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	Bahadur Shah II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bahadur Shah Zafar (Zafar was his nom de plume, or takhallus, as an Urdu poet), was the last of the Mughal emperors in India.
		Zafar was the least threatening and least ambitious of monarchs, and the legacy of the Mughal Empire was more acceptable a uniting force to most allied kings than the domination of any other Indian kingdom.
		Bahadur Shah died in exile on November 7, 1862 and is buried near Shwe Degon Pagoda, Yangôn, and the place of his burial is currently known as Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar_II (897 words)

	MusicalNirvana - Bahadur Shah Zafar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Zafar was the name under which the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II wrote.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was born in Delhi on October 24, 1775.
		Zafar had indeed been their patron as well as student, at least some of his creations are quite distinctive and original.
	www.musicalnirvana.com /ghazal/bahadur_shah_zafar.html (447 words)

	MOGHAL EMPERORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bahadur Shah, after the death of his father, was placed on the throne in 1837 when he was little over 60 years of age.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar, like his predecessors, was a weak ruler who came to throne when the British domination over India was strengthening and the Mughal rule was nearing its end.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was obliged to live on British pension, while the reins of real power lay in the hands of the East India Company.
	www.moghalemperors.com /bahadur%20sha.htm (428 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| Review \| The last emperor
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal emperor of Delhi, and one of the most talented, tolerant and likable of his remarkable dynasty.
		Zafar came late to the throne, succeeding his father only in 1838 when he was in his mid-60s and when it was already too late to reverse the inexorable political decline of the Mughals.
		Zafar was a mystic, poet and calligrapher of great charm and accomplishment, but his achievement was to nourish the talents of India's greatest love poet, Ghalib, and his rival, Zauq.
	books.guardian.co.uk /review/story/0,12084,1019517,00.html (1366 words)

	Shah Wali Ullah’s Reform Movement [1707-1762] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Shah Wali Ullah's singular and most important act was his translation of the Holy Quran into simple Persian, the language of the land, so that people of the Sub-continent could understand and follow it.
		Shah Wali Ullah directed his teachings towards reorienting the Muslim society with the concepts of basic social justice, removing social inequalities, and balancing the iniquitous distribution of wealth.
		Shah Wali Ullah tried to reconcile the basic differences amongst the different sections of the Muslims and considered the government as an essential means and agency for regeneration of the community.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /articletext.asp?artid=A021 (672 words)

	Encyclopedia: Bahadur Shah II
		Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Mohammed Bahadur Shah Zafar, or Bahadur Shah II (1775-1862), a.k.a.
		As the Indian rebellion of 1857 spread, the nationalist forces nominated Bahadur Shah as their leader.
		When the rebellion was crushed, he was captured and his sons Mirza Mughal and Khizar Sultan and his grandson Abu Bakr were executed in his presence and, famously, their severed heads presented to him.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bahadur-Shah-II (1284 words)

	The Indian Express: Top stories: Full story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To the caretakers of Zafar’s mausoleum, he is a saint, a poet-scholar and a symbol of communal harmony.
		Zafar’s aura of holiness is due to his reputation as a scholar of Sufism, an ascetic movement within Islam.
		During his time, Zafar was one of the foremost poets of the Urdu language and an accomplished calligrapher.
	www.indianexpress.com /ie20010519/int2.html (230 words)

	Bahadur Shah Zafar a saint in Burma
		Zafar was imprisoned by the British and taken to Rangoon in 1858 along with his wife, granddaughter and grandson Sikandar Bux, two daughters and one literature teacher.
		Zafar died on November 7, a Friday, and was buried secretly under a tree later on the same day.
		Zafar was imprisoned by the British and taken to Rangoon in 1858 along with his wife, granddaughter and grandson Sikandar Bux, two daughters and one literature teacher. The whole family was lodged in a garage attached to the bungalow of a junior British officer till Zafar?s death on November 7, 1862.
	www.ibiblio.org /obl/reg.burma/archives/200102/msg00083.html (517 words)

	Bahadur Shah II - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Bahadur Shah II Bahadur Shah Zafar exiled in Rangoon, 1858.
		Bahadur Shah died in exile in November 7, 1862 and is buried there while his wife Zeenat Mahal died in 1886.
		The court that he maintained, arguably pretentious and decadent for a ruler whose writ extended only to Delhi's Red Fort, was home to other writers of high standing in Urdu and South Asian literature, including Ghalib, Daag, Momin, and Zauq.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Bahadur_Shah_II (467 words)

	Bahadur Shah Zafar
		Bahadur Shah II, better known as Bahadur Shah 'Zafar', the nineteenth in the line of Babur and the last to hold on his head the Mughal imperial crown, was a weak ruler but a strong patriot.
		Bahadur Shah himself passed most of his time in the company of poets and writers reciting to them his poetry and listening to theirs.
		Bahadur Shah, during India's first war of independence in 1857 was nominated by the freedom-fighters as their Commander-in-Chief.
	www.exoticindia.com /product/MP30 (373 words)

