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Hispania Baetica

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	Hispania Baetica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Roman province of Hispania Baetica, 120 CE In Hispania, which in Greek is called Iberia, there were three Imperial Roman provinces, Hispania Baetica in the south, Lusitania, corresponding to modern Portugal, in the west, and Hispania Tarraconensis in the north and northeast.
		Baetica was renamed by the Moors in the 8th century, and their name "Andalucia"—"land of the Vandals" is just one of the possible etymologies—has remained.
		Baetica was rich and utterly Romanized, facts that the emperor Vespasian was rewarding when he granted the ius latii minor that extended the rights pertaining to Roman citizenship (latinitas) to the inhabitants of Hispania, an honor that secured the loyalty of the Baetian elite and its middle class.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hispania_Baetica (910 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Haley, Baetica Felix
		The spread of Roman-style rural settlement in Baetica during the early Principate is a physical manifestation of the generalized growth that the Roman economy experienced from c.
		This book's concern is with wealth and income and their distribution: from this perspective, the ”middle stratum” in Baetica ought to encompass both the freeborn and ex-slaves, and refer indiscriminately to individuals with property ranging in value from 5,000 to 200,000 sesterces.
		The picture of the socioeconomic structure of Baetica's population in the earlier Principate that emerges in this study is thus at considerable variance with contemporary estimations of the makeup of the population in the Roman Empire as a whole.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exhalbae.html (3160 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.03.50
		Baetica, of course, was not alone in expressing its gratitude towards Augustus: other provinces and peoples incorporated into the empire through military campaigns or administrative reforms of the first Princeps are also represented on the Forum Augustum with statues and their tituli.
		He approaches the problem on a regional and empire-wide level, since conferring municipal and colonial status on the oppida of Baetica advanced its economic growth, growth that was due, not least to the extraordinary financial demands burdened on the local elite.
		Baetica's oil is said not to have constituted part of the tribute, which was paid in coin since the days of Vespasian (p.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-03-50.html (2080 words)

	Ila Varta the homeland of Illyrians
		Olvera or Lepe di Ronda, near Carmona), a tributary town of the Turdetani, in Hispania Baetica, belonging to the conventus of Hispalis.
		Illurgitani), a considerable city of Hispania Baetica, situated on a steep rock on the N. side of the Baetis, on the road from Corduba to Castulo, 20 M. from the latter, land five days' march from Carthago Nova.
		At least such is the Roman version of their offence, for which a truly Roman vengeance was taken by Publius Scipio, B.C. After a defence, such as might be expected when despair of mercy was added to national fortitude, the city was stormed and burnt over the slaughtered corpses of all its inhabitants,.
	www.geocities.com /protoillyrian/ila_varta.html (10080 words)

	Baetica Felix: People and Prosperity in Southern Spain from Caesar to Septimius Severus
		The present contribution to this literature is a survey of the rural economy of Southwest Spain from the accession of Augustus in 27 BC to the middle of the third century AD.
		The province of Baetica was one of the most prosperous parts of the Roman Empire, richly endowed with lead and silver mines, possessing fertile soils, and drained by a river system navigable to the Mediterranean coast whence grain, wine, olive oil, and fish sauce were exported to points on the Mediterranean littoral.
		A more likely scenario for the expansion of Baetica's export economy is that growing prosperity in the western and central Mediterranean widened trading opportunities, thereby facilitating a division of labor based on regional comparative advantage.
	www.eh.net /bookreviews/library/0819.shtml (1372 words)

	História Militar de Roma
		At the conclusion of the survey, the authors suggest that, as the kilns were at the banks of the river, it was possible to send empty vessels to be used in the fish-sauce workshops at Tróia and Setúbal.
		The kilns are smaller than those known in Baetica but they continued exporting fish-sauce for hundreds of years (mid first to mid fifth centuries AD).
		It is emphasised that they found 994 sherds of fish-sauce amphorae, and only 45 sherds of wine and olive-oil vessels, implying that a “uilla in the hinterland could thus have as varied a diet as a uilla in the coast or in a river bank.
	www.unicamp.br /nee/arqueologia_english/archives/military_history/recueil.html (1662 words)

	Gallic Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gallic Empire (in Latin, imperium Galliarum) is the modern name for the independent realm that lived a brief existence during the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century, from 260 to 274.
		The Gallic or Gallo-Roman Empire consisted of the break-away Roman provinces of Gaul, Britain, and Hispania, even peaceful Baetica in the south.
		The crisis was ignited when Emperor Valerian was captured by the Sassanid Persians, leaving his son Gallienus in very shaky control.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gallic_Empire (350 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 97.7.22
		As a result the German version is the logical one to use unless one has a specific interest in local conditions in Baetica or in the more technical aspects of metallurgy and paleography.
		It is a striking confirmation of the continued social and political prominence of the Calpurnii Pisones that one of the official witnesses to Piso's disgrace would go on to marry his granddaughter.
		Similarly, the date of Vibius Serenus' term in Baetica is discussed (101-3) as either 20/21 or 21/22 (he was exiled de vi publica in 23, Ann.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1997/97.07.22.html (3137 words)

