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	Hawazma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Baggara are believed to have migrated to Sudan during early days of Islamic missionaries to the fl continent, perhaps as early as the 12th century.
		Baggara youth are cheerful group in the Baggara families; their main mental set to look for festivals, rituals, dancing gossip around for absentinence and only supervises young kids to range cattle.
		Baggara are 100 percent musilms and 75 percent of Nuba are musilms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawazma (2080 words)

	The Baggara -- A Brief Cultural Profile
		Primary sub-groups of the Baggara are the Beni Selim, the Oulad Hamayd, the Habbania, the Hawazma, the Messiriya, the Beni Husayn, the Humr, the Bahr al-Arab, the Reizegat, the Ta`aisha, the Beni Helba, the Beni Khuzam and the Salamat.
		The Baggara led the new Caliphat in an invasion of Ethiopia in 1887, finally killing Ethiopian King Yohannes IV in 1889.
		The Baggara are Muslims, and tend to observe fully the Five Pillars and major practices.
	endor.hsutx.edu /~obiwan/profiles/baggara.html (504 words)

	Hawazma - TheBestLinks.com - Arab, Arabic, Cattle, Chad, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Baggara are believed to have migrated to Sudan during early days of Islamic missionaries to the fl continent, probably as early as in the 7th century.
		Whenever Baggara settle they start a seasonal nomadic movement that goes from north to south, in a Round-Robin fashion according to the season and perpendicular to their historical migration route.
		Baggara?s youth are cheerful group in the Baggara families; their main mental set to look for festivals, rituals, dancing gossip around for absentinence and only supervises young kids to range cattle.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Hawazma.html (2346 words)

	Baggara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Baggara is actually a collective name applied to the separate cattle-herding tribes of Sudan and eastern Chad.
		Many of the Baggara tribes were responsible for raiding Southern civilian villages, taking women and children as slaves, and stealing property such as cattle with the non-chalaunt dismissal that these were the “spoils of war.” Relations at this point are said to have improved, however in most cases the damage is irreparable.
		Because the Baggara, as a whole, are not an educated people, few are involved with the political arena in the capital city of Khartoum.
	www.sudan101.com /baggara.htm (1178 words)

	Baggara Arabs (Ian Cunnison) - book review
		Baggara Arabs is an anthropological study of a Sudanese Arab tribe, the Humr, based on fieldwork carried out by the author in the 1950s.
		The emphasis of the book is on politics and power relations within the tribe, and in particular the relationship between these and the lineage system (hence the subtitle), but it also gives a description of the physical environment and way of life of the people.
		The Humr are a semi-nomadic tribe of Baggara Arabs who live in South-Central Sudan, in the province of Kordofan, and have occupied that area since around 1800.
	dannyreviews.com /h/Baggara_Arabs.html (683 words)

	FAMINE IN SUDAN, 1998
		This role for the Baggara was forged under the government of President Nimeiri (1969-85) and applied by the Umma Party when it was in power in a series of coalition governments from 1986-89.
		The armed horsemen of the Baggara militia, known as the muraheleen, played a crucial role in the generation of the famines of 1988 and 1998.
		The equivalent among the Rizeigat Baggara tribe of southern Darfur are called "fursan," Arabic for "cavaliers or horsemen." The muraheleen tribal militias were formed in the mid-1980s.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1999/sudan/SUDAWEB2-13.htm (3334 words)

	Baggara - TheBestLinks.com - Arabic language, Arab, Chad, Middle Ages, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Baggara or Baqqarah are a nomadic Bedouin people inhabiting the Darfur region of western Sudan and Chad.
		The Baggaras' pastoral lifestyle has led to conflict with the sedentary African farmers of the region concerning access to water and grazing land.
		The Baggara include several tribes, such as the Rizeigat and the Misseiria in Darfur and the Humur and Hawazma in Kordofan.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Baggara.html (217 words)

	Making Famine in Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Many Baggaras access to grazing had been hit by a major expansion of mechanised farming in southern Kordofan and (to a lesser extent) southern Darfur in the 1970s and 1980s.
		Increasingly through the 1980s the rebellion came to be used by a coalition of politicians, traders, soldiers and discontented Baggara to portray the Dinka and the Nuba and other non-Arab groups as rebels and as people who could legitimately be attacked, exploited and deprived of relief.
		A paramount concern for the Baggara has been ensuring access to grazing and water, and this appears to have prompted a partial reconciliation with the SPLA from 1989.
	www.ennonline.net /fex/06/sf6.html (1847 words)

	SudanTribune article : The Nuba Mountains of Sudan: Resource access, violent conflict, and identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Baggara are said to have divided the plains among themselves and driven the Nuba uphill.
		He recalled the case of a Baggara trader called Abdulla who carried his message to Baggara sheihks that the SPLA is not at war with them.
		However, it is also important to note that a number of Baggara fought with the Nuba troops against the government in Buram and continue to honour their agreement with the Nuba rebels.
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=252 (6457 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		The numerous Baggara tribes of northern Sudan share many cultural characteristics and claim a common ancestry.
		The Baggara are somewhat unusual in that the women work to provide the income needed to maintain the households.
		Baggara society is patrilineal, which means that the line of descent is traced through the males.
	www.global12project.com /2004/profiles/clusters/8051.html (903 words)

