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	Lake Baikal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lake Baikal (Russian: О́зеро Байка́л (Ozero Baykal)), a lake in southern Siberia, Russia, between Irkutsk Oblast on the northwest and Buryatia on the southeast, near Irkutsk.
		The world-famous Baikal Seal (Phoca sibirica), the only mammal living in the lake, is found throughout the whole area of the lake.
		The overall impacts of watershed pollution on Baikal and similar watersheds is studied annually by the Tahoe Baikal Institute, an exchange program between the U.S. and Russian and Mongolian scientists and university graduate students started in 1989.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lake_Baikal (688 words)

	SCS: Baikal Seal (Phoca sibirica)
		Hunting of Baikal seals is still carried out in the spring, the official annual kill for 2000 being 3,500 seals, mostly pups, a reduction from the 1999 quota of 6,000 seals.
		The hunting of young seals ("kumutkans") is thought to be the main factor that led to a change in the population structure and a decrease in the reproductive success of the species in the 1980s.
		The seals usually moult on the ice in the late spring but in mild years the ice melts earlier and the seals are forced to complete their moult on shore.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/baikal.htm (1493 words)

	Facts about Baikal
		Baikal's water, long famous for its spiritual and medicinal qualities, is called "living water." Unlike all other deep lakes of the world where the lower depths are dead, asphyxiated by hydrogen sulfide and other gases, Lake Baikal's deep waters are blanketed in fresh oxygen.
		Lake Baikal's ecosystem was greatly altered by the construction of the Irkutsk Dam.
		These tiny crayfish, the Baikal epishura, could be considered the "caretakers" of the lake because the devour the tiny waterweeds and bacteria that cloud the water.
	www.baikal.eastsib.ru /baikalfacts (2270 words)

	Seal,Mammals,Seal Picture,Mammal Pictures,Catalog,Encyclopedia
		The true seals, family Phocidae, are classified with the eared seals (sea lions and fur seals), family Otariidae, and the walruses, family Odobenidae, in the Pinnipedia--the pinnipeds are regarded as either a suborder of the order Carnivora or a separate order.
		The Baikal seal is the only completely freshwater species, but various populations of the ringed seal, P. hispida, and the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, also live in freshwater lakes or rivers.
		Seals range in size from 125 cm to 6.5 m (4 ft to 21 ft) in length and from 90 kg to 3.5 metric tons (200 lb to about 8,000 lb) in weight.
	www.4to40.com /earth/geography/htm/mammalsindex.asp?counter=137 (1331 words)

	Ch19 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Baikal seals are very similar to ringed seals, except for a few aspects of their flippers and coloration.
		Baikal seal pups are born in a whitish lanugo that is shed at 4 to 6 weeks.
		Baikal seals experimentally equipped with tracking instruments generally dived for 10 to 20 minutes, to depths of 50 to 200 m; the deepest dives were to 300 m.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T0725E/t0725e0j.htm (5156 words)

	ipedia.com: Lake Baikal Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lake Baikal), a lake in southern Siberia, Russia, between Irkutsk Oblast on the northwest and Buryatia on the southeast, near Irkutsk.
		Baikal is a young rift lake, the rift widens about 2 centimeters a year.
		The world-famous Baikal Seal(Phoca sibirica), the only mammal living in the lake, is found throughout the whole area of the lake.
	www.ipedia.com /lake_baikal.html (516 words)

	title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Baikal seal is endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia.
		Adult Baikal seals are 1.2-1.4 m in length, and weigh 63-70 kg.
		Baikal seals are legally hunted, and concern has been expressed that a high incidence of struck-and-lost animals has led to substantial under-reporting of hunt related mortality.
	www.pagophilus.org /baikal.html (195 words)

	WWW Irkutsk: Animals and fishes of Lake Baikal
		Almost all Baikal mollusks belong to the basic families of Baikal; they are found in their fossil forms in the lake's deposits that score million years old.
		These insects, which are also known as "metlyak" in the south of Baikal and "lipochan" in the north, fill the air near the shores, and gather in thick masses on the cliffs, stones and trees, and by the water's brim.
		The development of the crustacea in Baikal is most extraordinaryl, especially the amphipods that account for about 300 species in the lake (a third of all the gammarids known in the world!).
	baikal.irkutsk.org /animals.htm (2940 words)

	Baikalo-Lensky Zapovednik
		Baikal seals can dive more than 100 meters into the dark waters of Baikal in search of fish, later climbing onto rocks to warm themselves in the sun.
		Baikalo-Lensky Zapovednik is situated on the northwestern shore of Lake Baikal in the Irkutsk Oblast.
		Lake Baikal itself is relatively warm compared to the frigid waters of glacial lakes in the mountains.
	www.wild-russia.org /bioregion10/10-baikalo.htm (1663 words)

