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Topic: Baibars

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		His first master, the emir (prince) of Hama, was suspicious of Baibars because of his unusual appearance (he was gigantically tall, blue eyed and with an odd white spot in one of his eyes).
		Baibars was quickly sold to a Mamluk officer and sent to Egypt, where he became a bodyguard to the Ayyubid ruler As-Salih Ayyub.
		Baibars figures prominently in the story "The Sowers of the Thunder" by Robert E. Howard.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Baybars (814 words)

	Baibars - Biocrawler
		Baibars was born a Kipchak Turk in the city of Solhat in Crimea.
		Baibars was a popular ruler in his time and after his death.
		He took final control by killing Sayf al Din Qutuz, but it was he who led the Mamluk forces in the most important battle of the Middle Periods, repelling a diminished Mongol force at the legendary battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Baibars (667 words)

	Baibars Information
		His first master, the emir (prince) of Hama, was superstitious of Baibars because of his unusual appearance (he was gigantically tall, with golden light blond hair, and an odd white spot in one of his blue eyes).
		Baibars was very sensitive about being sold very cheaply as a slave as he was blind in one eye, and when he ruled Egypt wise men did not mention this in public.
		Baibars was also known for going about Cairo in disguise to ask people's opinions about current events.
	www.bookrags.com /Baibars (867 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Baibars swore revenge for this, and was raiding as far as the port of Saint Symeon by 1262.
		Everywhere he went Baibars slaughtered the Christians if they resisted, and either killed or sold into slavery everyone in the military orders, for he understood that the Templars and Hospitallers were his most dangerous enemies.
		Baibars had captured many key cities and fortresses, so he may have felt that he could finish the job later.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/islam.html (6267 words)

	Baibars - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Baibars was quickly sold to a Mamluk officer and sent to Egypt, where he became a bodyguard to the Ayyubid ruler As-Salih Ayyub.
		Baibars was very sensitive about being sold very cheaply as a slave as he was blind in one eye, and when he ruled Egypt wise men did not mention this in public.
		Baibars then fought the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, who were by this time subjects of the Mongols.
	baibars.quickseek.com (816 words)

	Baibars
		Rukn ad-Din Baibars Bundukdari (died July 1, 1277) was a Mameluk sultan of Egypt in the 13th century.
		Baibars was a commander of the Mameluks in Egypt around 1250, when he defeated the Seventh Crusade of Louis IX of France.
		Baibars then fought with the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, who were by this time subjects of the Mongols.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/b/ba/baibars.html (311 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Baibars
		or Baibars (born 1223, north of the Black Sea—died July 1, 1277, Damascus, Syria) Most eminent sultan of the Mamluk dynasty.
		It finally fell to Baibars, which was no indignity, since it was also Baibars who turned back the Mongol hordes who had...
		The Mameluke ruler Baibars added a dome and the tower, which was completed in 1318.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Baibars (549 words)

	Syria Gate - About Syria - Homs - Krak Des Chevaliers
		After that the Krak was kept in the hands of the crusaders, although it was damaged by a couple of earthquakes, and was rebuilt in its final form in the 13th century.
		It only fell to the Mameluke Sultan Baibars who resorted to a trick in which he forged a letter supposedly from the Crusader commander in Tripoli that said that they should surrender, and so the greatest fortress in the world fell.
		There is a small chapel to the east of the entrance that was transformed into a mosque by Baibars, and of that mosque remains a mihrab and three minbars.
	www.syriagate.com /Syria/about/cities/Homs/krakdeschevalier.htm (668 words)

	✓ Baibars - Versorgungszentrum-Bochum.de - Versorgungszentrumbochum
		Baibars I. Baibars al-Bunduqdari / Baybar (* 1233, Sultan seit 1260, â 1277) war ein Mamlucke, der zum Sultan Ãgyptens und Syriens aufstieg.
		Baibars und Aktai terrorisierten die BevÃ¶lkerung Kairos, bis Izzadin Aybak den Aktai tÃ¶tete und Baibars vertrieb (1254).
		Baibars ermordete kurz nach Sultan Qutuz und setzte sich an seine Stelle.
	versorgungszentrum-bochum.de /index.php/Baibars (662 words)

