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	Joint Jewish and Islamic Philosophies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pupil, Wasil ibn Atha, who was expelled from the school because his answers were contrary to tradition, proclaimed himself leader of a new school, and systematized all the radical opinions of preceding sects, particularly those of the Kadarites.
		The two leading philosophers of the period are Ibn Gabirol (Avicebron) and Bahya ibn Pakuda — the former standing upon a purely philosophical platform, the latter upon a religio-philosophical one; and both attaining similar results.
		Ibn Roshd (Averroes), the contemporary of Maimonides, closes the philosophical era of the Arabs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joint_Jewish_and_Islamic_Philosophies (2356 words)

	Bahya ibn Paquda
		Bahya ibn Paquda (also: Pakuda) Full name: Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda was a Jewish philosopher and rabbi who lived at Saragossa, Spain, in the first half of the eleventh century.
		Bahya says in the introduction to Duties of the Heart that he wished to fill a great need in Jewish literature; he felt that neither the rabbis of the Talmud nor subseuqent rabbis adequately brought all the ethical teachings of Judaism into a coherent system.
		Bahya felt that many Jews paid attention only to the outward observance of Jewish law, "the duties to be performed by the parts of the body" ("Hovot ha-evarim"), without regard to the inner ideas and sentiments that should be embodied in this way of life, "the duties of the heart" ("Hovot ha-lev").
	www.publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/b/ba/bahya_ibn_paquda.html (477 words)

	Bahya ibn Paquda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ibn Paquda was a rabbi and philosopher who lived at Saragossa, Spain, in the first half of the eleventh century.
		Bahya therefore felt impelled to make an attempt to present the Jewish faith as being essentially a great spiritual truth founded on Reason, Revelation (the written Law), and Tradition, all stress being at the same time laid on the willingness and the joyful readiness of the God-loving heart to perform life's duties.
		From the style of his writings and the frequent and apt illustrations he uses, it appears more than probable that Bahya was a preacher of rich experience; while his great personality-a soul full of the utmost piety coupled with touching humility and a spirit of tolerance-shines through every line.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/b/ba/bahya_ibn_paquda.html (378 words)

	BAHYA BEN JOSEPH IBN PAKUDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		BAHYA BEN JOSEPH IBN PAKUDA (Bahya ibn Paquda)—a theologian and philosopher of the ninth century.
		Bahya showed God’s unity and demonstrated his existence as the first cause who can be known only after what he created.
		Bahya was the author of the work Kitab al-hidayah ila fara’id al-qulub (On the duties of the heart) written in Arabic between 1080 and 1090 (ed.
	republika.pl /peenef2/angielski/hasla/b/bahya.html (502 words)

	Bahya ben Joseph Ibn Padudah ZT"L (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Little is known of the personal life of Bahya [Bechaye] (Yosef Ibn Padudah), except that he was a dayyan (judge at the rabbinical court) in Saragossa toward the end of the eleventh century.
		Bahya regarded the soul elevated toward God and liberated from the shackles of earthly existence as evidence of purification, communion with God as the ultimate goal.
		Ibn Pakuda offers proof of God's existence, addresses the Jew's place in the great multitudinousness of the universe, confronts power and subservience, explores the restoration of true health and vitality, and reveals the primal oscillation of the soul alternately toward and away from God.
	isfsp.org /sages/bahya.html (2215 words)

	Islam and Judaism
		Ibn Waḍah, who wrote about 880, had an excellent knowledge of the Scriptures, as also, of parts at least, had Ibn Ḳutaibah, who died in 889.
		Ibn Ḥazm is distinguished in Moslem history for having applied to theology the principles of literal interpretation already used by the Zahirites in canon law, and for the remorseless vigor and rigor with which he carried on his polemics.
		During his term of power the scholar Moses ben Enoch was appointed rabbi of Cordova, and as a consequence Spain became the center of Talmudic study, and Cordova the meeting-place of Jewish savants.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/is/Islam_and_Judaism.html (5025 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Daily Life: The Words are Only a Way
		The words of prayers are like the husk covering grain [, wrote Bahya], and reflection on their meaning is like the kernel.
		If we merely utter the words of prayers while thinking about matters other than prayer, it is like a body without a spirit, a husk without a kernel; the body is present but the heart is absent.
		Bahya wrote that, of such people, Scripture says: "This people has drawn near to me with its mouth, and honors Me with its lips, but has kept its heart far from Me" (Isaiah 29:13).
	www.myjewishlearning.com /daily_life/Prayer/Prayer_Th_and_Th/Words_Only_a_Way.htm (359 words)