	[No title]
		Around 15 BC, Hispania ulterior was split into Baetica (still ruled from Cordoba) and Lusitania (ruled from Emerita Augusta [Merida]); Hispania citerior was thenceforth governed from Tarraco (Tarragona), and at some point renamed Tarraconensis.
		By the late first century AD, this was a central part of the empire, and Baetica was even the birthplace of the emperors Trajan and Hadrian.
		In 298, the peninsula was reorganised: specifically, the conventus at Cartagena became the province Cartaginensis; the whole peninsula, plus Morocco, became the diocese Hispaniae, with its capital at Merida; and conventus-level administration ended.
	www.panix.com /~josephb/regions/mediterranean-spain.txt (807 words)

	Haley, Baetica Felix, University of Texas Press
		Baetica, the present-day region of Andalusia in southern Spain, was the wealthiest province of the Roman Empire.
		Indeed, so mutually beneficial was the imposition of Roman rule on the local population of Baetica that it demands a new understanding of the relationship between Imperial Rome and its provinces.
		His findings conclusively demonstrate that meeting the multiple demands of the Roman state created a substantial freeborn and ex-slave "middle stratum" of the population that outnumbered both the super-rich elite and the destitute poor.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/books/halbae.html (192 words)

	Renaissance Online Magazine [Books]
		Helena, whom we might describe as Falco's significant other, is on the verge of producing their first child when he finds himself sent to Baetica, the area of Spain around modern Seville.
		After a dinner in Rome thrown by the olive oil producers of Baetica a man is killed and top spymaster Anacrites left for dead.
		Davis crunches a few figures to give some idea of the potential value of this crop, and one can readily see that the rewards for a bit of trickery are sufficient to put a few consciences into neutral.
	www.renaissancemag.com /arts/books/b0299.html (612 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Seville
		In Roman times Seville was the capital of the Province of Baetica, and the origin of the diocese goes back to Apostolic times, or at least to the first century of our era.
		When Constantine brought peace to the Church Evodius was Bishop of Seville; he set himself to rebuild the ruined churches, among them he appears to have built the church of San Vicente, perhaps the first cathedral of Seville.
		Marcianus was bishop in 428, when Gunderic wished to seize the treasures of the Church of San Vicente; Sabinus II was dispossessed of his see by Rechila the Suevian (441) and recovered it in 461.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13744a.htm (1562 words)

	[No title]
		Rome controlled all of the remaining provinces (Italy, Corsica/Sardinia, Sicily and Syracuse) The strategy deck was exhausted requiring a reshuffle which would have negated the effects of the Cato counsels Rome card.
		Baetica was not expected to fall this turn but Carthage would be required to respond to the threat during the turn allowing Rome to marshal its forces during Turn 5 in preparation of the arrival of Scipio Africanus on turn 6.
		Barring major amounts of luck or some large mistakes (or both) on behalf of the Roman player it was agreed by those resent that Carthage could prolong the game but would not prevail.
	grognard.com /reviews1/hannibal1.txt (2236 words)

	Origins and early career. (from Trajan) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born in the Roman province of Baetica, southern Spain.
		While his family was probably well-to-do and prominent in Baetica, his father was the first to have a career in the imperial service.
		He became a provincial governor and in 67–68 commander of a legion in the war the future emperor Vespasian was conducting against the Jews.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-7355?tocId=7355 (1328 words)

	de RES HISTORIAE ANTIQUA
		The west and north sides of Baetica are determined by Lusitania and part of Tarraconensis respectively.
		And the island lying alongside the coast in the outer sea and its town.
		The remainder of Tarraconensis, one side lies alongside Lusitania and Baetica and that which lies alongside the Balearic Sea, turns towards the winter setting of the sun and has an outline of such a kind.
	www.reshistoriaeantiqua.co.uk /Ptol5.html (907 words)

	Trio Campanella - Press material
		Among the trio's new projects is Fantasia Baetica by Manuel de Falla.
		This piece is also originally written for the piano, but clearly has its roots in the Andalusian music tradition and is inspired by Moorish ornaments and the intense dance rhythms of the flamenco.
		In 2001 the trio was invited to participate in a master class with the Spanish pianist Alicia de Larrocha.
	triocampanella.com /press_english.htm (353 words)

	expo catala
		The popular tradition was right only to some extent, because the vessels found in the Mount had brought taxes in kind to Rome.
		Furthermore, the inscriptions included the amphora tare and content, personal names interpreted by Dressel as the olive-oil owners, which we know today belong to traders and transporters, and a complex fiscal control specifying a consular date.
		The discovery by Dressel was a breakthrough in studies of the Roman economy, but it did not become relevant until almost half century after, when his researches in Rome were related to the ones undertaken by G.Bonsor in Batik.
	ceipac.gh.ub.es /MOSTRA/u_expo.htm (1138 words)

