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Topic: Bakufu

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Kamakura period

	Tokugawa shogunate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868.
		During the last years of the bakufu, or bakumatsu, the bakufu took strong measure to try to reassert its dominance, although its involvement with modernization and foreign powers was to make it a target of anti-Western sentiment throughout the country.
		A bakufu army was defeated when it was sent to crush dissent in the han of Satsuma and Choshu in 1866.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate (3121 words)

	Shogun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The so-called Transitional shoguns of 1568-1598 were never given the title of Seii Taishogun by the emperor and did not establish bakufu, but did for a period hold power over the emperor and most/all of Japan.
		The military wing of the government came to dominate the civil (imperial) government, so that while the Emperors of Japan still technically led the government, all practical (and especially military) power rested with the shogun and the daimyo.
		Three primary bakufu periods are usually identified, each centered around a family which tended to dominate the position of shogun during that regime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bakufu (864 words)

	Shogun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In Japanese history, a shōgun (将軍) was the practical ruler of Japan for most of the time from 1192 to the Meiji Era beginning in 1868.
		A Shōgun's administration is a shogunate, or bakufu (幕府) in Japanese.
		After Ashikaga Takauji, later founder of the Muromachi shogunate, rebelled against the emperor, Prince Moriyoshi was put under house arrest and killed in 1335 by Takauji's younger brother Ashikaga Tadayoshi.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Bakufu (912 words)

	MEIJI
		Nagasaki's remoteness from Edo was one factor in dissolving Bakufu political authority, especially with the general weakening of the Tokugawa control structure at the end of the political cycle.
		In the 1860s, indeed, Bakufu officials winked at smuggling, and were corruptible.
		Even commoners were "clasping their hands while deploring the state of the nation, and prepared to have their bones bleach on the battlefield." The foreign threat had shaken the people out of their torpor of 300 years under the Tokugawa, and created a welcome sense of "alarm," wrote Kido.
	www.uwosh.edu /home_pages/faculty_staff/earns/meiji.html (3293 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Muromachi period (室町時代, also known as Muromachi era, Muromachi bakufu, Ashikaga era, Ashikaga period, and Ashikaga bakufu) is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573.
		What distinguished the Ashikaga bakufu from that of Kamakura was that, whereas Kamakura had existed in equilibrium with the Kyoto court, Ashikaga took over the remnants of the imperial government.
		Nevertheless, the Ashikaga bakufu was not as strong as the Kamakura had been and was greatly preoccupied by the civil war.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Muromachi_period (1459 words)

	Feudal Japan: The Ashikaga Bakufu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Kamakura bakufu sent its most heroic and brilliant general, Ashikaga Takauji, to meet the Emperor's forces in battle.
		The only way the government was centralized was through the bonds of loyalty between the daimyo and the bakufu.
		During the fifteenth century, these bonds grew increasingly frayed until the outbreak of the Onin War (1467-1477) and the descent of Japanese society into unrelenting civil war.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/FEUJAPAN/ASHIKAGA.HTM (363 words)

	Ancient Japan - 8
		Earlier in 1804, the bakufu had taken eastern Ezo away from the jurisdiction of the Matsumae domain in northern Honshu and placed it under its direct control, and in 1807 the bakufu also took direct control of both eastern and western Ezo for defensive purposes.
		Samurai leaders of bakufu and han alike sought to grapple with the disturbing fact that the great peace envisioned as resulting from policies of rigid class separation, national isolation, and agricultural self-sufficiency was being undermined by unintended economic changes released by those policies themselves.
		The bakufu attempted to reinvigorate Chu Hsi orthodoxy by prohibiting all other schools of Confucianism in the college of the bakufu, but the attempt was destined to failure.
	www.crystalinks.com /japan8.html (4151 words)

	Feudal Japan: The Kamakura Bakufu
		The bakufu, or "tent government" (because soldiers lived in tents), was more or less a military government.
		She was a Buddhist nun, so she was known as the "Nun Shogun." She displaced the son who had inherited from his father and installed another son, who was soon assassinated.
		The relationship between the bakufu and the imperial government had never been very friendly; in 1221, the imperial court led an uprising against the bakufu, but failed.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/FEUJAPAN/KAMAKURA.HTM (483 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Age of the Samurai
		The Bakufu also oversaw the introduction, in 1232, of a Confucianist legal code, stressing the importance of the samurai's principal virtue - and the principal means of feudal control - loyalty.
		Secondly, the Mongol invasions precipitated the collapse of the Kamakura Bakufu, and the downfall of the Hojo regents.
		The beginning of the period was marked by the strengthening of Tokgawa's position and the final strokes of the battle for the unification of Japan.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A663059 (2370 words)

