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Topic: Bakhtiyar Khalji

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	Allaudin Khalji (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Khaljis entered India from Ghazna during the reign of the Mamluq Sultan Qutub-ud-din Aibak.
		Jalal-ud-din Khalji, another member of this tribe, was accepted as the Sultan of Delhi by a confederation of Turkic tribes, after the collapse of the Mamluq Balban’s regime.
		Kaffr was murdered by the Turkish chiefs of the Southern Alliance and Mubarak ascended the throne.
	sarvadharma.org /Museum/shame/allaudin.htm (1105 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Bakhtiyar Khalji (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bakhtiyar Khalji stayed in Nadia for a short period and then marched upon Gaur (Lakhnauti).
		It appears that Bakhtiyar Khalji's inordinate ambition or his desire to secure mastery over trade route from Tibet to Kamarupa and thence to Bengal or his intention to discover a short-cut route to Turkistan over Tibet impelled him to undertake this expedition.
		At Devkot, Bakhtiyar Khalji fell seriously ill and when he was hovering between life and death, he was stabbed to death by Ali Mardan Khalji in 602 AH/1206 AD.
	banglapedia.org /HT/B_0068.htm (749 words)

	Encyclopedia: Chittagong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The conquest of Bengal by Bakhtiyar Khalji in 1204 led to a large-scale Muslim settlement in Chittagong.
		Bakhtiyar Khalji, also known as Malik Ghazi Ikhtiyaru l-Din Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji, was a Khilji, a Muslim Turk, who was head of the armies that conquered much of northeastern India.
		The vast majority of the people of Chittagong are Muslims; a small percentage of Hindus and Christians also live in the city.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chittagong (6478 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Shiran Khalji (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Shiran Khalji a lieutenant of bakhtiyar khalji, was the administrator of the principality of Lakhnauti during the period 602-603 AH/1206-1207 AD.
		When the news of the murder of Bakhtiyar Khalji and the usurpation of power by ali mardan khalji reached him, Shiran left his post at Lakhnur and marched to devkot.
		At Devkot Shiran Khalji performed the funeral rites of his departed master and was unanimously elected the new chief by the Khalji nobles and commanders present there.
	banglapedia.org /HT/S_0351.htm (373 words)

	Chapter 3 - Proselytization in Provincial Muslim Kingdoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Pala rulers of Bengal were Buddhists and Buddhism, in spite of the damage caused to it by Bakhtiyar Khalji, remained prevalent in the land until at least the fourteenth century.
		“Bengal was not conquered by seventeen Turkish cavalieres (of Bakhtiyar Khalji); but by the barah-auliyas, or twelve legendary Muslim militant saints, the Pirs who cropped up after the seed of Islam had been broadcast in the plains of Bengal.” K.R. Qanungo, op.
		It says that after Bakhtiyar Khalji overran Bengal, it became a rule that if revenue was not deposited within the prescribed time, the defaulting landlord (bhuswami) had either to lose his land or become Muslim.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/imwat/ch3.htm (7369 words)

	HISTORY OF MALDAH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Gopala, the founder of Pala dynasty in 750 A.D which continued upto 1155 A.D. and the Pala dynasty was supplanted by Vijayasena of Sena dynasty in the 12th century.
		During the reign of Lakshmansena in the year 1204 (1206) Mahammad Bakhtiyar Khalji conquered Nadiya and thereafter Ghiyas-ud-din Iwaz Khalji transferred the capital to Lakhnawati in 1220 A.D. Before the conquest of Bengal by Akbar, the great Mughal in 1556 A.D., Bengal was reigned by several sovereign dynasties viz.
		under the Khalji Amirs, the Mamluks or the slave, House of Balban, Tughlaque governors, Ilyas dynasty, House of Ganesh, Ilyas Shah, Habsi Kings and Alauddin Hussain Shah.
	www.maldah.com /history.html (636 words)

	Rajputs World
		The Muslim army, not seeing their leader, fled headlong from the battlefield and did not draw rein till they had reached a place considered safe from pursuit.
		Bakhtiyar Khalji, a general of Ghuri, swept through Bihar in AD 1202, and reached Navadvipa, the capital of the Senas, a year later.
		In the eastern theatre, Bakhtiyar Khalji could not conquer East Bengal.
	rajputsworld.blogspot.com (7626 words)