	Slavery, Abduction and Forced Servitude in Sudan
		As Baggara pastoralists move north with their livestock to wet season pastures, the military train prepares to move south.
		Between the Dinka and Baggara, for example, annual inter-tribal meetings (zufur) along the Bahr el Arab/Kiir river in Safaha, enabled an audit of grievances between the tribes that often involved the payment of compensation (diya) for killings, theft or the return of persons abducted in the course of raids.
		Baggara took her together with her mother and brothers when she was small.
	www.state.gov /p/af/rls/rpt/10445.htm (18586 words)

	In the Mahdi's Grasp, by George Manville Fenn, Chapter 19
		It was the avant garde of the patients the Hakim was to treat that day, and coming as it did on the Baggara chief’s announcement that they were to accompany him the next morning, quite settled what, for at all events the present, was to be their position in connection with the force.
		The Baggara appeared to be a finely built, manly young fellow as he was allowed to subside into his followers’ arms, and then borne to where the Hakim waited.
		In a short time, under the Baggara chief’s supervision, a tent was set up over the wounded man, and by then two large groups of patients were waiting patiently for the Hakim’s ministrations—those whom he had tended on the previous day, and about a dozen wounded men who had come in during the night.
	www.athelstane.co.uk /gmanfenn/mdigrasp/mahdi19.htm (2550 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Baggara ancestors immigrated from Sudan to Chad during the fourteenth century.
		Although the Baggara are respected by the Chad government because of their wealth in animals, they have never played a large role in Chad's political arena.
		Baggara towns are composed of small compounds grouped according to male family and tribal lines.
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code2/1752.html (784 words)

	BAGGARA - LoveToKnow Article on BAGGARA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The true Baggara tribesmen employ oxen as saddle and pack animals, carry no shield, and though many possess firearms the customary weapons are lance and sword.
		The mahdis successor, the khaiifa Abdullah, was a Baggara, and throughout his rule the tribe held the first place in his favor.
		They have been described as men who look the fiends they really areof most sinister expression, with murder and every crime speaking from their savage eyes.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BA/BAGGARA.htm (427 words)

	Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights: THE CHEVRON PERIOD: 1974-92
		The government did not pay the Baggara anything much for their raids, but gave their militia a license to steal from the Nuer and Dinka: cattle, grain, household goods—and women and children, taken as slaves.
		In the early 1980s, the Baggara stepped up their fights with the Ngok Dinka of Abyei, southern Kordofan, over water and grazing; the Baggara’s home areas periodically suffered drought and were undergoing desertification—and a famine in 1984.
		Following a March 1985 battle between the SPLA/Anyanya II and Baggara raiders at Thargana near Mayom, in which the Baggara were driven from Nuer areas, a relative peace ensued between the Baggara and Nuer.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2003/sudan1103/10.htm (9356 words)

	Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Earlier in 1965, 200 peaceful Dinkas leaving among the Baggara in Babenousa and Mugled were collected by the police for protection, but were burnt alive in both Babenousa and Mugled police stations and in front of the very police that was supposed to protect them.
		The Baggara were and have been under the protection of the Khartoum governments and the Provincial authorities previously in El-Obeid, and then in Kadugli, since the British withdrew in 1956.
		The arming of the Baggara by the Khartoum government took a dangerous turn in the period of the third democracy (1985-1989) under the premiership of al-Sadig al-Mahdi and the present NIF theocratic regime (1989--).
	www.sudaneseonline.com /earticle2005/jul28-55682.shtml (2971 words)

	Who are the Darfurians
		Whereas the southern, Baggara, Rizeigat were awarded a territory by the Fur Sultan (who had not subjugated the area where they chose to live), the northern clans continued a primarily nomadic existence on the desert edge, without a specific place they could call home.
		The majority of the Mahdist armies derived from the Baggara of Darfur and Kordofan, and for most of its existence the Mahdist state in Omdurman was ruled by the Khalifa and his Ta'aisha kinsmen.
		Among their writings are a number of studies on how sedentary Fur farmers, on acquiring sufficient cattle, would ‘become Baggara' in stages, to the extent of teaching their children the Arabic language and adopting many socio-cultural traits of the pastoralists they moved with.
	www.justiceafrica.org /the_darfurians.htm (9558 words)