	A Strict Structure?: The Tokugawa Class System as a Model for the Fushigi Yuugi Fan Community
		The shogun and the bakufu (the central controlling body of Japan) had all of the power in the land for most of the period, though at the end, this power was crumbling.
		Many of the daimyo are friends with one or more of the 'bakufu trio' which shares parallels with Tokugawa Japan in which the bakufu had a close relationship with the daimyo (though in Japan, not necessarily to the daimyo's liking).
		The bakufu kept the daimyo in line through the policy of forcing the daimyo to spend every second year in Edo; the cost of the trip drained the daimyo greatly.
	congly.freeservers.com /anime/fytokugawa (3854 words)

	Tokugawa Bafuku
		The Tokugawa bakufu was not long in recognizing the dangers of this form, and reacting against the hedonistic urban culture in which, as image, the print played a major, structuring role.
		Its initial concerns were for the print as a source of information, and of potential attack against its own authority, though later its attention expanded to focus on the "moral" aspects of the print, and its challenge to official, Confucian values and hierarchy.
		Therefore, although depiction of contemporary figures was prohibited, the bakufu at most times saw no contradiction of the law in the portraits of entertainers (courtesans, actors sumo wrestlers, print artists and gesaku writers) who as hinin ("non-people") were invisible to its gaze.
	www.artelino.com /articles/tokugawa_bakufu.asp (706 words)

	Short History
		After the arrival of Perry and his fleet, the Bakufu and the Shogun began to realize that in order to maintain peace with countries outside of their own and to be on the same level as their new 'allies' they would have to modernize their army and the rest of the country as well.
		Choshu had been attacked by the Bakufu twice: once in the autumn of 1864 and again in the summer of 1866 and they were readying themselves for war against the Bakufu.
		The Bakufu forces were met at both Tobu and Fushimi by the army of Satsuma and Choshu who had superior weapons.
	www.sakabatouzanbatou.com /jhistory.html (1259 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		Bakufu - ‘Tent/Camp government’: term used to refer the shogunate or, in the case of the Hojo Regency, the military government.
		Bakufu could also be more narrowly applied to the headquarters of the shogunate.
		The Bakufu attempted on six occasions to ban Kabuki (which was considered vulgar) without success.
	www.samurai-archives.com /vocab.html (8182 words)

	feudaljapan.html
		The Bakufu were certain the Mongols would return, and assembled a large fighting force, and built a wall around Hakata Bay.
		The Kamakura Bakufu's handling of the Mongol crisis greatly enhanced their prestige, but the practical strains of the long struggle sapped their strength.
		The end of the bakufu came in 1333, when the Hojo family was exterminated by a rival clan, and this action brought the first phase of Japanese feudal age to an end.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/feudaljapan.html (1558 words)

	Tokugawa Ieyasu and his Bakufu
		Although the Emperor stayed in Kyoto, the real power was with the shogun and his Bakufu (tent-government).
		His primary concern in the early years of his shogunate was the preservation of his familys rule.
		Thus, although the daimyo ruled their individual fiefs independent of the Bakufu, their behavior in matters national was under Ieyasus control and the shogun had a very wide view of what constituted national matters.
	www.openhistory.org /jhdp/intro/node23.html (730 words)

	OsakaPrints.com (Glossary)
		bakufu: "Tent government" or "curtain government," the administrative arm of the Tokugawa shogunate.
		The bakufu tried to suppress these irregularly published sheets as being harmful to the public welfare, but the various proscriptions and bans throughout the Tokugawa period did not eliminate them.
		The origin of the term may be derived from the earliest examples, which were printed from clay tiles; usually, however, they were printed from woodblocks.
	www.osakaprints.com /content/information/glossary.htm (8846 words)

	Sonno-joi
		The bakufu, furious at this, declared in 1825 the Uchi-harai-rei ('No Second Thought Edict.') The Uchi-harai-rei stated that "any foreign ships which violated Japanese waters would be attacked and driven off without a second thought" (Turnbull, 158.) More importantly, with the Uchi-harai-rei, the bakufu made anti-foreignism part of if its foreign policy.
		The bakufu, fearing that an attack on a foreigner as permitted in the Uchi-harai-rei might result in a war with the West, relaxed the edict.
		The bakufu's 'strong hand' was Ii Naosuke (Turnbull, 161.) Ii Naosuke was a strong supporter of the bakufu and could trace his lineage back to one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's staunchest allies at the Battle of Sekigahara.
	www.samurai-archives.com /snj.html (3968 words)