	Ellen Bernstein - The Splendor of Creation - Book Introduction
		Today, as I write, the words of Rabbi Bahya ibn Pakuda, an eleventh-century Jewish philosopher, ring in my ears: "Meditation on creation is obligatory," he said.
		Today, as I write, the words of Rabbi Bahya ibn Pakuda, an eleventh-century Jewish philosopher, It is the pleasure and the work of each generation to bring the Bible to life.
		Bahya Ibn Pakuda, Duties of the Heart, trans.
	www.ellenbernstein.org /intro_three.htm (659 words)

	Merton Center Occasional Papers
		Bahya's treatise, which became one of the more widely read medieval pietistic texts in Judaism and one of the first Hebrew books ever to be printed, reconfigured Jewish pietism by integrating Islamic modes of worship and spirituality.
		The life of Bahya ibn Pakuda remains a mystery to scholars It is likely that he lived during the second half of the eleventh century, although his precise place of residence remains unknown.
		Ibn Tibbon, often replaces the Islamic citation with a verse from scripture and, in at least one case, deleted the entire citation.
	www.merton.org /papers/liberation.htm (6130 words)

	Jewish philosophy : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		Bahya ibn Pakuda (early twelfth century) wrote as a pietist philosopher.
		Besides his work in the Ishraqi or Illuminationist tradition of theosophy, laid out in commentary on the Muslim philosopher Ibn Sina (Avicenna), he wrote a distinctively dispassionate study of comparative religions, favouring Judaism but fairly and unpolemically presenting the Christian and Muslim alternatives.
		Deeply influenced by Moses Maimonides and Abraham ibn Ezra and by Neoplatonic and astrological ideas, he sought to balance the practical with the intellectual aspects of the Torah.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/J066#J066P3.1 (3145 words)

	Ibn Pakuda: The Book of Direction to the Duties of the Heart
		Ibn Pakuda: The Book of Direction to the Duties of the Heart
		In the book Bahya investigates the motivation of Jewish practice and embarks on a philosophical enquiry into the nature of God, religion, and man. He was very much influenced by the Neoplatonism of his age, as well as by the Muslim mystics.
		This edition by Menahem Mansoor is the first translation of the work from the original Arabic text, and this shows a number of variations from the Hebrew version.
	www.littman.co.uk /cat/ibnpakuda.html (186 words)

	Annotations to Synagoga Judaica
		Abraham ibn Ezra (1093-1167) was a Spanish poet and exegete.
		Bechai, as previously mentioned, is the famed Spanish philosopher Bahya ibn Pakuda (late eleventh century) author of the classic "Duties of the Heart." This is yet another indication of Buxtorf's astonishing familiarity with the vast, and difficult, rabbinic literature.
		Shevet Yehudah by Solomon ibn Verga is considered to be one of the outstanding works of the Hebrew literature of the Renaissance, dealing with the persecutions of the Jews.
	www.uwm.edu /~corre/buxdorf/notes.html (9694 words)