	Resource Access: A Major Cause of Armed Conflict in the Sudan -- The Case of the Nuba Mountains
		As mentioned before, it was around 1800 that the Baggara tribes, which had previously roamed the plains of Kordofan and Darfur, began to move into the valleys of the Nuba Mountains in search of water and pasture for their growing herds.
		However, it is also important to note that a number of Baggara fought with the Nuba troops against the government in Buram and continue to honour the agreement with the Nuba rebels.
		One hopeful sign that the current differences might not build an insurmountable ethnic divide between the Baggara and the Nuba is the unanimous agreement among all Nuba leaders interviewed by the authors, that peace and long-term co-operation between them and the Baggara are fundamental for them all.
	srdis.ciesin.org /cases/Sudan-Paper.html (8921 words)

	[No title]
		There are already signs that the powerful Jellaba will use the Baggara to secure their objectives, then deny them access to the best lands.Escalation to violenceThe scissors effect created by the drought and the incursion of mechanized farming alerted the Nuba people to the possibility of being squeezed out of their best farming lands.
		He recalled the case of a Baggara trader called Abdulla who carried his message to Baggara sheihks that the SPLA is not at war with them.Several Baggara groups responded positively (including Sheikh Sanad).
		A few were bribed and skilfully used by the government to undermine the spirit of trust and cooperation between the Baggara and the Nuba, which had begun to spread in the region.The Kain agreementIn June 1996, the Nuba took the initiative toward peaceful cooperation with the Rawawga Baggara.
	www.sudantribune.com /IMG/doc/The_Nuba_Mountains_of_Sudan.doc (5520 words)

	Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Baggara undertook this journey of migration to avoid the demands of Sultan of Wadai.
		Ian Cunnison in Baggara Arabs: Power and the Lineage in a Sudanese Nomadic Tribe says that Humr move in a regular cycle through the four distinct types of country into which Dar Humr is naturally divided: the Babanousa, the Muglad, the Goz and the Bahr.
		It was the first attempt to settle the nomadic Baggara, and the boundaries between Messeriyya Baggara were unofficially, at least, were fixed westward by Tabeldiyya and eastward by Nyama and Subu.
	www.sudaneseonline.com /cgi-bin/earticle2005/news.cgi?action=view&item=nov2-94323.shtml (7250 words)

	DAGRIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Descended from the first introductions of zebu cattle into Africa from west Asia, and remained with Baggara nomadic pastoralists owing to their adaptive attributes to hot and dry agro-ecosystems.
		Maintained by the nomadic Baggara tribe in the west, central and southern Darfur, central and southern Kordofan and Nuba Mountains, and in areas west of the White Nile (Suliem Baggara).
		Compact body and pyramidal hump; medium horns that tend to be longer to the west due to the influence of the Fulani; variable coat colour.
	dagris.ilri.cgiar.org /dagris/display.asp?ID=21 (295 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Baggara of Cameroon live in the "hinge" between West and Central Africa on the northern savanna near Fort-Foureau.
		Baggara men frequently have one wife who may live in the nomadic camp and another who lives in the village or town.
		The Baggara of Cameroon are passive Sunni Muslims who observe the "five pillars of faith" (declare the faith of Islam, say daily prayers, give alms, fast, and make the pilgrimage to Mecca).
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code1/1751.html (757 words)

	Baggara - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Baggara include several tribes, such as the Rizeigat, Ta’isha, Habbaniya in Darfur and Misseiria and the Humur and Hawazma in Kordofan.
		Baggara Arabs: Power and the lineage in a Sudanese nomad tribe,
		The impact of ranching development under the savannah condition in the "Baggara" county of western Sudan
	www.unipedia.info /Baggara.html (237 words)

	Slaves Liberated in Sudan
		The outstanding 273 slaves were liberated from Baggara Arab cattle camps by CSI-supported Arab-Dinka Peace Committees, and were documented by CSI staff at Gok Machar and Waragany.
		CSI is now providing food and survival kits to both groups of freed slaves, and is helping local authorities reunite them with their families.
		A minority of the females claim they were subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM) – a ritual that is the cultural norm for Baggara Arab women.
	www.dhimmi.com /SlavesLiberatedinSudan.htm (490 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Living \| Outsider art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bahreddin was named after a celebrated sultan, or king, of the Masaleet, although he is an ethnic Baggara -- one of the largest nomadic Arabised tribes of western Sudan.
		Among his father's people -- the nomadic Baggara -- it is a time when they return to their homes and traditional pasture lands in mountainous western Sudan.
		Douash stands in sharp contrast to the noushouq, the hot and dry season when the grasses wilt and the Baggara are forced to leave their homeland in search of greener pastures in the south.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/638/li1.htm (1458 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Slave raiding is an age-old practice between Sudan's cattle herding Baggara and Dinka tribes and gathered fresh impetus with the renewal of Sudan's civil war in 1983.
		Rights groups charge that the government provided the Baggara with guns and horses and encouraged them to raid Dinka villages.
		He says the government was forced to arm the Baggara because they were being attacked by the S-P-L-A. The government because it cannot protect them by deploying any military forces there, gave them weapons in order to protect themselves.
	www.help-for-you.com /news/Apr2002/scripts/3499705c.html (459 words)

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