suspected microorganism is in fact the cause of a particular infectious disease.
	people.ku.edu /~jbrown/anthrax.htm (1484 words)

	Discovery Timeline
		Robert Koch puts forth a set of postulates, or standards of proof, involving the tubercle bacillus.
		Koch was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1905.
		Martinus Beijerinck uses enrichment culture, minus nitrogenous compounds, to obtain a pure culture of the root nodule bacterium Rhizobium, demonstrating that enrichment culture creates the conditions for optimal growth of a desired bacterium.
	www.microbeworld.org /microbes/timeline1.aspx (419 words)

	Robert Koch
		Robert Koch is generally considered to be one of the two founders of modern bacteriology.
		Koch announced that he had isolated, and grown, the tubercle bacillus to the Physiological Society of Berlin on 24 Mach 1882.
		Koch investigated the effect an injection of dead bacilli would have on a person who subsequently received a dose of living ones.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /b.gardner/Koch.htm (1053 words)

	Tuberculosis
		Koch's lecture, considered by many to be the most important in medical history, was so innovative, inspirational and thorough that it set the stage for the scientific procedures of the twentieth century.
		Koch showed tissue dissections from guinea pigs which were infected with tuberculous material from the lungs of infected apes, from the brains and lungs of humans who had died from blood-borne tuberculosis, from the cheesy masses in lungs of chronically infected patients and from the abdominal cavities of cattle infected with TB.
		Even after the identification of the TB bacterium and the establishment of tuberculosis as an infectious disease, the standard medical therapy for decades to come was based on rest, the sanatorium, and a good climate with lots of fresh cold air.
	nobelprize.org /educational_games/medicine/tuberculosis/readmore.html (1386 words)

	Anthrax
		The spore allows the anthrax bacterium to remain in a dormant state for years protected against the environment and to become reactivated when transferred to a favorable growth medium, such as a human or animal.
		Koch grew the bacilli for several generations in these pure cultures and showed that, although they had had no contact with any kind of animal, they could stil1 cause anthrax.
		Koch isolated the bacterium in 1877 and recovered it from experimentally infected animals.
	fig.cox.miami.edu /~cmallery/150/anthrax/anthrax_main.htm (4229 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for anthrax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It is caused by a bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) that primarily affects sheep, horses, hogs, cattle, and goats and is almost always fatal in animals.
		Some bacterium in the genus cause disease, for example B. anthracis is the cause of anthrax ; others are useful in the production of antibiotics (e.g., gramicidin and bacitracin).
		Koch, Robert KOCH, ROBERT [Koch, Robert], 1843-1910, German bacteriologist.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/00575.html (678 words)

	Georg Theodor August Gaffky (www.whonamedit.com)
		.As unassuming as Koch was in other respects, however willingly he accepted the priority of others to a discovery, however generously he advised his assistants in science, the bacterium causing tuberculosis he wanted to find all alone.
		But Eberth and Koch had been able to discern the bacillus in no more than half the cases of typhoid fever in which they had made their examinations.
		On the commission’s return, Koch reported the identification of the cholera bacillus and described the ways in which the infection was transmitted.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/3091.html (1730 words)

	The My Hero Project - Robert Kochrobert_koch
		Koch announced that he had found a microbe that was the cause of "White Death," a disease responsible for one-seventh of all deaths in Europe in the late part of the 1800's.
		Koch could not reproduce Cholera in animals so his rules had to be modified.
		Koch was so devoted to proving his ideas that he was willing to infect himself with cholera in order to try to get to the bottom of the disease.
	myhero.com /myhero/heroprint.asp?hero=robert_koch (516 words)

	Koch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Robert Koch was a German physician famous for his study of bacteriums.
		Koch worked with a French research team in Alexandria, Egypt, and identified the bacterium responsible for cholera.
		He was awarded a Nobel Prize, for Koch's postulates, which say that to establish that an organism is the cause of a disease,
	iweb.tntech.edu /pcampana/koch.htm (232 words)

	Chapter 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Koch, one of thirteen children of a mining engineer, was born in 1843 in the German town of Klausthal.
		Thus Koch was able to identify for the first time the organisms responsible for the common forms of septicemia, gangrene, abscess, and erysipelas.
		Koch was one of the pallbearers and laid wreaths on the coffin.
	www.stevenlehrer.com /explorers/chapter_6.htm (7980 words)

	Koch Postulates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Extract: Gallo agrees that HIV does not meet the requirements of Koch's postulates, the rules framed by the German bacteriologist Robert Koch a century ago to pin down the cause of a disease.
		Koch only suggested that if possible, a suspected cause has to be found in every case of the disease, and then, when taken out and injected into a healthy animal, produce the disease again.
		“Koch's first postulate, of course, demands that a truly harmful virus be found in huge quantities in every single patient.
	www.think-fitness.de /html/koch_postulates.html (407 words)

	Wales Science Year \| events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		However, it was one of the diseases that Robert Koch studied in the 19th Century.
		Robert Koch was born in Germany and qualified as a doctor of medicine.
		Koch was the first to set out the steps and procedures needed to prove that a specific bacterium caused a specific infectious disease and also to recognise that some people can be infected with a bacterium without showing signs of the disease but can still spread the disease to others.
	www.tquest.org.uk /walesscienceyear/activ_robert.htm (299 words)

