| | WHCsenryu: Bakamutsu and Meiji Underground Verse Forms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01) |
 | | Focusing specifically on comic haiku (senryū), graffiti verse (rakusho), and popular songs (hayariuta), it explores correspondences of class and genre during this period of ideological transformation from the last years of the Tokugawa Shogunate to the modern nation of Japan. |
 | | In the bakumatsu period, the sword was not only a symbol of samurai sovereignty, but also of their laziness and uselessness (first as “warriors” during a time of peace, then in the face of the more advanced Western armories). |
 | | A qualitative shift in the role of satirical verse is related to the identification of the individual with the interests of the nation. |
| www.worldhaikureview.org /5-1/whcs/feature_brink.htm (8257 words) |