	A Virtual Village
		In about 1200, the Turkic general Bakhtyar Khalji inadvertently provided the name by which the entire region would be known up to the present day – Bihar –; after he referred to his destruction of a Buddhist monastery (vihara) elsewhere in the area.
		Judging from the age of the monumental mausoleums found in the area (such as that reputed to contain Bakhtiyar Khilji), it appears that Arampur became a place of some political and/or military consequence although it remains unclear why or when.
		In 1881, the significance of the huge mausoleum locally attributed to Bakhtiyar Khilji brought Arampur to the attention of the newly constituted Archaeological Survey of India.
	learningobjects.wesleyan.edu /virtualvillage/history (1528 words)

	Bali----------Infomedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The ruins of Lal Kot from eleventh century, Rajput times and Qutab Minar world heritage site, the medieval-period baolis, garden Tombs, shrines and mosques scattered about the vicinity, the monsoon palace of the last mughals, Bahadur Shah Zafar, reflect almost a thousands years of history of Delhi itself.
		Mehrauli is rich in cultural and religious traditions, too, with its numerous shrines and festivals such as the famed Phool Walon Ki Sair and Pankha processions to the Dargah of Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki and the Yog Maya Temple.
		Lal Kot thus became recognised at the first city of Delhi and remained so until Alauddin Khalji move the capital down to the Jamuna Plain.
	www.mehroli.com /discovery.html (860 words)

	:: nachiketa ::
		The iconoclasm attributed to Sultan Alauddin Khalji is also a direct quotation from Habib and Nizami.
		Bakhtiyar Khalji has been described as a slave when he was a free man, and the historian who commented adversely on Muhammad bin Tughlaq was Badauni, not Barani.
		But to quibble that the Dastur-ul Amal-i Alamgiri was not an official document when it was a compilation of official documents, shows how contrived the whole exercise is. None of these points merited listing in an Index of Errors; they could have been faxed to the NCERT Director for rectification in his next reprint.
	nachiketa.rediffblogs.com /2003_03_08_nachiketa_archive.html (1314 words)

	MP - Biography Of Muslim Leaders In The Sub-continent
		Qutb-ud-din Bakhtiyar Kaki was a famous saint of his period.
		Alauddin Khalji was the son of Shahab-ud-din Khalji, and nephew and son-in-law of Jalal-ud-din Khalji, the founder of the Khalji rule in South Asia.
		At a very young age he made an impression on Alauddin Khalji, who gave him the title of Akhur Baig in his court.
	www.muziqpakistan.com /board/index.php?showtopic=34976 (12342 words)

	Tourism of India - Buddha - Nalanda
		A massive fire, schisms between the different Buddhist sects and the resurgence of devotional Hinduism pushed Nalanda to the brink of destruction.
		Its final nemesis came with the Muslim invader Bakhtiyar Khalji who brutally wiped it off the map.
		A few valuable manuscripts were able to flee from the onslaught.
	www.tourismofindia.com /hibuddh/buddh_nalanda.htm (717 words)

	SLAVE-TAKING DURING MUSLIM RULE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He dispatched Ikhtiyaruddin Bakhtiyar Khalji to the East and himself concentrated in Hindustan proper.
		The Buddhist monks and Brahmans mistaken for monks were massacred and the common people, deprived of their priests and teachers, became an easy prey to capture and enslavement.
		For example, although Jalaluddin Khalji was an old and vacillating king, even he did not just remain content with expressing rage at the fact of not being able to deal with the Hindus according to the law.
	www.voiceofdharma.com /books/mssmi/ch5.htm (5329 words)

	Epilogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bakhtiyar Khalji marched through Bihar into Bengal and massacred people in both the regions.
		In the latter campaign Malik Kafur went from place to place, and to some places many times over, and in his rage at not finding the fleeing prince Vira Pandya, he killed the people mercilessely.
		Bengal was attacked by Bakhtiyar, by Balban, by Alauddin, and by all the three Tughlaqs - Ghayas, Muhammad and Firoz.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/imwat/epi.htm (1998 words)

	Chapter 2 - Rise of Muslims under the Sultanate
		Malik Kafur, the general of Alauddin Khalji, gave the Raja of Dwarsamudra a choice between Islam, death or payment of a huge idemnity.
		Although Alauddin Khalji rarely suffered defeat, yet there is no doubt that Muslim soldiers lost their lives in good numbers in the Bengal campaign, at Ranthambhor and Chittor and against the recurring terrific Mongol invasions.
		Iltutmish, Balban and Alauddin Khalji were practical administrators, and but for the captives and converts obtained by them during wars, they did not act as royal missionaries.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/imwat/ch2.htm (6579 words)