	It’s the virus, stupid \| NAPWA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Koch was a precocious and inquisitive child (he taught himself to read and write at a young age by studying newspapers) and quickly developed a life-long interest in biology and travel.
		Koch isolated the bacterium which causes TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in 1882, and a year later he found the cholera bacterium, Vibrio cholerae.
		In 1905, Koch won the Nobel prize for medicine for his work on tuberculosis and for outlining a set of rules, called Koch’s postulates, which must be satisfied before it can be accepted that a particular micro-organism (such as a bacterium or virus) causes a particular disease.
	www.napwa.org.au /index.php?q=node/395 (1621 words)

	EPOB 3400 Microbiology Lecture 3
		Koch was a country doctor who was given a microscope by his wife.
		Koch's postulates are a set of rules to prove that a specific organism causes a specific disease...........
		Koch's lab was also the birth place of pure culture microbiology, especially after Fannie Hesse discovered that agar could be used as a solidifying agent for bacteriological media in 1882.
	spot.colorado.edu /~schmidts/Teaching/EPOB3400/micro3.html (1245 words)

	Significant Events Of The Last 125 Years
		Koch systematically investigated the efficacy of chemical disinfectants demonstrating that carbolic acid used by Lister in aseptic surgery was merely bacteriostatic and not bactericidal.
		The bacterium is isolated from fluid leaking from a syphylitic chancre and is spiral in appearance.
		They use Koch’s postulates to show that scarlet fever is caused by streptocoocci, recover the bacteria from all cases of the disease and infect others with cultures of the bacterium.
	dwb.unl.edu /Teacher/NSF/C10/C10Links/www.asmusa.org/mbrsrc/archive/SIGNIFICANT.htm (12259 words)

	Experiment 5: Koch’s postulates and experimental evidence
		Robert Koch, to demonstrate for the first time in 1875 that a specific type of bacterium was responsible for a specific disease.
		Koch had been studying anthrax disease in sheep, and he noticed that certain rod-shaped bacteria and their spores were characteristically found in the tissues of the sick livestock.
		Design an experiment based on Koch’s postulates to identify the microbe that is responsible for the disease.
	www.plantpath.wisc.edu /fac/joh/Exp5KochStudentGuide.htm (1025 words)

	Cholera
		First isolated, cultured, and characterized by Robert Koch in Germany in 1883, the organism is a comma-shaped, flagellated, gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio cholerae.
		In fact, it was Koch’s work on cholera the led the way to firmly establishing the germ theory of disease, and helped convince the medical community as to the microbial nature of this devastating clinical condition.
		Besides the fact that extensive clinical research repeatedly failed to identify human carrier states as the source, the bacterium did not form spores, so a resting stage could not be demonstrated in the estuarian environment.
	www.medicalecology.org /water/cholera/cholera.htm (2731 words)

	Koch's postulates
		Robert Koch was a German physician who carried out his work at a time (late 1800s) when the germ theory of disease was just gaining acceptance.
		He was able to isolate the bacterium, grow it in pure culture, and demonstrate that it was capable of inducing the anthrax disease in healthy animals.
		In other words, he was able to demonstrate the cause-and-effect relationship between a specific bacterium and anthrax, the disease it caused.
	www.agron.iastate.edu /plantscience/Kochs_postulates.htm (862 words)

	BAC Definitions
		Robert Koch first defined pathogenicity in 1890 [1], when he formulated his postulates about disease-causing micro-organisms (see Figure 1).
		The bacterium must be present in every disease case.
		The bacterium must be isolated from the disease case and grown in pure culture.
	www.jenner.ac.uk /BacBix3/BACdef.htm (1682 words)

	Navigation 03
		The internal volume of such a bacterium is filled with a cytoplasm containing a high concentration of macromolecules together with small solutes which confer to it a high osmotic pressure relative to the environment of the cell.
		While the shape of a bacterium is determined by the structure of the peptidoglycan network, it is maintained by the turgor pressure, p, i.e.
		Thus, we showed that measurements of the rigidity of a bacterium by AFM techniques enables one the determination of the bacterial turgor pressure.
	users.physik.tu-muenchen.de /aboulbit/Micromecanics.html (1097 words)

	template.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Robert Koch discovered the bacterium that causes TB in 1882.
		The bacterium is surrounded by a waxy cell wall that causes it to absorb stains differently.
		Koch, however, did manage to develop a stain that allowed the bacteria to be seen under the microscope.
	www.wou.edu /las/natsci_math/biology/boomer/Bio440/emerging2002/benek/Benek.html (2233 words)

	[No title]
		multocida is a bacterium commonly found in the nose and throat of healthy domestic animals; scientists estimate that two-thirds of all dogs and 90 percent of all cats carry it.
		Koch's co-authors on the review article are Christopher L. Mabee and Jamie A. Robyn, clinical instructors in internal medicine; Susan L. Koletar, an associate professor of internal medicine; and Earl N. Metz, professor of internal medicine, all from Ohio State.
		Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis has an overall mortality rate of 30 to 40 percent; in fact, 7 of the 13 patients reviewed in the study died of complications of peritonitis.
	researchnews.osu.edu /archive/cat.htm (600 words)

	Bacillus
		Presumably, the bacterium can be isolated from soil around the hives of infected bees, but it has not been isolated from other sources.
		This bacterium is dealt with separately in the medical section of the text at Bacillus cereus and Food Poisoning.
		This bacterium is the "E. coli" of Gram-positive bacteria.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /Bacillus.html (5350 words)

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