	Leovigild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Leovigild began his sole reign of the reunited Visigoth territories by seizing the Byzantine-ruled city of Córdoba, where the Byzantines had recently answered Athanagild's call for help by establishing a stretch of Byzantine territory in the southeast of the Iberian peninsula.
		Leovigild further reinforced possibilities of a peaceful future succession, a perennial Visigothic issue, by associating his two sons, Hermenegild and Reccared, with himself in the kingly office and placing certain regions under their regencies.
		Until Leovigild's reign, the Visigoths minted coins that imitated the imperial coinage of Byzantium which circulated from Byzantine possessions in Baetica.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/Leovigild.htm (994 words)

	Encyclopedia: Baetica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		LacusCurtius website: (http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Maps/Periods/Roman/Places/Europe/Iberia/Baetica/1.html) detailed map of Baetica from a 19c atlas for Latin students
		A.T. Fear, Rome and Baetica: Urbanization in Southern Spain, C.50 BC-AD 150 in the series "Oxford Classical Monographs" (http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/019815027X/wwwlink-software-21/026-7599504-8198840)
		Evan Haley, Baetica Felix: People and Prosperity in Southern Spain from Caesar to Septimius Severus, (http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exhalbae.html) (excerpt from the Introduction)
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Baetica (936 words)

	Chapter 2: Paganism and Pagan Survivals in Spain During the Forth Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This period of roughly a hundred years was brought to an abrupt close and the development of culture in Spain was profoundly altered by the invasion of the barbarians at the beginning of the fifth century.
		The town of Elvira (Illiberis) where the bishops of Spain met was situated in the province of Baetica near the site of the present city of Granada.
		Practically all students of early Church history are agreed that the council was held before the Edict of Toleration (313) and during the time when Constantius Chlorus was Caesar of the West (293-306).
	libro.uca.edu /mckenna/pagan2.htm (7468 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Hadrian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hadrian was born in Italica, Baetica (originally Hispania Ulterior), to a well-established settler family which had originated in Picenum in Italy.
		However, Trajan's wife was well-disposed toward Hadrian, and he may well have owed his succession to her.
		Hadrian was born in Italica, Baetica, which today is near modern Seville, Spain.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Hadrian (2936 words)

	Barbarian Crusade Game Report Page
		We, together with the Gauls and the Dalmatians, outlined a fair peace deal, in which the Africans by ceding Baetica, would be given a chance to play a long term role in the galaxy.
		While Baetica is indeed a strategic world in light of the Hispanics position it does NOT justify an assault on the African homeworld.
		When they made their demands for Baetica, a planet we both inhabited and both held justifiable claim, we knew they only wanted a safe base to launch their future assaults against House Hazat.
	www.twarriors.com /gaming/efs/barbariancrusadereport.html (4103 words)

	Classical Gazetteer, page 361 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ucia, a town of the Turtuli, Baetica, on the
		Ugia, a town of the Turtetani, Baetica, bet.
		Ulea, a town of the Turtuli, Baetica, 10 m.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /gazetteer/0363.html (333 words)

	Alpha Update - The Internal Newsletter of Moonbase Alpha
		She did at this time leave the steering committe - to get the leadership of the Operation Exodus-project on Terra Baetica.
		The idea to this came up during the Alphan Terra Baetica Expedition when Science Officer Monge Hirata introduced her MD-player to Doctor Helena Russell.
		Doctor Helena Russell, experienced from previous Exodus projects at Terra Baetica and Terra Raetia, will be the Project Manager for the new investigations.
	home.swipnet.se /moonbasealpha/au/feb_04/previous_feb_04.html (1182 words)

	You're no longer Hispanic - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		"The department of Tarragon...is separated from Baetica and Lusitania by Mount Solorius and by the ranges of the Oretani and Carpentani and of the Astures."
		Once again Pliny says the northern border of Tarragon and Lusitania are the ranges in Asturia and as we know Asturia is on the eastern side of Galicia.
		You have to remember Visigodo, there were only three provinces in the entire Peninsula: Baetica, Tarragon and Lusitania.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?p=1609756 (4111 words)

	Roman Trade With the Canary Islands
		Analysis of their clay indicates that the vessels originally came from Campania (a region in central Italy), Baetica (southern Spain), and Tunisia.
		Atoche Peña and Paz Peralta have suggested, however, that all of them probably arrived in the Canaries via Baetica, a natural stopover on the way from Italy and Tunisia.
		What they brought to the islands is unknown, but such amphorae were likely used to carry fish from the rich fishing banks nearby to Roman salting plants on the Moroccan coast and thence to Spain.
	www.archaeology.org /9705/newsbriefs/canaries.html (464 words)

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