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Topic: Bahadur Shah Zafar II

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	Other Mughals by Neria Harish Hebbar, MD
		Bahadur Shah was well in his sixties when he took control of the empire and soon died in 1712.
		A Timur descendent, Nadir shah usurped the throne in Persia and seized Kandahar and Kabul.
		His son Bahadur Shah Zafar II would be the last emperor of Mughals before the British deposed him in 1858 and the Mughal dynasty would officially come to a dishonorable end.
	www.boloji.com /history/015.htm (1087 words)

	MusicalNirvana - Bahadur Shah Zafar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Zafar was the name under which the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II wrote.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was born in Delhi on October 24, 1775.
		Zafar had indeed been their patron as well as student, at least some of his creations are quite distinctive and original.
	www.musicalnirvana.com /ghazal/bahadur_shah_zafar.html (447 words)

	Bahadur Shah Zafar
		Bahadur Shah II, better known as Bahadur Shah 'Zafar', the nineteenth in the line of Babur and the last to hold on his head the Mughal imperial crown, was a weak ruler but a strong patriot.
		Bahadur Shah himself passed most of his time in the company of poets and writers reciting to them his poetry and listening to theirs.
		Bahadur Shah, during India's first war of independence in 1857 was nominated by the freedom-fighters as their Commander-in-Chief.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /product/MP30 (352 words)

	Bahadur Shah II
		Bahadur Shah Zafar in 1858, just after his show trial in Delhi and before his departure for exile in Rangoon.
		He was born on October 24, 1775, and was the son of Akbar Shah II from his Hindu wife Lalbai.
		Bahadur Shah died in exile on November 7, 1862; he was buried near Shwedagon Pagoda, Yangon, at the site that later became known as Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah.
	www.jgames.co.uk /title/Bahadur_Shah_II (929 words)

	Salaam Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Zafar, who succeeded after the death of his father in 1837, was one of the most talented, tolerant and likable of the remarkable Mughal dynasty.
		Zafar was a mystic, poet and calligrapher of great charm and accomplishment, but his achievement was to nourish the talents of India’s greatest love poet, Ghalib, and his rival, Zauq.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar II was born Serajuddin Muhammad and Zafar (‘Victory’) was his Takhalus (pen-name).
	www.salaam.co.uk /knowledge/biography/viewentry.php?id=445 (459 words)

	IndiaPost. The twilight of tolerance
		Zafar was also called the 'King of Delhi', although in reality, it was the British resident who called the shots in the capital of Mughal India.
		Zafar's life and death, as well as the days before and during the uprising in his beloved Delhi, are the subjects of a marvelous new book by William Dalrymple.
		Zafar himself was acknowledged as one, and his expansive worldview admitted all faiths.
	www.indiapost.com /members/story.php?story_id=5849 (1006 words)

	Bahadur Shah II biography - S9.com
		Bahadur Shah II Born: 1775 AD Died: 1862 AD, at 87 years of age.
		Son of Akbar Shah II from his Hindu wife Lalbai.
		Zafar, no matter how smart and witty one may be, he is not a man Who in good times forgot God, and who in anger did not fear Him.
	www.s9.com /Biography/Bahadur-Shah-II (128 words)

	Freeindiamedia.com, Express your impartial, radical, grassroot views on current issues. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		While Zafar occupied the throne for 20 years, until the end of the Mughal empire in 1857, he was contemptuously called the “chessboard king,” in reference to the game’s powerless monarch.
		Zafar was also called the “King of Delhi,” although in reality, it was the British resident who called the shots in the capital of Mughal India.
		According to Dalrymple: “...Zafar declared that in his eyes Hindus and Muslims were equal and that ‘such a jihad is quite impossible, and such an act an act of extreme folly, for the majority of Purbia soldiers were Hindus...
	www.freeindiamedia.com /book_review/20_nov_06.html (1026 words)

	About the Music of Cuba - worldmusic.cc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In October 1627, Shah Jahan, the son of Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Rajput princess Manmati, succeeded to the throne, where he inherited a vast and rich empire in India; and at mid-century this was perhaps the greatest empire in the world.
		Shah Jahan commissioned the famous Taj Mahal (between 1630â“1653), in Agra as a tomb for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died giving birth to their 14th child.
		Between 1636 and 1646, Shah Jahan sent Mughal armies to conquer the Deccan and the lands to the northwest of the empire, beyond the Khyber Pass.
	www.worldmusic.cc /en/music/latin_america/cuba/698.html?title=Mughal (5003 words)

	Books \| The tale of two empires
		The Last Mughal, which traces the brutal destruction of Bahadur Shah Zafar II's Delhi court in the Indian uprising of 1857-8, shows this process - a falling-off from the late-18th century heyday of liberal coexistence described in its predecessor, White Mughals - in fast-forward.
		Zafar's oasis of mangoes and theological debate was, admittedly, more attractive than the forces surrounding it.
		But while Zafar's tale, ending in his exile and death in Rangoon, is moving, Dalrymple's insistence that there are 'clear lessons' to be learnt from his 'peaceful and tolerant attitude to life' is puzzling.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,329606835-99942,00.html (833 words)