	Creatures - baikal seal - nerpa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This begins around the 15th-25th of April when the seals' dens are broken by the warmer rays of the spring sun.
		If the settlements around Baikal were to be supplied with adequate food and clothes, on the one hand, and on the other, tourists, wishing to see nerpa and bringing in an income, encouraged, it might well be possible to cut the hunting considerably if not to stop it altogether.
		Baikal is completely covered by ice for some 5 months of the year.
	www.baikalwave.eu.org /Oldsitebew/creatures.html (1525 words)

	Lake Baikal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Few lakes can compete with Lake Baikal in terms of (The diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole)) biodiversity.
		The world-famous (Click link for more info and facts about Baikal Seal) Baikal Seal (Phoca sibirica), the only mammal living in the lake, is found throughout the whole area of the lake.
		The overall impacts of watershed pollution on Baikal and similar watersheds is studied annually by the, an exchange program between the U.S. and Russian and Mongolian scientists and university graduate students started in 1989.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/lake_baikal.htm (511 words)

	Nerpa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It can be speculated that they swam up rivers and streams or that possibly Lake Baikal was linked to the ocean at one point as the result of a large body of water formed in a previous ice age.
		(Seal Conservation Society) In the winter, when the lake is frozen over, they maintain a few breathing holes over a given area, and tend to stick to that area, not interfering with the food supplies of a nearby neighbor.
		They do not eat during the time in which they are molting, and often, males especially, in their lethargic state during molting, die of overheating, from lying on the ice too long in the sun.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nerpa (1825 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Baikal Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Many true seals are hunted for their hides.
		Among them is the harbour seal, which lives in northern oceans, is yellowish-white with brown markings,...
		The Baikal seal, known also as the nerpa, is the world’s only freshwater seal....
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Baikal_Seal.html (109 words)

	Seal at exZOOberance!
		Seal muscles also store oxygen, and the spleen, an organ that stores oxygen-rich blood, is exceptionally large in seals, serving as a kind of biological scuba tank.
		The Baikal seal inhabits Lake Baikal in southern Russia, believed to be the deepest lake in the world, and the Caspian seal lives in the vast Caspian Sea in southwestern Asia.
		Even though the hunting of seals is now much less intense than in the past, threats from pollution, especially oil spills, and the accumulation of marine debris such as lost or discarded fishing line and nets still cause many deaths among seals.
	www.exzooberance.com /virtual%20zoo/they%20swim/seal/seal.htm (2652 words)

	The Oddities of Lake Baikal, Alaska Science Forum
		Baikal's surface area, about 34,000 square kilometers (more than 13,000 square miles), ranks seventh among the world's lakes, covering about the same area as the country of Belgium.
		Lake Baikal is at least a thousand times older, and the highend estimates go to 50 million years.
		Baikal seals are irresistibly interesting for many marine mammalogists--in part because they aren't marine.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html (773 words)

	Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida)
		The population is estimated at 10,000-12,000 seals and apparently stable.
		An estimated 40-60% of the seals is not mature (Sipilä, 1991).
		The main interference of humans with the Saimaa seal consists of disturbance (especially by recreational snowmobiles in winter that disturb the pups), pollution and habitat destruction by development on the shores of Lake Saimaa.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/ringseal.htm (1453 words)

	Lake Baikal Blues (washingtonpost.com)
		Baikal is home to 1,500 species, two-thirds of them unique, most lovably the Baikal seal or nerpa, whose presence suggests that this is as much an ocean as a lake.
		But Baikal's cleanliness has been compromised by four decades of pollution from enterprises built on or near its banks, most significantly the Baikalsk Cellulose Combinat, located here on the southern end of the lake and a similar plant nearby on the Selenga River, one of Baikal's principal tributaries.
		A law on Baikal passed by the Duma in Moscow in 1998 bans the burning of coal in power plants around the lake to limit acid rain and air pollution.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A20140-2001Aug16 (1865 words)

	Baikal lake Web World - Baikal seal Nerpa - The Face of Baikal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It boils down to a count of the remains of dens of females with pups diagnosed according to the moulted fur of the new born offspring.
		The only way of maintaining the head of the Baikal nerpa population in its present state is a reasonable (sparing) volume of population reduction by killing which must be based on knowledge of population dynamics and the general bioecological state of the herd.
		Wales, dolphins, and seal have been defined as subtle indicators of pollution by hydrocarbons, the salts of heavy metals and organochlorines, It has been noted that harmful substances increase with age in the animal's organism.
	www.bww.irk.ru /nerpa/nerpabook8.html (1290 words)

	Lake Baikal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Its volume, — 23,000 km³ —, is approximately equal to the total volume of the 5 Great Lakes of North America, or to about 20% of the total fresh water on theearth.
		The world-famous Baikal Seal (Phoca sibirica), the only mammal living in the lake, is found throughout the wholearea of the lake.
		The scenic loop encircling Lake Baikal required 200 bridges and 33 tunnels.At the same time (1896 - 1902) a large hydrogeographical expedition headed by F. Drizhenko produced the first detailed atlas ofthe contours of Baikal's depths.
	www.therfcc.org /lake-baikal-13944.html (449 words)

