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Topic: Baghdadi Jews

	"The Last Jews in India and Burma" by Nathan Katz and Ellen S. Goldberg
		The 29 Jews of the Paradesi community and perhaps another 30 scattered throughout Kerala are all that remain of the 2,500 prior to mass aliya.
		However, it was the arrival of the Baghdadi merchant, industrialist and financier David Sassoon (1792-1864) in 1833 that heralded the remarkable sojourn of the Baghdadi Jewish community of Bombay.
		The affinities between Hindus and Jews go beyond their shared perception of a Muslim adversary, and while secularism has been in the interest of Jews in most nations of exile, it may be that the Indian case is a notable exception.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/jl101.htm (4205 words)

	Jews of India
		According to the inscription, the ruler awarded the Jews the village of Anjuvannam, meaning "five castes," as the Jews were believed to be the lords of the five castes of artisans.
		In 1524, on the pretext that the Jews were tampering with the pepper trade, the Moors attacked the remaining Jews of Anjuvannam, burning their homes and synagogues.
		The most prominent Baghdadi Jew was Sir David Sassoon who established the Indian House of Sassoon in 1832 and paved the way for the arrival of many other Iraqi Jews in India.
	www.geocities.com /hsitah5/jews_of_india.htm (3305 words)

	CPAmedia.com: India's Jews: Surviving Against the Odds
		India's 6,500 Jews may well be one of that country's smallest and least visible minorities, yet their contribution to India throughout the ages is certainly not to be ignored.
		The Jews sided with the Dutch, as under the intolerant Portuguese their religious freedom and even their lives were at stake.
		Though occasionally it is assumed that Jews settled in the Bombay area as early as the 6th century, it was not until the 18th century that they made any notable impact.
	www.cpamedia.com /travel/india_jews (1371 words)

	Arabs and Jews: are they born enemies?
		Jews have long lived harmoniously alongside their Arab neighbours in Morocco as illustrated by the answer given by King Mohammed V to a Nazi commander when asked for a list of all Jews in his kingdom: “We have no Jews in Morocco, only Moroccan citizens”.
		The Jews of Egypt suffered at the hand of Napoleon who imposed heavy taxation upon them and destroyed their places of worship but after the French retreat in 1801 legislation was introduced which provided Jews with a privileged status, including tax exemptions and legal protection as foreign nationals.
		Jews and their cousins the Arabs, both descendants of Abraham, are, indeed foes, a sad state elicited mainly by the confiscation of Palestinian lands and the misery suffered by Palestinians as a result of Zionist policies.
	www.habtoor.com /anenemycalledapathy/l-11.htm (1886 words)

	Jews of India-Introduction
		Jews settled in different areas – from Kashmir in the north, to Cochin in the south, Calcutta in the east and Bombay (renamed Mumbai) in the west.
		The Pardesi synagogue in Cochin, Kerala is the oldest among the surviving synagogues in the country.
		It is a National Heritage.T he largest concentration of Jews in India still remains in Bombay (particularly in Thane, a suburb of Bombay) - but they are only about 4000 in number - a mere fraction of the vitality they once generated in the city.
	www.the-south-asian.com /March2001/Jews_of_India-Intro.htm (632 words)

	Rey Chow
		The Bene Israel Jews were known for sesame oil pressing, and initially were scattered through the Bombay area forcing them to worship in their homes as opposed to a central synagogue.
		The Baghdadi Jewish community is the youngest of the Indian Jewish communities and was founded in early 18th century in the west coast port of Surat.
		Jews were given jobs in the military, the navy, commerce, and construction, but ironically abandoned their original oil pressing monopoly as the Empire took over.
	www.english.emory.edu /Bahri/Jews.html (1579 words)

	Jews of Iraq
		It was through their official recognition by the Baghdadi Caliphs that the Babylonian Jews were able to impose their religious leadership and their Talmud upon most of the Jewish world.
		A year later, however, the property of the Jews who had emigrated was frozen, and economic restrictions were placed on Jews who chose to remain in the country.
		Jews were placed under house arrest for long periods of time or restricted to the cities.
	mishkantorah.org /parasha/5763/jews_of_iraq.htm (2285 words)

	Baghdadi Jews in Shanghai
		By that time there already was a large community of Russian Jews who had fled their country after the Revolution in 1917 and came to Shanghai via Harbin and Tientsin.
		The discussions with the Japanese were conducted face to face by Victor Sassoon and Eli Kadoorie.
		But from certain hints Alkow understood, the Jews had negotiated a business deal with the Japanese who were interested in maintaining normal economic and commercial activities in Shanghai.
	www.dangoor.com /72page34.html (865 words)

	Baghdadi (Iraqi) Synagogues in Bombay and Poona, India
		Baghdadi Jews had sailed down the Persian Gulf to Surat, the trading center on the west coast of India, since the mid-18th century for the purpose of trade, often returning home after a few years.
		It was not till the next century that Baghdadis gradually settled in Bombay and Poona.
		While very few Baghdadis now remain in Bombay and Poona, the synagogue buildings are well maintained and services continue to be held with minyanim composed of Baghdadis and the Bene-Israel community.
	www.babylonjewry.org.il /new/english/nehardea/10/m1.htm (885 words)

