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	Bakr Sidqi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bakr Sidqi (Kirkuk, 1890 - Mosul, August 12, 1937) was an Iraqi nationalist and general.
		Sidqi was made a general by King Faisal I when Iraq became an independent country after World War I, and spent much of his time crushing tribal rebellions in the 1930s.
		After overthrowing the government, Sidqi essentially ruled Iraq until a relative of defense minister Jafar al-Askari, killed in the coup, assassinated him in revenge at the airport in Mosul.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bakr_Sidqi (207 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abu Bakr Abu Bakrä´boo bäk´er, 573-634, 1st caliph, friend, father-in-law, and successor of Muhammad.
		Bakr, Ahmad Hasan al- Bakr, Ahmad Hasan al-äkhmäd´ häsän´ äl-bäk´er, 1914-82, president of Iraq (1968-79).
		Her father was Abu Bakr, who became first caliph after the Prophet's death.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Bakr+Sidqi (523 words)

	Bakr Sidqi -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bakr Sidqi ((A city in northeastern Iraq; the center of a rich oilfield with pipelines to the Mediterranean) Kirkuk, 1890 - (A city in northern Iraq on the Tigris across from the ruins of Nineveh) Mosul, August 12, 1937) was an (A native or inhabitant of Iraq) Iraqi nationalist and general.
		Sidqi was made a general by King (Click link for more info and facts about Faisal I) Faisal I when Iraq became an independent country after World War I, and spent much of his time crushing tribal rebellions in the 1930s.
		After overthrowing the government, Sidqi essentially ruled Iraq until a relative of defense minister (Click link for more info and facts about Jafar al-Askari) Jafar al-Askari, killed in the coup, assassinated him in revenge at the airport in Mosul.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Ba/Bakr_Sidqi.htm (234 words)

	Modern Iraqi History and the Day After: Part 2, March 7, 2003
		In October 1936, General Bakr Sidqi, the Army Commander, staged a coup.
		Sidqi, of Kurdish origin but not a Kurdish nationalist, had been commander of the northern region Army units during several of the revolts and made his name putting down the Assyrian “troubles”; in alliance with the so-called Ahali Group political faction he took power, and King Ghazi accepted the coup.
		Bakr Sidqi had had a reputation of being an effective in brutal officer; as a political leader he proved corrupt and indulged himself in many ways.
	www.theestimate.com /public/030703.html (2705 words)

	Archive Editions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By joining in the celebrations of Sidqi's deeds, he gained great popularity while King Faisal, by condemning the massacres, weakened his position so much that he was eventually obliged to tolerate the prevailing mood.
		Colonel Gerald de Gaury met Bakr Sidqi at the time and described him in his book, Three Kings in Baghdad: "The back of the head was flat, the neck thick, the lips sensuous, the face vulgarly brutal.
		Bakr Sidqi, who provided the military back-up and almost certainly ordered the assassination of the leading nationalist veteran, Ja'far al'Askari, was himself murdered a year later.
	www.archiveeditions.co.uk /Leafcopy/820Intro.htm (4837 words)

	Iraq - IRAQ AS AN INDEPENDENT MONARCHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This policy apparently was implemented by a Kurd, General Bakr Sidqi, who, after engaging in several clashes with the Assyrians, permitted his men to kill about 300 Assyrians, including women and children, at the Assyrian village of Simel (Sumayyil).
		The agents of the coup, General Bakr Sidqi and two politicians (Hikmat Sulayman and Abu Timman, who were Turkoman and Shia respectively), represented a minority response to the pan-Arab Sunni government of Yasin al Hashimi.
		The Sidqi coup marked a major turning point in Iraqi history; it made a crucial breach in the constitution, and it opened the door to further military involvement in politics.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-6576.html (3559 words)

	Encyclopedia: Assyrian people
		This policy was implemented by a Kurd, General Bakr Sidqi, who, after engaging in several clashes with the Assyrians, permitted his men to kill about 3,000 Assyrians, including women and children, at the Assyrian villages of Simel/Simele (Sumayyil) district, and later at Suryia.
		Bakr Sidqi, an Iraqi nationalist and general, was born in 1890 in Kirkuk and assassinated on Aug....
		In October 1936 Bakr Sidqi staged the first military coup in the modern Arab world.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Assyrian-people (6437 words)

	Bakr Sidqi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sidqi was made a general by King Faisal I when Iraq became an independentcountry after World War I, and spent much of his time crushing tribal rebellions in the 1930s.
		In 1936, during the reign ofFaisal's ineffectual son King Ghazi I, Sidqi led what was probably the first moderncoup d'état in the Arab world.
		After overthrowing the government, Sidqi essentially ruled Iraq until a relative of defense minister Jafar al-Askari, killed in the coup, assassinated him in revenge at theairport in Mosul.
	www.therfcc.org /bakr-sidqi-237589.html (188 words)

	Read about Assyrian at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Assyrian and learn about Assyrian here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bakr Sidqi, who, after engaging in several clashes with the Assyrians, permitted his men to kill about 3,000 Assyrians, including women and children, at the Assyrian villages of Simele (
		1936 Bakr Sidqi staged the first military coup in the modern Arab world.
		In modern times, the group, which today numbers about 3.5 million, has been doubly mistreated; first by their Kurds, then by Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime, which forbade them to teach Syriac.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Assyrian (969 words)