	Bahadur Shah Zafar II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bahadur Shah Zafar II Set home page · Bookmark site · Add search
		Bahadur Shah Zafar II Bahadur Shah Zafar II (1775-1862) was the last of the Mughal emperors in India.
		After the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 he was deposed and exiled to Rangoon in Burma.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/bahadur_shah_zafar_ii (127 words)

	bahadur shah zafar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal King of India.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar died in exile in the captivity of the British.
		He was buried there and now there is a shrine in Yangoon, the name of the shrine is Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah and it is located near the Shwe Degon Pagoda at 6 Ziwaka Road, near the intersection with Shwe Degon Pagoda Rd, Yangoon.
	www.kapadia.com /zafar.html (238 words)

	Last_Mughals_of_India_in_Hyderabad
		The main protagonist of the film is the Hyderabad-based Begum Laila Umahani, the direct descendant of Bahadur Shah Zafar from his first wife Ashraf Mahal.
		Zafar's son, Mirza Quaiush, his son Mirza Abdullah followed by his son Mirza Pyare and his daughter, the present Begum Laila Umahani who lives in Hyderabad with her eight grown up children and grandchildren.
		Research confirmed that Mirza Quaiush was the only one among the 22 sons of Bahadur Shah Zafar who managed to escape from the British and flee to Kathmandu.
	www.the-south-asian.com /May2004/last_mughals_of_india_in_hyderabad.htm (1129 words)

	memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Moulana Shah Fakhrudeen (rahmatullahi alaihi) was born in Aurangabad, India in 1715CE (1126AH).
		Hazrat Shah Kalimullah (rahmatullahi alaihi) also imparted the title "Moulana" to the newborn, and foretold that he would be a great scholar and saint.
		Another famous emperor of India, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was a great lover of Moulana Fakhrudeen (rahmatullahi alaihi) and devoted many of his poems to the great saint.
	www.soofie.org.za /memorial/moulana.html (892 words)

	The Hindu : Identity crisis... .the royal kind
		Begum Laila Umahani, said to hail from the family of Bahadur Shah Zafar, is living a life of obscurity with her two sons.
		They talk of Moghuls, their grandeur, the last Moghul Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar and his four wives till the period of what is called India's First War of Independence - the Mutiny of 1857.
		All these not because the children have inclination for history of Moghuls but because their grandmother herself is said to be the last surviving member and direct descendant of Bahadur Shah Zafar and his first wife, Begum Ashraf Mahal.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/mp/2002/09/12/stories/2002091200120300.htm (1189 words)

	In Myanmar, Bahadur Shah Zafar is an emperor-saint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		For 130 years after the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar II, who was made to shuffle all the way to Rangoon after the British put down the revolt of 1857, nobody knew where exactly had the last emperor been buried.
		It was only a decade ago -- in 1991, to be precise -- when the caretakers of the supposed tomb of Bahadur Shah Zafar decided they needed to dig deep to lay the foundation for a new hall.
		Like Bahadur Shah Zafar, Thebaw was banished after Mandalay fell to the British in 1885 and the entire land became a part of the British empire.
	www.indianexpress.com /ie/daily/20010218/iin18008.html (825 words)

	'Bahadur Shah should be given 'Bharat Ratna'- The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An incomparable warrior and a renowned poet, Bahadur Shah fought bravely that took off with the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 against the British rule.
		He was confined in Zafar Mahal in Delhi and exiled to Rangoon in Burma for rigorous imprisonment and death at the age of 87 in November 1862.
		All his 49 children including sons and daughters were slaughtered and he was served with their severed heads to which the emperor quoted: "If I would have hundred sons, I would have got them sacrificed and martyred for the sake of the mother land."
	www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow/msid-885932,curpg-2.cms (141 words)

	Bahadur Shah II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bahadur Shah II [Categories: Mughal empire, Urdu poets]
		It is recalled that Bahadur Shah Zafar II was seen begging in the streets of Rangoon.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was also an (Click link for more info and facts about Urdu poet) Urdu poet of some repute.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/bahadur_shah_ii1.htm (182 words)

	Birjis Qadr - PASTMASTERS
		When Wajid Ali Shah the deposed ruler of Oudh was healing his wounds in exile at Metiabruz near Calcutta about 150 years ago, a fascinating interlude of the country's freedom struggle, which nearly shook the foundations of the British paramountcy in India was taking shape as the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
		The leadership vacuum was then filled by Begum Hazrat Mahal, the heroic consort of Wajid Ali Shah, whose valorous exploits at the crucial time easily made her the Muslim counterpart of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi.
		She rose to the occasion and acting in the capacity of regent, supplied the much-needed symbol of authority by crowning her 14-year-old son, Birjis Qadr, as the king.
	oudh.tripod.com /bq/pastmast.htm (1176 words)