	.:. Taiyab Ahmed Sheikh :: about Munshigonj...which is part of heart....!!!
		Vikramapura appears for the first time in the copperplates of Shrichandra as sa khalu shrivikramapura samavasita shrimajjayaskandhavarat (from the royal camp of victory or capital situated at Vikramapura) and it held that position through the rule of the subsequent Varman and Sena dynasties.
		Even during the rule of the Senas, who held sway over practically the whole of Bengal, Vikramapura continued to be their capital, and LAKSMANASENA came to this place after his defeat at Nadia at the hands of the Muslim invader BAKHTIYAR KHALJI, where his two sons, Vishvarupasena and Keshavasena ruled for a short period.
		After the fall of Nadia in the hands of BAKHTIYAR KHALJI (1204) the Sena King LAKSHMANASENA fled to Vikramapura and began to rule East Bengal.
	www.geocities.com /taiyab_sheikh/mun.html (4854 words)

	The last lesson at Nalanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		All they found were books, and with none left to explain their meaning, they were burnt and Odantapura turned into a military camp.
		Let me quickly add that Bakhtiyar Khilji’s Turkic forefathers, the White Huns of Mihirakula — behaved no differently towards the Sangha although they were Shiva-bhakts.
		It was with the greatest difficulty that the Guptas and others managed to save their lands from their depredations in the sixth century.
	www.indianexpress.com /archive_full_story.php?content_id=31704 (472 words)

	Re: Islam at War
		Then in 1199 one > > of his lieutenants, Bakhtiyar, led an army into Bengal and > > put the whole northern plain of India under Muslim rule.
		The Buddhist/animistic population had already converted > in large numbers by the time Itktiyar-ud-din-Bakhtiyar Khalji arrived; > they were all very pacific indeed.
		That was done by the Khaljis in the 14th century, > under their eunuch leader, Malik Kafur.
	www.talkaboutabook.com /group/rec.arts.books/messages/468428.html (1687 words)

	SLAVE SULTANS OF HINDUSTAN
		The killings and blindings of Caliph Umar (644 C.E.), scions of Alauddin Khalji (1316), Mubarak Khalji (1320), Farrukhsiyar (1719) and Shah Alam (1788) by slave nobles clearly shows that treachery stalked every step of the reigning monarch, so that courtesy and conspiracy by slaves went hand in hand throughout the medieval period.
		His exploits were reported to Qutbuddin Aibak, who sent him a robe of honour and appointed him to invade Bihar as the Sultan’s general in 1202 C.E. Ikhtiyaruddin Bakhtiyar Khalji conquered extensively in Bihar and Bengal but then died unhonoured and unsung.
		Under the Khaljis and Tughlaqs (fourteenth century) the nobles lived under constant fear of the Sultan.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/mssmi/ch4.htm (4602 words)

	Impact of Islam on Socio-Cultural and Religious Life of Bangladeshis
		With Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji, the conqueror, a large body of Khalji Chiefs, soldiers and their followers settled down in Bengal.
		Many people of Bangladesh bear such Turkish names and titles as Bakhtiyar, Balban, Babur, Tughlaq, Aftabu'd-Din, Mahtabu'd-Din, Beg, Mirza, etc. The words such as Bibi, Begum, Khanum, Apa, Mukar (nsukar) etc. are of Turkish origin.
		It also developed into an important place of Muslim colony from the time of its conquest by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji.
	www.islam-bd.org /History/impact.html (3628 words)

	:: Munshigonj \| History & Archeology ::
		Vikramapur appears for the first time in the copperplates of Shrichandra as sa Khalu Shrivikramapura Samavasita Shrimajjayaskandhavarat (from the royal camp of victory or capital situated at Vikramapur) and it held that position through the rule of the subsequent Varman and Sena dynasties.
		Even during the rule of the Senas, who held sway over practically the whole of Bengal, Vikramapur continued to be their capital, and laksmanasena came to this place after his defeat at Nadia at the hands of the Muslim invader bakhtiyar khalji, where his two sons, Vishvarupasena and Keshavasena ruled for a short period.
		Though the copperplates of Vishvarupasena and Keshavasena do not mention Vikramapur as the capital, but the land granted by them lay in Vikramapur bhage, indicating their hold over the area.
	www.munshigonj.com /MgonjSection/History.htm (1211 words)

	Re: Islam at War
		Then in 1199 one > of his lieutenants, Bakhtiyar, led an army into Bengal and > put the whole northern plain of India under Muslim rule.
		The Buddhist/animistic population had already converted in large numbers by the time Itktiyar-ud-din-Bakhtiyar Khalji arrived; they were all very pacific indeed.
		That was done by the Khaljis in the 14th century, under their eunuch leader, Malik Kafur.
	www.talkaboutabook.com /group/rec.arts.books/messages/468300.html (1475 words)