	Bahadur Shah Zafar [1775-1862] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bahadur Shah, after the death of his father, was placed on the throne in 1837 when he was little over 60 years of age.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar, like his predecessors, was a weak ruler who came to throne when the British domination over India was strengthening and the Mughal rule was nearing its end.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was obliged to live on British pension, while the reins of real power lay in the hands of the East India Company.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /person.asp?perid=P076 (465 words)

	Bahadur Shah \| Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
		Born in Delhi, Bahadur Shah II, second son of Akbar Shah II (reigned 1806–1837), was the last Mughal emperor of India, reigning over a large part of the Indian subcontinent from 1837 to 1857.
		In 1857, during the so-called Indian Great Mutiny against British colonial rule, the elderly Bahadur Shah became the unwilling leader of the revolt and was used as a figurehead by the mutinous Indian troops.
		When Delhi was recaptured by the British a few months later, Bahadur Shah was exiled to Rangoon in Burma, and his sons were brutally killed by British soldiers after they had surrendered.
	www.bookrags.com /research/bahadur-shah-ema-01 (174 words)

	India's Last Mughal toast of a musical evening
		India's last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar II may have lamented about not getting two yards of land for his burial, but the launch of a book on Zafar resurrected the poet-king and his brilliant court in all its glory.
		Nearly 150 years after his death in exile in Rangoon (now called Yangon), Zafar, the emperor who preferred writing sad mystical poems to the rigours of statecraft, was toasted with ghazals, sufi singing and spirited drinking at the launch of William Dalrymple's "The Last Mughal" (published by Penguin/Viking) Tuesday evening.
		Much like Zafar's court peopled by the intellectual and artistic elite of the time, the musical evening saw an eclectic collection of the glitterati, literati and 15-second celebrities listening in hush as Dalrymple read out the extracts from his book evoking many moods of the emperor who became literally a prisoner in the Red Fort.
	news.webindia123.com /news/Articles/India/20061101/495294.html (412 words)

	The Last Mughal : The Fall of a Dynasty, Delhi, 1857
		Bahadur Shah Zafar II, the last Mughal Emperor, was a mystic, a talented poet, and a skilled calligrapher.
		Then in 1857 Zafar's flourishing capital became the centre of an uprising that reduced his beloved Delhi to a battered, empty ruin.
		The Last Mughal is a portrait of the dazzling Delhi Zafar personified, the story of the last days of the great Mughal capital and its final destruction in the catastrophe of 1857.
	www.easternbookcorporation.com /moreinfo.php?txt_searchstring=12417 (330 words)

	Shah Alam II [1728-1806] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Emperor Shah Alam was an ornamental figurehead with the reigns of government actually under the control of his Wazir, Ghazi-ud-Din.
		During the reign of Alamgir II in 1758, the Marhattas had occupied Lahore and deposed Timur Shah who had been appointed a year earlier as viceroy by his father, Ahmad Shah Abdali.
		Shah Alam, after his unsuccessful effort to defeat the British in the Battle of Buxar in 1764, was taken in as the prisoner and did not return to Delhi till 1772.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /person.asp?perid=P071 (474 words)

	bahadur shah zafar
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal King of India.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar died in exile in the captivity of the British.
		He was buried there and now there is a shrine in Yangoon, the name of the shrine is Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah and it is located near the Shwe Degon Pagoda at 6 Ziwaka Road, near the intersection with Shwe Degon Pagoda Rd, Yangoon.
	www.kapadia.com /zafar.html (238 words)

	SPECIAL EDITION
		For 130 years after the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar II, who was made to shuffle all the way to Rangoon after the British put down the revolt of 1857, nobody knew where exactly had the last emperor been buried.
		It was only a decade ago -- in 1991, to be precise -- when the caretakers of the supposed tomb of Bahadur Shah Zafar decided they needed to dig deep to lay the foundation for a new hall.
		Like Bahadur Shah Zafar, Thebaw was banished after Mandalay fell to the British in 1885 and the entire land became a part of the British empire.
	www.rebound88.net /sp/ngb/sindia11.html (796 words)

	The Last Mughal - Books From Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar And The Fall Of Delhi, 1857
		As the British Commissioner in charge insisted, 'No vestige should remain to distinguish where the last of the Great Moghuls rests.' Bahadur Shah Zafar II, the last Mughal Emperor, was a mystic, a talented poet, and a skilled calligrapher.
		The Siege of Delhi was the Raj's Stalingrad: a fight to the death between two powers, neither of whom could retreat."The Last Mughal" is a portrait of the dazzling Delhi Zafar personified, the story of the last days of the great Mughal capital and its final destruction in the catastrophe of 1857.
	www.booksfromscotland.com /Books/The-Last-Mughal-074758639X (337 words)