	Wikinfo \| Mamluks (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Baibars, one of the leaders at the battle, became the new sultan after assassinating Sultan Qutuz on the way home.
		In 1250 Baibars had led a successful attack against the Christian knights of Louis IX of France, whom he had captured and ransomed.
		Baibars preferred to purchase his new slave recruits from the Tatars.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Mameluks (896 words)

	Armenian history, Mongol history, Georgian history, Turkish history, Cilicia
		Now Baibars was [old and] bearded and had a poor horse, whereas Sghur was young and riding a good horse.
		Het'um's treaty with Baibars; Lord Yakovb, kat'oghikos of the Armenians; the return of Lewon from captivity; the joy of Het'um, his abdication from the throne, his living in solitude and his death; and the death of Dawit' king of the Georgians.
		Baibars, Sultan of Egypt, though he was a Tachik, nonetheless had a good heart and humility.
	rbedrosian.com /ga3.htm (3590 words)

	al Malik al Zahir Ruk al Din Baibars al Bunduqdari...
		Baibars was born a Kipchak Kipchak Turk Turk north of the Black Sea Black Sea.
		Baibars then fought the Seljuk Turks Seljuk Turks in Anatolia Anatolia, who were by this time subjects of the Mongols.
		Baibars was a remarkable man, able to rise from slave to commander to Sultan.
	www.biodatabase.de /Baibars (639 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 1270s - Calendar Encyclopedia
		The sultan Baibars was successful in expanding his territory as far north as the Sultanate of Rüm in Anatolia, east into Syria, and south into Makurian Nubia.
		After Baibars died in 1277, his successor Qalawun continued expansionist policies.
		1272 - Baibars invades the weakening kingdom of Makuria to the south.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /1270s.htm (2776 words)

	Karak Qalaat Al Husn The Syrian Honorary Consulate Community Centre Toronto Canada
		After that the Krak was kept in the hands of the crusaders, although it was damaged by a couple of earthquakes, and was rebuilt in its final form in the 13th century.
		It only fell to the Mameluke Sultan Baibars who resorted to a trick in which he forged a letter supposedly from the Crusader commander in Tripoli that said that they should surrender, and so the greatest fortress in the world fell.
		There is a small chapel to the east of the entrance that was transformed into a mosque by Baibars, and of that mosque remains a mihrab and three minbars.
	www.syriatoday.ca /krak.htm (659 words)

	StrategyPage.com - Military Book Reviews
		Baibars had withdrawn with a group of supporters to Syria from where he had been launching raids on Egypt.
		After Aleppo was retaken, Baibars suggested that he be given the emirate of the region as recognition of his contributions.
		When the army entered Cairo, Baibars rode at their head as Sultan - destined to be the greatest of all Mamluk warriors.
	www.strategypage.com /articles/default.asp?target=mongol.htm (6525 words)

	Antioch
		The city remained in Crusader hands for the better part of the 12th and 13th centuries, until it was finally captured by the Mamluk Sultan Baibars[?] in 1268.
		Baibars destruction of the city was so great that it was never a major city again, with much of its former role falling to the port city of Alexandretta (Iskenderun).
		Several other cities within the Seleucid empire were also named Antioch, most of them founded by Seleucus I Nicator.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/an/Antiochia.html (324 words)

	Mongol Battles - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		Baibars' troops met and engaged triumphantly a small Mongol detachement.
		Baibars in one masterful stroke of murder and survival of the fittist, stabbed him to death.
		It would be Baibars who entered Egypt at the head of the victorious Mamluk army.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=72996 (2296 words)

	Mameluks
		Through all this period all the way to 1800’s, they continued to increase their numbers by purchasing more slave soldiers.
		1260 Baibars I[?] became the new sultan, apparently by assassination.
		In 1250 he had lead a successful attack against the Christian knights of Louis IX of France, captured and ransomed him.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mamluk.html (652 words)