	The growing state - Iraq History - تاريخ العراق
		The Sidqi coup (29th of October, 1936) marked a major turning point in Iraqi history; it made a crucial breach in the constitution, and it opened the door to further military involvement in politics.
		Ghazi sanctioned Sulayman's government (Hikmat Sulayman was one of the agents of the coup along with General Bakr Sidqi) even though it had achieved power unconstitutionally, overthrowing Yasin al-Hashimi's government, killing Ja'afar al-Askari its Minister of Defense.
		Eventually, Sidqi's excesses alienated both his civilian and his military supporters, and he was murdered by a military group in August 1937.
	arabic-media.com /growing_state.htm (1137 words)

	Independence,
		It was Hikmat Sulayman, however, who urged General Bakr Sidqi, commander of an army division, to stage a surprise attack on Baghdad in cooperation with another military commander and forced the Cabinet to resign.
		Hikmat Sulayman became prime minister in October 1936, and Bakr Sidqi was appointed chief of the general staff.
		Lack of leadership after the assassination of Bakr Sidqi left the army divided, while jealousy among leading army officers induced each faction to support a different set of civilian leaders.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/3239.html (907 words)

	Bakr Sidqi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bakr Sidqi, nacionalista iraquí y general, fue llevado en 1890 en Kirkuk y asesinado de agosto el 12 de 1937, en Mosul.
		Como muchos hombres ambiciosos que vivieron en el imperio del otomano, Sidqi ensambló a ejército turco como hombre joven; ya un nacionalista árabe que favoreció liberar las tierras árabes de la dominación turca, él no obstante pasó años formativos en cuál era esencialmente el ejército colonial.
		Sidqi fue hecho un general por rey Faisal I cuando Iraq se convirtió en un país independiente después de la Primera Guerra Mundial, y pasó mucho de su tiempo que machacaba rebeliones tribales en los años 30.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/ba/Bakr%20Sidqi.htm (234 words)

	December 17, 2001
		The fact that Bakr Sidqi was of Kurdish origin and that the majority of Iraqi troops involved in the massacres were Kurdish irregulars may offer a partial explanation for this enthusiasm.
		Bakr Sidqi, conspiring with his longtime ally Hikmat Sulayman, overthrew the government of Yasin al-Hashemi in 1936.
		Bakr Sidqi’s operations against the Assyrian villages in August were intended as a demonstration of the army’s independence and a rejection of British tutelage.
	www.zindamagazine.com /html/archives/2001/12.17.01/index.php (11415 words)

	Sidqi, Bakr -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Sidqi joined the Turkish army at age 18 but was already an ardent Arab nationalist who championed the cause of the Arabs against the Turks.
		From 632 until 1258 the nominal ruling power in the Islamic world was the caliphate, an institution formed to head off a leadership crisis brought on by the death in 632 of Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
		The successor chosen was Abu Bakr, Muhammad's father-in-law and longtime companion.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9067651 (652 words)

	Ghazi of Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A staunch pan-Arab nationalist, opposed to British interests in his country, Ghazi's reign was characterized by tensions between civilians and the army, which sought control of the government.
		He supported General Bakr Sidqi in his coup, which replaced the civilian government with a military one.
		This was the first coup d'état to take place in the Arab world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghazi_of_Iraq (298 words)

	A Brutal Friendship
		In 1936 an Iraqi general named Bakr Sidqi had what he thought was a great idea.
		Sidqi, who for years held the title of "not the world's brightest guy", turned out to be a disastrous ruler.
		With Sidqi gone, Nuri Said and his pro-British friends were free to return to Iraq and make life Hell for King Ghazi.
	www.rodneyanonymous.com /read/aburish/aburish.html (1863 words)

	Chronologie van Afghanistan
		In oktober pleegde het leger onder leiding van generaal Bakr Sidqi een staatsgreep.
		Generaal Bakr Sidqi werd chef-staf met grote invloed op buitenlandse zaken.
		Uit angst voor het communisme besloot het leger in augustus tot een staatsgreep waarbij Bakr Sidqi werd vermoord en de regering Hikmet Suleiman omvergeworpen.
	www.studybuddy.nl /nederlands/contentirak.html (9383 words)

	The Iraq Crisis and War - Timeline - a chronology of events
		Background is rising popular support for General Bakr Sidqi, who conducted a pogrom in Sumayl that killed 600 Assyrians.
		Gen Bakr Sidqi launches a military coup in Iraq, backed by Hikmat Sulayman (who becomes PM), overthrowing government of Yasin al-Hashimi, promising social reform and bringing the Ahali group into government.
		Iraq's military leader Bakr Sidqi is assassinated in Mosul after Ahali and nationalist military officers withdraw support on 19Jun37; Sulayman resigns as PM.
	www.mideastweb.org /iraqtimeline.htm (4596 words)