	Mercaz Shiluv
		Bahya ibn Pakuda raises a fascinating question about this verse.
		Bahya answers his own question by saying that Isaac and Rebekah wanted him to marry Leah and return immediately, but he was attracted to Rachel's beauty.
		All the time he stayed in Aram, says Bahya, was because of his own lust for Rachel, and thus he was punished for not heeding his parent's desires.
	www.shiluv.org /en/parasha_toldot.htm (749 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Cedars of Lebanon: Duties of the Heart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		...His major work, Hovot Halevavot (Duties of the Heart), originally written in Arabic and translated into Hebrew by Judah ibn Tibbon, became one of the most popular of T H E avenues which the Creator has opened for the knowledge of His law and religion are three...
		...Famous among those who explored this opposition of act and intention was Bahya ibn Pakuda, who lived in Spain sometime between the middle of the 11th and the early 12th century...
		...In it, ibn Pakuda places himself squarely on the side of those who emphasize moral intention as the essence...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V24I2P74-1.htm (2164 words)

	Important.ca, Judaism and Islam. Comparisons, Similarity
		In the second century of the Hegira, a schism arose in the theological schools of Bassora.
		In fact, the attacks directed against the philosophers by Gazzali in his work, The Destruction of the Philosophers, not only produced, by reaction, a current favorable to philosophy, but induced the philosophers themselves to profit by his criticism, they thereafter making their theories clearer and their logic closer.
		The Jewish commentator, Abraham ibn Ezra, explains the Biblical account of Creation and other Scriptural passages in a philosophical sense.
	www.important.ca /judaism_islam_comparison.html (3344 words)

	Tom Block (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		[vii] Ibn Sina (980-1037 C.E.), often known by his Latinized name of “Avicenna,” was, like Maimonides, a philosopher and physician who was forced by events to live the life of a nomad for a certain period.
		[xii] On the Lookout: A Sufi Riddle in Sulami, Qushayri and Bahya Ibn Pakuda, Lobel, pg.
		On the Lookout: A Sufi Riddle in Sulami, Qushayri and Bahya Ibn Pakuda (manuscript)
	www.tomblock.com /mmaim.htm (3590 words)

	Adventures in Philosophy: A Brief History of Jewish Philosophy
		Select: Bahya ibn Pakuda -- Judah Helevi -- Berachyah
		Little is known of the personal life of Bahya (ben Joseph Ibn Padudah Bahya), except that he was a dayyan (judge at the rabbinical court) in Saragossa toward the end of the eleventh century.
		Here, he developed the ideas of Saadia, Bahya Ibn Pakuda, and Solomon Ibn Gabirol.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphiljewish2.htm (1673 words)

	Path of the Soul #2: How Much Space Do You Take?
		Rabbi Bahya ibn Paquda wrote the classic Mussar text The Duties of the Heart (in Hebrew Hovot ha-levavot) in Spain in 1080.
		We began with the teaching of Rabbi Bahya ibn Pakuda that humility is the root of all the other virtues.
		The three contemplations from Rabbi Pakuda is a good way to see the "big picture" of who we are.
	www.aish.com /spirituality/growth/Path_of_the_Soul_2__How_Much_Space_Do_You_Take$.asp (1933 words)

	Josh Yuter's Notes - Readings in Kabbalistic Prayer
		Bahya (see handout) will hold there are two types of mitzvoth 1) of the limbs and 2) of the heart.
		Azriel is bothered by the gemara problems and works through how this thought fits the gemara.
		Ibn Sina – Avicenna à will be developed by Suhawarbi à Ibn Arabi (don’t know connection in Jewish world).
	yucs.org /~jyuter/notes/kabbalisticprayer.html (10103 words)

	VBM Torah Studies
		Emotions can be subjected to the scrutiny of our moral consciousness, examined and evaluated as to whether they are worthy and dignified ones which enrich, redeem and exalt man's life.
		Bahya ibn Pakuda wrote a famous book called Hovot ha-Levavot, in which he discriminates between hovot ha-evarim, the duties of our limbs, and hovot ha-levavot, the duties of the heart.
		Ibn Ezra wants to show that emotions are guided by human reason.
	www.vbm-torah.org /3weeks/av64-rjbs.htm (6584 words)