	Web review: American presidential election on the web: patriotism, gossiping and money...
		Lake Baikal is the most ancient (20 million years old) and deepest (1637m) lake on the globe, containing one fifth of the earth's fresh water.
		A poacher shoots a mother seal coming to the rescue of her pup which was caught in a trap.
		A poacher showing his gruesome trophy: a mother seal shot down after she came to the rescue of her pup caught in a net set in a den-ice and snow covered shelter.
	www.periwork.com /features/Projet.html (2753 words)

	Seals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Seals can be found in all the oceans and a few freshwater lakes, one of which is Lake Baikal in Russia.
		Seals have a torpedo like shape in the water and use their rear flippers to move rapidly to catch prey and escape predators.
		Ringed seals (Phoca hispida), bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), harp seals (Phoca groenlandica), hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), spotted seals (Phoca largha), and ribbon seals (Phoca fasciata) are seal species that live in the Arctic ice packs.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /education/pinnipeds/seals.htm (716 words)

	Baikal lake Web World - Baikal seal Nerpa - The Face of Baikal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Apart from Baikal and the Caspian Sea; nerpa inhabit the seas of cold and temperate belts of all oceans except the Indian.
		There are three methods of determining the age of mammals: according to the yearly segments of claws, dentine (the substance of teeth) and tooth cement.
		One can only tell the age of seals not more than 6 years of age by the claws, as they are very quickly worn down.
	www.bww.irk.ru /nerpa/nerpabook.html (557 words)

	LAKE BAIKAL
		The lake is indeed old: clay samples taken in 1990 show that Lake Baikal is at least 30 million years old, making it the world's oldest lake, while few lakes in the world are more than a mere 30,000 years.
		Lake Baikal is almost 700 kilometers from end to end and its shoreline extends 2,000 kilometers.
		Among these unique flora and fauna are the Baikal seal, believed to be a relative of the Arctic ringed seal, and the omul, a fish considered to be a delicacy in the region.
	archive.greenpeace.org /forests/russia/wheritbaikal.html (363 words)

	Baikal and its Trail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The numbers alone are impressive: Baikal is the world’s oldest and deepest lake (25 million years and more than 1 mile deep).
		Nearly 1,000 miles from the ocean, many of the animals closely resemble salt-water species, such as the Baikal seal (the nerpa), the Omul Salmon and species of sea sponges.
		Baikal is so pristine, its shores nearly untouched by towns and industry.
	www.abroadviewmagazine.com /fall_04/baikail.html (999 words)

	WWW Irkutsk: Animals and fishes of Lake Baikal
		Near the steep shores of Baikal, the coastal areas of the deep-water slope are devoid of flowering plants.
		Among the smallest organisms inhabiting Baikal are the protozoa unicellular organisms: the infusoria, the rhizopods, the flagellums, and the sporoforms.
		The Baikal seals are more graceful, especially the females.
	www.irkutsk.org /baikal/animals.htm (2940 words)

	Lake Baikal Seal Skull Replica
		Lake Baikal Seal Skull - Baikal seals are endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia and is the only seal restricted to fresh water.
		Baikal seals are carnivores primarily eating noncommercial fish species.
		Baikal seals are solitary animals, but several seals may congregate and share access holes in the ice.
	www.skullsunlimited.com /lake_baikal_seal_skull.html (101 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Baikal Seal
		Baikal, Lake, lake in southern Siberian Russia, the deepest lake in the world with a maximum depth of 1,637 m (5,371 ft).
		Seal (mammal), large aquatic mammals distinguished by having all four legs fully adapted into flippers.
		There are three families of seals: the true...
	encarta.msn.com /Baikal_Seal.html (125 words)

	WWW Irkutsk: The Word Lake Baikal (New Scientist) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It b a wonder in statistics too: it is the deepest (1637 metres) and oldest (about 20 million years) lake in the world, containing a fifth of the fresh surface water on the planet (23 thousand billion cubk metres) and lull of creatures more than 2000 of them found nowhere else.
		Lake Baikal is known as the "Galapagos of Russia" and is probably the most biologically diverse lake in the world: more than 1000 species of aquatic plants, 56 types of fish, 300 protozoans - and entire groups that haven't yet been studied.
		We are especially fond of the Baikal turbellaria, multicoloured worms that grow up to 30 centimetres long and live on the lake floor.
	www.icc.ru /fed/newscientist.html (441 words)

	08/24/01 -- RUSSIA: For Lake Baikal, an Unclear Future
		But Baikal's cleanliness has been compromised by four decades of pollution from enterprises built near the lake or on its banks, most significantly the Baikalsk Cellulose Combinat, on the southern end of the lake, and a similar plant nearby on the Selenge River, one of Baikal's principal tributaries.
		One recent Saturday she could be found here on the rocky beach of Lake Baikal leading "Brigade No. 3" of volunteers picking up trash and scrap metal along a stretch of the shoreline.
		Cook of Baikal Watch -- who is more optimistic -- made a similar point: It takes about 400 years for the rivers flowing into Baikal to completely replace the water in the lake, so big is its volume.
	www.forests.org /archive/europe/forlakb.htm (1802 words)

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