	Chapter 1 - Early Muslims
		Aibak entered upon a series of conquests. He despatched Ikhtiyaruddin Bakhtiyar Khalji to the East and himself captured Kol (modern Aligarh) in 1194. There “those of the garrison who were wise and acute were converted to Islam, but those who stood by their ancient faith were slain with the sword”.
		Ikhtiyaruddin Bakhtiyar Khalji’s military exploits in the east also resulted in conversions to Islam. About the end of the twelfth or the beginning of the thirteenth century,
		During the time of Qutbuddin Aibak a large number of places were attacked and prisoners captured for which actual figures or written evidence are available. Figures of any conversions during campaigns to Kanauj, Varanasi (where the Muslims occupied “a thousand” temples).
	www.challenging-islam.org /library/lal/ch1.htm (1970 words)

	Star Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Then through a long period of Time, during the reign of Devapala, the third ruler of the Pala dynasty in 810 to 850 AD, Gaur was supposed to have been transformed into a metropolitan.
		When Bakhtiyar Khalji conquered the Western part of Bengal, in the beginning of the Thirteenth century, probably in 1204 AD, Gaur used to be called 'Gaur-Lakhnawati, the capital of Sena Dynasty.
		Before the conquest of this eastern region of the Indian Sub-continent by the Muslims under Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji in 1204 AD, the entire territory is said to have been divided into five districts -- Radha, Samatata, Banga, Varendra and Haricala.
	www.thedailystar.net /magazine/2003/04/03/coverstory.htm (1861 words)

	A Concise History of India, Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Though an able warrior, the garrisons of Ghazni and Delhi refused to have him because of a unique physical feature--his arms were so long that he could touch his calves without bending.
		A struggle for the throne broke out between the old Turkish nobility and the newcomers, who were led by Jalal ud-Din Firuz Khalji.
		Jalal ud-Din won, and ruled until 1296, when he was overthrown and killed by his ambitious nephew and son-in-law Ala ud-Din Khalji.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /india/in03.html (9056 words)

	Persian Accounts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalji’s invasion of Northeast India (1205 A.D.) touched only the fringe of Kamrupa.
		But it inaugurated an era lasting over five centuries during which parts of the Northeast, was dominated and ruled by Muslim invaders, albeit intermittently.
		It is also the most important and pioneering source for the other two campaigns in the region led by Ghiyath al- Din Iwaz (1227 A.D.) and Malik Yazbek (1257 A.D.).
	www.ceniseas.org /resources/page_resources_persian.html (312 words)

	Why such denial? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Balban did not challenge any of the great Hindu rais his officers failed against the raids of frontier Mongol officers both in the civil and the military field Balban and his governing class had been tried and found wanting”.
		The iconoclasm attributed to Alauddin Khalji is also a direct quotation from Habib and Nizami.
		But to quibble that the Dastur-ul-Amal-I Alamgiri wasn’t an official document shows how contrived the whole exercise is. None of these points merited listing in an Index of Errors.
	www.hvk.org /hvk/articles/0703/187.html (940 words)

	nachiketa
		The iconoclasm attributed to Sultan Alauddin Khalji is also a direct quotation from Habib and Nizami. The IHC’s contention that there is no proof that Sher Shah extracted jaziya is absurd.
		Satish Chandra’s (now replaced) NCERT textbook: “Jizyah continued to be collected from the Hindus, while his nobility was drawn almost exclusively from the Afghans” [p.
		Take the example of the present prime minister: In April 1989 in the Rajya Sabha, he thus commented on Rajiv Gandhi's visit to China: 'When the Prime Minister went to China and the leaders of China raised the question of Tibet, they had given us the opportunity to say something about Tibet.
	blogs.rediff.com /scripts/blog_rss.phtml?blogName=nachiketa&blogId=1057641402 (4279 words)

	Nalanda [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Muhammad Khilji, a general under the command of Qutb-ud-Din sacks and burns Nalanda, India's greatest Buddhist university.
		[click for more], the Nalanda University complex was destroyed by Turkish Muslim invaders under Bakhtiyar Khalji; this event is seen as the final milestone in the decline and near extinctionBuddhism was initially established in India and it flourished there during the early phases of its history.
		After more than 1500 years, the decline of Buddhism in India, caused by several factors, would lead to the virtual extinction of Indian Buddhism by the beginning of the 13th century....
	www.wikimirror.com /Nalanda (1501 words)

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