	Bibliografías de temas judaicos
		The Astrological works of Abraham ibn Ezra; a literary and linguistic Study with special Referemce to the old French Translation of Hagin.
		BANETH, D. "The Common Theological Source of Bahya ibn Pakuda and Ghazzali".
		BLOMBERG, A. "Ethical Doctrins in the Religionsphilosophies of Abraham bar Hiyya, Yosef ibn Saddiq and Abraham ibn Daud" (hebr.).
	www.angelfire.com /md2/aeehj/bibliofl.htm (853 words)

	Touro College - Graduate School of Jewish Studies: Course Descriptions
		Topics include: the place of the derashah within the synagogue service; its impact on Jewish society; the derashah as a vehicle for intellectual, social, and religious change; the inner structure of the derashah; aggadah and halakhah, philosophy and kabbalah within the medieval sermon; method and style in derashah literature.
		Authors studied include Maimonides, R. Bahya ibn Pakuda, R. Judah the Pious, R. Jonah Gerondi, R. Moses Luzzatto, and R. Israel Salanter.
		Among the rabbinic positions discussed will be those of: R. Saadya Gaon, R. Bahya ibn Pakuda, Maimonides, R. Judah Halevi, R. Hasdai Crescas, Nahmanides, and the Maharal of Prague.
	www.touro.edu /judagrad/course.asp (2385 words)

	[No title]
		Translation movement from Arabic to Hebrew, Samuel Ibn Tibbon and Shem Tov.
		Philosophers include Gersonides, Joseph ibn Kaspi, and Moses of Narbonne, 15th cent.
		Ethics: Bahya ibn Pakuda (Spain, 11th-12th cent.), Duties of the Heart), the Ashkenzaic Pietists Sefer Hasidim c.
	www.philosophy.umd.edu /people/faculty/manekin_charles/jewlit.doc (729 words)

	Bridges for Peace - Wisdom of the Fathers Part 2
		The word, “Ibn,” is Arabic for son, which is the equivalent to “Ben” in Hebrew, as found in names like Ben Yehudah and Ben Gurion.
		Most of what I have chosen to present are instructions to their children, which is wisdom we can all use.
		Rabbi Bahya Ibn Pakuda lived in the eleventh century in Spain and was the most popular Jewish philosopher of the Middle Ages.
	www.bridgesforpeace.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1905 (4265 words)

	HaDavar Online: Anti-Missionary Arguments
		Saadya (HaGaon) is willing to attribute to God the attributes of Life, Power, and Wisdom.
		Bahya ibn Pakuda distinguishes between what he terms 'essential' and 'active' attributes.
		The first are three in number: Existing, One, and Eternal.
	www.hadavar.org /additional-obj-2-2.html (672 words)

	Table of Contents
		In this enlightening study, a noted scholar elucidates the distinguishing characteristics of the works of several Jewish thinkers of the Middle Ages.
		In addition to summaries of the main arguments and teachings of Moses Maimonides, Isaac Israeli, Judah Halevi, Abraham Ibn Daud, Hillel ben Samuel, Levi ben Gerson, Joseph Albo, and many others, the author offers insightful analyses and commentary.
		Of particular value to beginners, this volume is also an ever-relevant resource for many issues of scholarly debate.
	www.doverpublications.com /cgi-bin/toc.pl/0486422372 (96 words)

	j. - Spiritual agoraphobia perpetuates a shallow Judaism
		The Talmud was enriched by Greek language and wisdom (the Jerusalem Talmud cites Rabbi Akiva as explicitly permitting the reading of Homer, whose poetry can hardly be said to enshrine Jewish values).
		Kabbalah was deepened by Sufi mysticism, as acknowledged by such unimpeachable authorities as Bahya Ibn Pakuda and Abraham, the son of Maimonides.
		Medieval Jewish poets, including among the most pious and learned like Yehuda Halevy, wrote elegant poems in imitation of their Islamic contemporaries on the topics of "wine, women and death." On the testimony of his own children, the Vilna Gaon, the greatest rabbinic mind of the modern age, "mastered the seven branches of secular learning."
	www.jewishsf.com /content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/19334/edition_id/391/format/html/displaystory.html (855 words)

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