	Japanese history: Muromachi Period
		The emperor Go-Daigo was able to restore imperial power in Kyoto and to overthrow the Kamakura Bakufu in 1333.
		However, the revival of the old imperial offices under the Kemmu restoration (1334) did not last for long because the old administration system was out of date and practice, and incompetent officials failed gaining the support of the powerful landowners.
		By the middle of the 16th century, several of the most powerful warlords were competing for control over the whole country.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2134.html (540 words)

	Impact on Japan of Perry's Expedition, 1853-I
		Unwilling to make its own decision on how to react, the Bakufu administration took the unprecedented step of canvassing the territorial daimyo lords for their opinions on how to meet the crisis Japan now faced.
		It is my belief that the first and most urgent task is for the bakufu to make its choice between peace and war.
		But if the bakufu, now and henceforward, shows itself resolute for expulsion, the immediate effect will be to increase ten-fold the morale of the country and to bring about the completion of military preparations.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/Ob104.html (1098 words)

	Ridgeback Press - Terminology of Meiji Restoration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Katsu Kaishu : Influential Bakufu naval commissioner, mentor to anti-Bakufu revolutionaries, founder of Japanese navy.
		Meiji Restoration era: Fifteen years of bloody revolution (1853- 1868) at the dawn of modern Japan, culminating in the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the restoration of imperial rule.
		Tokugawa Bakufu: Military feudal government at Edo which dominated Japanese nation from 1603 to 1867.
	www.ridgebackpress.com /terms.htm (871 words)

	AAS Abstracts: Japan Session 77 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Ako Incident of 1701-1703 is universally regarded as an archetypal vendetta and the forty-six ronin as exemplary "righteous warriors." But the incident was actually the subject of a noisy debate that began within months of the suicide of the forty-six Ako men and raged for over a century and a half.
		Smith is well versed in the incident, and Najita has done extensive work on this incident as well as two others that elicited decisive and draconian responses from the Tokugawa bakufu-the Meiwa incident of 1767 and the Oshio Heihachiro uprising of 1837.
		While the bakufu had rendered the Yamaga teachings disreputable by banning Soko's Seikyo yoroku (Confucian Manifesto) (1675) and exiling him to Ako domain (1666-1675) for its publication, allegations linking shido to the Ako incident accelerated the atrophy of the Soko school in Edo, prompting its retreat to two tozama domains.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1997abst/japan/j77.htm (1125 words)

	Glossary of Japanese Feudalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ashikaga: Dynasty of shoguns under the Muromachi bakufu.
		Buke Shohatto: Regulations governing the daimyo and direct retainers of the Edo bakufu.
		bakufu; under the Edo bakufu, the smaller direct vassals of the bakufu, usually with
	www.punahou.edu /libraries/cooke/feudal_japan_glossary.html (319 words)

	The Boshin War
		In December 1866, Emperor Komei, an ardent supporter of the Bakufu government, passed away, and the Emperor Meiji ascended to the throne.
		On January 3, 1868, the Emperor announced the Restoration of Power (Ouseifukko), declaring the end of the Bakufu government and the setting up of a new government.
		It was during this period when the Sekihotai was sent ahead of the Ishin army (refer to section on Sagara Souzou).
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Pagoda/5770/boshinwar.htm (491 words)

	AllRefer.com - Yoritomo (Japanese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		After a prolonged struggle he led his clan, the Minamoto, to victory over the Taira in 1185.
		He became (1192) the first shogun, established his bakufu (headquarters) at Kamakura, and rewarded his retainers with estates strategically located throughout the country.
		These fiefs later became the basis of the power of the daimyo.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Y/Yoritomo.html (250 words)

	The King of Capri by Chuck Yungkurth, ISBN 1582348308 And The Bakufu in Japanese History by Jeffrey P. Mass, ISBN ...
		The King of Capri by Chuck Yungkurth, ISBN 1582348308 And The Bakufu in Japanese History by Jeffrey P. Mass, ISBN 0804722102
		The Bakufu in Japanese History by Jeffrey P. Mass, ISBN 0804722102
		This volume analyzes the recurring form of warrior government known as the "Bakufu, " or "shogunate, " that ruled Japan for nearly 700 years.
	www.pepper2004.com /king.htm (158 words)

	Hideo Takamine and the Meiji Restoration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		the mid 19c Japan had enjoyed a peaceful, stable, and gradually developing period under the Tokugawa Bakufu (government), whose policy was that of a closed country to all outsiders except for Holland at Nagasaki Port.
		All the land was divided and given to around 200 lords, each of which had autonomy; its own policy and soldiers, Samurai.
		Although the Tokugawa Bakufu captured and killed most of them in an effort to hold onto power, other brave and intelligent young men appeared one after another.
	oswegoalumni.oswego.edu /magazine/hideo2.html (1421 words)

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