	TEMPLAR OF THE MONTH
		He had impeccable connections, as he was the cousin of Louis IX (St. Louis) and Charles of Anjou, both the most powerful of the European lords that could influence a crusade.
		Because of this network, de Beaujeu learned of the death of the sultan Baibars, killed when he invited a rival named al-Qahir, a descendant of Saladin, to a dinner party.
		Baibars inadvertently poisoned himself, and died on the evening of 1 July, 1277.
	members.tripod.com /DeTyre/Articles/DBJ.html (2261 words)

	The Assassins in Syria: 1170-1326 CE -- A Chronology & Notes
		Baibars then caused Shams al-Din and all his suite to be arrested and sent back to Egypt.
		There are some suggestions that the Mamelukes may have used the Assassins’ daggers as a foreign policy weapon of their own for a time, accounting for the the murder of Philip of Montfort in Tyre in 1270 and the wounding of Prince Edward of England in 1271 or 1272.
		In this year the Sultan Mohammed, Baibars’ son, is said to have sent thirty Assassins from Maysaf to Persia to assassinate Qara Sonqor, the emir of Tabriz, but at least three attempts failed.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/464475 (3242 words)

	Krak des chevaliers
		The tower on the south-west angle, the most prominent and highest was probably destroyed during the siege and was rebuilt later by Baibars.
		The south side, the most vulnerable, is raised in the center by a high massive square tower built in 1285 by the Mamluke sultan Qalaoun, the successor of Baibars.
		The east side, the shortest, is protected by a huge round barbican, which was reconstructed after an earthquake inserting blocks of rock quarried from the ditch.
	www.alwadihotel.com /cities/cities8.htm (877 words)

	Ninth Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The primary cause of the crusade was the defeat of the Mongol armies by the Mamluks in 1260 at the Battle of Ain Jalut by Qutuz and his general Baibars.
		As Sultan, Baibars proceeded to attack the Christian crusaders in Arsuf, Athlith, Haifa, Safad, Jaffa, Ashkalon, and Caesarea.
		In 1268 Baibars captured Antioch, the last remnant of the Principality of Antioch, and killed or enslaved the population, thereby securing the Mamluk northern front and threatening the Crusader County of Tripoli.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ninth_Crusade (1204 words)

	Battle of La Forbie (1244 AD)
		The forces of the Egyptian Sultan were commanded by Baibars who had been a soldier in the ranks of the Mamluks.
		Needless to say, he was already a notable warrior in 1244 AD, having risen from comparative obscurity to full command of the forces of the Ayyub army.
		Baibars forces had as their core a large body of some 6,000 Mamluk Cavalry, elite troops armoured and mounted on large horses in the main.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/laforbie.html (661 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Living \| Interceding for change (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All women have to do is dial the ombudsman's number and report their problems.
		Baibars believes that the majority of complaints will relate to poverty, incest, unemployment, health and legal matters.
		The office will also be attempting to increase employment opportunities, and development officials anticipate that its sphere of activities will also extend to the provision of small loans or grants as well as assistance with setting up small businesses.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/564/li1.htm (881 words)

	Baibars I. - Definition, explanation
		Baibars al-Bunduqdari / Baybar (* 1233, Sultan seit 1260, â 1277) war ein Mamlucke, der zum Sultan Ãgyptens und Syriens aufstieg.
		Baibars und Aktai terrorisierten die BevÃ¶lkerung Kairos, bis Izzadin Aybak den Aktai tÃ¶tete und Baibars vertrieb (1254).
		Baibars war extrem skrupellos und kannte (im Gegensatz zu Saladin) keinerlei Ehr- oder Moralbegriffe.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/ba/baibars_i_.php (497 words)

	Informat.io on Mamelukes
		When the Mongol troops of Hulegu Khan sacked Baghdad and took over Damascus in 1258, one of those who escaped from Damascus was the Mamluk general Baibars.
		When Hulegu demanded that Qutuz surrender Cairo, Qutuz had Hulegu's envoys killed and, with Baibars' help, mobilized his troops.
		Baibars troops also defeated the last of the Crusader states in the Holy Land.
	www.informat.io /?title=Mamelukes (2386 words)

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