	We need a post-Zionist leap of faith by John Rose 02 April 2005
		This held that Jews went into exile after the fall of the second temple as a result of the Roman policy of forcible dispersal.
		Jews migrated from Europe to the Islamic world to escape the Crusades.
		Menahem Daniel, a Baghdadi Jewish notable, wrote to them in 1922: "You are regarded as a threat to Arab national life." He told them: please stay away.
	www.doublestandards.org /rose2.html (1007 words)

	Kulanu: Jews of India
		The Jewish community is composed of three distinct groups: the Bene Israel, the Jews of Malabar, and the Baghdadi Jews.
		Jews were always able to worship openly and were favored by the the Maharajas of Cochin.
		The so-called Baghdadi Jews came from across the Muslim world, founded vibrant communities in Kolkatta and Mumbai 200 years ago.
	www.kulanu.org /india/jews_of_india.html (543 words)

	Alexander
		Jews were essentially pro-British as a means to maintain their political and social rights, newly experienced since the end of their dhimmitude with the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire.
		Jews were assumed to be Zionists, imagined to be a fifth column and scapegoated for the military defeat of the Arabs by the Jews in Palestine.
		A groundbreaking study on Basra’s Jews by Israeli scholar David Sagiv is forthcoming and the history of the Kurdish Jews in Mosul is beyond the scope of this thesis.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~metheses/Alexander.htm (2744 words)

	Jews in caste system of India
		The Jews do not see themselves as part of the Hindu caste system, but in the past the Hindus did treat the Jews according to their traditions.
		The Baghdadi Jews were much strict about religious laws than the Bene Israel Jews.
		The Baghdadi Jews who were much strict about Jewish laws and diet did not mingle with the Bene Israels because the Bene Israels were secular Jews and they perceived in Bene Israel Jews as impure Jews.
	members.tripod.com /adaniel/jewscaste.htm (424 words)

	The Farhud, the Mufti inspired Krystallnacht in Iraq, 1941
		Jews were treated tolerantly by the Moslems and, while abuses (such as hooliganism, snatching of men's fez caps and even murders) had been recorded from time to time, the Farhud is the only sad event of sizable magnitude.
		The fact that the majority of the Jewish community was concentrated in Baghdad explains why the Baghdadi Jews bore the brunt of the Farhud.
		On August 27, 1934 numerous Jews were dismissed by Arshad Alumari, Minister of Economics and Communication, and an unofficial quota was set up for Jews to be appointed in the civil service and for Jews to be admitted into secondary schools and colleges.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~jkatz/farhud.html (1132 words)

	Jewish Daily Israel Today
		In the accounts of the historic role played by the Jews of Cochin and the Bene Israel, ancient Jewish communities in India, which date back, over 2,000 years, little reference is made to the Baghdadi Jews, Iraq, another important segment of the Jewish community established about 150 years ago in India.
		Very little is written and known about their remarkable achievements, their phenomenal success and their invaluable contribution to the economic growth and welfare of India in a short period of time, particularly in the field of two of its most important industries, at one time, cotton and jute.
		The Jews lived literally in a “welfare state” established by the Sassoons and the many amenities enjoyed by them were provided “on a platter” by the good grace of she Sassoons.
	www.gaycourter.com /FIBSargon.htm (1923 words)

	Who Are the Jews of India?
		Jews in India are mostly Orthodox or Sephardic in their worship and lifestyle.
		At the root of his examination of the marginality of the Jews in India lies the reality that the Jews are the smallest minority group in India and simultaneously, in India reside the smallest of the Jewish diaspora in the world.
		His purpose here is to explain generally how these Jews, who never suffered discrimination at the hands of the Indian majority, maintained their identities and the commitment to Halakhah while acculturating to Indian and English ways.
	www.khazaria.com /katz.html (2081 words)

	UPNE - The Jews of India: Orpa Slapak
		Jews of India, one of the lesser-known and perhaps most interesting of the Diaspora, comprise the three geographically and ethnographically distinct communities examined in The Israel Museum's unique and authoritative volume The Jews of India.
		The Baghdadi Jews migrated from Iraq and Syria to large commercial cities in western and eastern India in the late eighteenth century.
		Numbering about 5,000 at the population's peak, Baghdadi Jews were largely assimilated into British colonial society, did not develop a distinct material culture in India, and so are a relatively minor presence in this book.
	www.upne.com /965-278-179-7.html (293 words)

	Family N You (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Most of 'Baghdadi' Jews did arrive from Baghdad but there were among them Jews who arrived from Syria, Iran, Yemen and other places in Iraq.
		The rich Baghdadis built synagogues, schools, cemeteries and departments in hospitals where the rights were reserved for the Baghdadi Jews only.
		Sometime in the late19th century, the richer Baghdadis began immigrating to England and were very active in the upper classes of the British society.
	www.familynyou.com /channels/index2.php3?id=87 (403 words)