	The "Sovereign" Iraqi Monarchy and British Colonialism
		Into this arena came General Bakr Sidqi, an ambitious and powerful Kurdish commander, who had not only military but growing political aspirations.
		General Bakr Sidqi led a coup d'etat in 1936, the first military coup that the modern Arab world was to experience.
		The British did not intervene as their policy of indirect control was yielding results and the coup threatened only the parliament.
	www.allianceforsecurity.org /print/19 (1010 words)

	UMJIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He was overthrown by an army leader, Bakr Sidqi, and one of his former cohorts, Hikmat Sulaiman, in the coup of 1936.
		In 1938, however, Sidqi was assassinated and Nuri al Said, former head of the cabinet, was returned to power.
		The Saddam era had effectively begun and would be completely ushered in during 1979, when Bakr became obsolete as Saddam consolidated his rule over Iraq.
	www.umich.edu /~ias/mjia/currentissue/abrown.htm (1857 words)

	Iraq Crisis Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sidqi was involved in a coup plot against Rashid Ali al Gaylani in 1941.
		Sidqi led a coup attempt in 1936, signalling the entry of the armed services into politics.
		Sidqi led an army pogrom against the Assyrian communities of the north in 1932.
	school.discovery.com /quizzes17/thekossack/Iraq.html (5614 words)

	Iraq - IRAQ AS AN INDEPENDENT MONARCHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At the time of independence, tribal Iraq was experiencing a destabilizing realignment characterized by the waning role of the shaykhs in tribal society.
		Ghazi sanctioned Sulayman's government even though it had achieved power unconstitutionally; nevertheless, the coalition of forces that gained power in 1936 was beset by major contradictions.
		The Ahali group was interested in social reform whereas Sidqi and his supporters in the military were interested in expansion.
	countrystudies.us /iraq/20.htm (3557 words)

	BAKR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Search the BAKR Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the BAKR Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named BAKR at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/B/BAKR.htm (73 words)

	IRAQ: A GLIMPSE AT A CENTURY
		1936: Sidqi, a Kurd, leads the first coup d'etat in the Arab world, through a coalition of minorities, communists, socialists and others.
		Sidqi is killed in 1937 by a group within the military.
		A rejuvenated Baath Party returns to power led by Ahmad Hasan al Bakr, a Sunni from the city of Tikrit.
	www.freep.com /news/nw/iraq/chron20_20030320.htm (1310 words)

	Sidqi, 'Aziz -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		An engineering graduate of Cairo University with a doctorate in economic planning from Harvard University, Sidqi became a university teacher.
		Shortly after the revolution that deposed the Egyptian monarchy, he was appointed a technical adviser to the prime minister's office.
		More results on "Sidqi, 'Aziz" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9390996 (416 words)

	The Globalist \| Global History -- What Tony Blair Never Told George W. Bush
		The devastating bomb attack that took the lives of Ayatollah Mohammed Bakr al-Hakim and at least 120 other people at the Ali Imam mosque in Najaf, Iraq teaches — first and foremost — that Iraq’s history is back.
		In 1933, right after Britain granted Iraq titular independence, the Iraqi army under General Bakr Sidqi launched a massive pogrom against the Assyrian community in northern Iraq, slaughtering many thousands of them.
		So frightful were the killings that there was a serious move in the League of Nations to try to rescind full Iraqi independence.
	www.theglobalist.com /DBWeb/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=3404 (1112 words)

	United Press International - International(p) - Commentary: Iraqi history is back (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1933, right after Britain granted Iraq titular independence, the Iraqi army under Gen. Bakr Sidqi launched a massive pogrom against the Assyrian community in northern Iraq, slaughtering many thousands of them.
		So frightful were the killings that there was a serious move in the League of Nations to try and rescind full Iraqi independence, but it was blocked by Iraq's British protectors.
		In June 1941, British forces in Iraq who had just foiled another coup planned to bring Iraq over to the Nazi-Axis side in World War II stood back passively while forces led by frustrated young Iraqi army officers killed hundreds of Iraqi Jews and despoiled their community.
	www.upi.com /view.cfm?StoryID=20030829-041655-8925r (983 words)

	[No title]
		King Ghazi, son of Faisal, ruled from 1933 to 1939, when he died in an auto accident.
		Bakr Sidqi overthrows the Iraqi government in the Arab world's first military coup.
		Saddam Hussein os born in Tikrit to peasants.
	www.boston.com /news/packages/iraq/interactive/before_1950.htm (100 words)

	Iraq's Nuclear Weapons Program - From Aflaq to Tammuz
		It was also the first modern Arab state to suffer a coup d'etat (led by General Bakr Sidqi on 29 October 1936) which set the general course of Middle East history away from constitutional government and toward the dominance of military strongmen.
		Iraq's nuclear program was now an experiment in how far a nation could proceed with the acquisition of nuclear weapons under cover of a civilian nuclear program, and in violation of its sworn adherence to international treaty, without being called to account for this behavior.
		The increasingly unwell Bakr was forced to resign all his positions, and Hussein took over as president of the republic, secretary general of the Baath Party, chairman of the RCC, and commander in chief of the armed forces.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Iraq/IraqAtoZ.html (8187 words)

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