	Philip Nikolayev's Blog : Bahadur Shah Zafar, Philip Nikolayev blogs on sulekha, Poetry blogs, Philip Nikolayev blog ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		We should resist the temptation to see Zafar's generally broken-hearted, disillusioned poetry as being connected with, or informed by, this tragic reversal of fate.
		A bulk of [Zafar's] poetry is built around his personal experience of loss, defeat and despair." As a matter of historical fact, however, this widespread opinion is plainly false.
		The pessimisms of Zafar's poetry are not personal but rhetorical and conventional: they stem from the traditional tropes of Urdu poetry.
	philip-nikolayev.sulekha.com /blog/post/1999/07/bahadur-shah-zafar.htm (778 words)

	Bahadur Shah II: Court Scene: Mughal Style: Mughal School Of Arts: Indian Paintings: Paintings - Art of Legend India ...
		A talented poet, Bahadur Shah II might also have been a great ruler; but his reign was a tragicomedy of overblown titles and tinsel grandeur.
		Although a puppet of the british most of his reign, in 1857 he was coerced into nominally leading the sepoy Rebellion, which ended with most of his sons shot dead and Bahadur Shah himself put to trial.
		Bahadur Shah was exiled to Burma, where his few remaining years were spent writing sad verse.
	www.artoflegendindia.com /details/PABAA013 (362 words)

	bahadur shah zafar
		This State Cap is reputed to have belonged to the last Mughal King of Delhi, Bahadur Shah Zafar, II (1775-1862) who was a descendant of the Mughal Dynasty.
		King Zafar succeeded to the throne of Delhi in 1837 but was imprisoned by the British after the 1857 revolution.
		The cap was presented to the Museum in 1898 and was recently rediscovered through the mapping project.
	www.kapadia.com /itemsrelating/StateCap.html (174 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Directly descended from Genghis Khan and Timur of Akbar and Shah Jahan, his Mughal ancestors had had control most of India, but Zafar, late to the throne, was king in name only.
		That he was drained of power by the East India Company and in his mid-sixties when he ascended did not stop him leading a cultural renaissance from his beloved capital Delhi.
		In 1857 Zafar gave his blessing to a rebellion growing within the Company’s own troops which transformed into the largest uprising the British Empire ever faced - and neither power could retreat.
	www.stanfords.co.uk /text-only/stock/the-last-mughal-149715 (207 words)

	Bhadur Shah Zafar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		afar (1775-1862) was the name under which the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II wrote.
		He succeeded to the throne of Delhi in 1837, was deposed in 1858, and died in exile in Burma in 1862.
		He was skilled in calligraphy and himself wrote out passages from the Quran for the important mosques of Delhi.
	www.indiaheritage.org /creative/litra/zafar.htm (150 words)

	Musical Nirvana - Historical Development of Indian Classical Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Akbar's son Jahangir(1605-1627) and grandson Shah Jahan(1627-1658) were both great patrons of art and music flourished under their rule.
		The last emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar II (1837-1857) was a great patron of music and literature.
		With the defeat of Indian kings in the first was of independence, the emperor was exiled to Rangoon bringing an end to the Mughal empire and 650 years of Muslim rule in Delhi.
	www.musicalnirvana.com /introduction/medieval_history2.html (1375 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Metro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Dalrymple is in love with Zafar, considered effete and weak by history.
		He spoke of the artistic brilliance of Zafar’s court and era, peopled by calligraphers, poets, sufi saints — Zafar himself was a bit of all these.
		His end as an exile in Rangoon as a poor, senile man was tragic, but there was always something faraway and poignant about the last emperor’s eyes, even when he was young and robust.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1061116/asp/calcutta/story_7001751.asp (303 words)

	Amazon.com: "Bahadur Shah": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the south Bahadur Shah, ruler of the prosperous maritime state of Gujarat, challenged Humayun by seizing control of the Sultanate of Malwa.
		1806) and his successors, Akbar Shah (ruled 1806-37) and Bahadur Shah (ruled 1837- 57), continued to assert that the Company, although clearly in temporary political control, was nevertheless still the Emperor's...
		Bahadur Shah was then the ruler of Gujarat.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Bahadur-Shah (616 words)

	The Indian Mutiny: "A Nationalist Revolt?" - All Empires
		In Delhi, the rebels demanded that the Mogul Shah, Bahadur Shah Zafar II, reclaim his throne and become the leader of the rebellion.
		However, I feel that a factor of the rebellion, which exceeded nationalism in importance, was religion.
		The mutiny was in large part led by religious leaders, such as Ahmedullah Shah, who called for a Jihad against the British.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=indian_mutiny_revolt (1029 words)

	Akbar II deutsch Akbar II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Find Akbar II Shop and compare great deals on Akbar II and other related products at MonsterMarketplace.
		Akbar Shah II (1760 – 1837), also known as Mirza Akbar, was the second-to-last of the Mughal emperors of India.
		He was the second son of Shah Alam and the father of Bahadur Shah Zafar II.
	www.find-ask.com /Encyclopedia/Akbar_II/Akbar_II.html (322 words)

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