	Jewish Light Online
		The community, which is ethnically Indian, claims descent from Jews from the Galilee who fled persecution in the 2nd century BCE and landed in India after a shipwreck.
		Aside from the Bene Yisrael, there are Cochin Jews from southern India and Baghdadi Jews who are descended from former Iraqi Jews, as well as Jews from Syria, Yemen and Iran.
		Most of the Jews in her region immigrated to Israel, she said, but she plans to stay in India.
	www.stljewishlight.com /jewishworld/286330963054015.php (1583 words)

	Indonesia
		By the 1920s, Jews were arriving from the Netherlands, Baghdad, and Aden and Jewish community centers were organized in numerous cities.
		Today, “descendants of Iraqi Jews who came to Indonesia more than a century ago to trade spices still live and practice in Surabaya in the eastern half of the densely populated (and almost exclusively Muslim) island of Java.
		The synagogue was purchased in the 1950s, and is in a traditional Orthodox, Sephardic style; men and women are separated by a mechiza and the pulpit and congregation face the simple, plain wood ark. The ark has been empty since its two Torah scrolls were relocated to the Jewish congregation in Singapore.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/indonesia.html (525 words)

	Reaching Sephardic Jews - Jews for Jesus
		Jews from Spain, Morocco, Italy, Greece, Israel, Syria, Yemen, Tunisia, Iraq and India are all part of the family.
		Sephardic Jews living in North America are a minority within a minority, in light of a much larger and better-organized Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jewish community.
		That is not to say that all Sephardic Jews are ready to accept the Messiah, but there usually is a greater initial willingness to explore the gospel.
	www.jewsforjesus.org /publications/newsletter/2006_03/sephardic (1637 words)

	Jewish Heritage of India Tour
		The Cochin Jews are further divided into Black (believing themselves to be the original settlers arriving during the first century) and White (of European or Middle Eastern origin) Jews.
		The Ben Israeli Jews are thought to have left Yemen in the 2nd century BC, and claim to be descended from families shipwrecked off the coast of Nagaon, just south of Mumbai.
		The arrival of the cosmopolitan Baghdadi Jews caused a renaissance of Jewish consciousness among MumbaiÕs Ben Israeli community and support networks began to bond the two groups together.
	www.spirit-of-india.com /group/Jewish/index.html (927 words)

	Lecture series explains Baghdadi Jews' ties to Shanghai - Minnesota Daily
		At the time the Baghdadi Jews arrived in Shanghai, the city was not a nice place to live, Meyer said.
		When the Baghdadi Jews arrived in Shanghai, they discovered a Jewish community that had arrived hundreds of years earlier and were assimilated into the Chinese culture, Meyer said.
		Tonight's lecture is the second part of the series and will focus on the Baghdadi Jews in Shanghai during World War II and their lives thereafter.
	www.mndaily.com /articles/2006/11/29/70069 (666 words)

	AsiaSource Interview with Jael Silliman
		In the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries the Baghdadi Jewish diaspora stretched from Baghdad to Shanghai and westwards to London.
		The Baghdadi Jews who came to India as traders in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were responding to the new economic opportunities generated by colonialism.
		The Jews within each of these communities were few in number and were sustained by the other Jews in Basra, Rangoon, Bombay, Karachi, Singapore and Shanghai who provided each other religious, financial and social support.
	www.asiasource.org /arts/silliman.cfm (2608 words)

	Welcome to Shanghai Jewish Center
		History records the first Jew to pass through Shanghai was a British soldier in 1841; however, the first Jewish settlers did not begin to arrive in Shanghai until 1848.
		In the 1870s, the Baghdadi community rented space for religious worship, and in 1887 organized the Beth EI Synagogue, predecessor to the Ohel Rachel Synagogue.
		It was built to accommodate the community of Baghdadi Jews (which at its peak numbered 700), opened in March 1920, and was consecrated by Rabbi W. Hirsch for worship on January 23, 1921.
	www.chinajewish.org /JewishHistory.htm (1693 words)

	Monsoon - The Asian Journal of Brandeis
		Meanwhile, the Jews of Cochin said they came to Cranganore after the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E. Like the Bene Israel, they were divided into “white” Jews, “fl” Jews, and Meshuchrarim, or “freemen”.
		In the 18th century, Jews who were later recognized as the “Baghdadi Jews” arrived in India from Arab countries.
		These Jews, who have a Chinese appearance, claim that after their forefathers were exiled and enslaved by the Assyrians, they escaped from slavery and arrived in China.
	people.brandeis.edu /~monsoon/articles/hussain_whoarethejews.htm (1279 words)

	Indian Jews: Jews Around the World at Jews.Net.
		Unfortunately for the Jews of Cochin, the Portuguese occupied Cochin in this same period and indulged in persecution of the Jews until the Dutch displaced them in 1660.
		Under British rule, the Jews of India achieved their maximum population and wealth, and the Calcutta community continued to grow and prosper and trade amongst all the cities of the Far East and to the rest of the world.
		The Baghdadi Jews migrated to British India around the end of the 18th century for purposes of trade, and settled mainly in the port cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Rangoon.
	www.jews.net /indianjews.htm (775 words)

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