	The Hindu : Timeless revelry, timely message
		Mohammed Shah Rangila is shown running around the palace with his wife running after him with a pichkari.
		Groups of people used to dance around singing Horis and indulging in a lot of fun some time even at the cost of the princes and princesses and that day it was not a punishable act but the one to be rewarded.
		A real colour-riot used to be witnessed when the dancing girls, bedecked with a lot of jewellery on their person, used to go past the ramparts of the Red Fort with the veiled princesses being ecstatic at the sight of the libertinism of Holi songs and the classical dance.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/mp/2002/03/25/stories/2002032500290200.htm (1000 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| South Asia \| Film traces lives of India's Moghuls
		The half-an-hour documentary film traces the family history of the Moghuls after the exile of Bahadur Shah Zafar to Burma in 1857 by the British.
		The film has one English narrative and several interviews of the descendants of Bahadur Shah Zafar in Urdu, which are sub-titled.
		The film narrates how after Bahadur Shah Zafar's exile to Burma in 1857, Mirza Quaiush, who was his only son, managed to escape from the British army and fled to Kathmandu in Nepal.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/2185082.stm (474 words)

	eMalayalee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Kolkata, July 25 (IANS) Sultana Begum lives in penury in a slum in Kolkata's chaotic twin city Howrah, but the frail 52-year-old says she would fight to the finish to protect the Taj Mahal built by the Mughals who she says were her husband's ancestors.
		Sultana Begum, whose late husband Mirza Mohammad Badr Bakht was the great grandson of the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar, says she would even go on a fast-unto-death to ensure that the 17th century monument to love in the city of Agra does not go to the Uttar Pradesh Central Sunni Waqf Board.
		The Waqf Board was also approached by Yaqub Habeebuddin Tucy, whose family also traces its lineage to Bahadur Shah Zafar, to lay his claim to the Taj.
	xmanorama.emalayalee.com /indianews/july_05/25-3.htm (849 words)

	Bahadur Shah II: Court Scene: Mughal Style: Mughal School Of Arts: Indian Paintings: Paintings - Art of Legend India ...
		A talented poet, Bahadur Shah II might also have been a great ruler; but his reign was a tragicomedy of overblown titles and tinsel grandeur.
		Although a puppet of the british most of his reign, in 1857 he was coerced into nominally leading the sepoy Rebellion, which ended with most of his sons shot dead and Bahadur Shah himself put to trial.
		Bahadur Shah was exiled to Burma, where his few remaining years were spent writing sad verse.
	www.artoflegendindia.com /details/PABAA013 (346 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		Shah Abdul Aziz ibn Saud assassinated by a Shia fanatic.
		Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail leaders of Jihad movement in India fell fighting the Sikhs in Balakot.
		Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to Rangoon in Burma.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/history/chronology/century19.html (479 words)

	Philip Nikolayev's Blog - Philip Nikolayev web blogs, Philip Nikolayev blogger in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We should resist the temptation to see Zafar's generally broken-hearted, disillusioned poetry as being connected with, or informed by, this tragic reversal of fate.
		A bulk of [Zafar's] poetry is built around his personal experience of loss, defeat and despair." As a matter of historical fact, however, this widespread opinion is plainly false.
		The pessimisms of Zafar's poetry are not personal but rhetorical and conventional: they stem from the traditional tropes of Urdu poetry.
	www.sulekha.com /column.asp?cid=99489 (773 words)

	Coinage -- Mughal Coinage
		Sher Shah issued a coin of silver which was termed the Rupiya.
		The early years of Shah Jehan's reign brought forth a large variety of types; coin design was standardised towards the latter part of his reign.
		He did away with the Kalima, the Islamic Article of Faith from his coins, and the format of coins was standardised to incorporate the name of the ruler, the mint and the date of issue.
	www.rbi.org.in /currency/museum/c-mogul.html (340 words)

	In The Twilight Of the Mogul Rule (When Bahadur Shah Zafar still wrote his poems) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This was the background for the sadness of the Sultan, Bahadur Shah Zafar.
		The distinguishing element in Bahadur Shah's poems is the elevating tone against English injustice and that in spite of his Islamic upbringing, quite unlike comparable traits in men like Jahangir (who slaughtered Guru Arjan Dev), Shahjehan and of course Alamgir Aurangzeb (the killer of Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh and his two very young sons).
		In the case of Bahadur Shah, he was to die in isolation in a land of the Buddha, Burma (now Myanmar) in intense boredom and complaint against own fate.
	www.swordoftruth.com /swordoftruth/archives/oldarchives/ittotmr.html (986 words)

	Zafar's Poems and the Angst of Humanity by Gaurang Bhatt, MD
		Zafar's Poems and the Angst of Humanity by Gaurang Bhatt, MD Home
		Zafar deserves a meritorious mention for having channeled his frustrations and failures into some of the most poignant pieces of poetry, to match the deep truths and analysis of human existence, like Shakespeare's works.
		The last Moghul Emperor was mostly a figurehead, denuded of true glory and power and bet his all on the wrong color at the casino of the Indian mutiny of 1857.
	www.boloji.com /rt2/rt137.htm (738 words)

	the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		after the exile of Bahadur Shah Zafar to Burma in 1857 by the British.
		Zafar,- the period which saw the disappearance of the Moghuls from the
		descendants of Bahadur Shah Zafar in Urdu, which are sub-titled.
	www.the-south-asian.com /Sept2002/Coffee-Break2.htm (765 words)

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