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	Michael Alexandrovich Bakunin and the Non-Political Political Theory
		Bakunin delineates four epochs of history: the first stage is that of animalistic man, the second stage is the era of slavery, the third stage is the era of economic exploitation, the forth and final stage is the Epoch of Justice.
		Bakunin rejected social contract theory because it was impossible for the social contract to be voluntary.
		Bakunin believed that the land was the common property of society but that what the land produces was the property of those who cultivated it.
	members.tripod.com /~Nevermore/bakunin.html (5293 words)

	Contrast Between Bakunin and Marx : Thunderbay IMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bakunin’s denunciation of the dictatorship of the proletariat stemmed from two sources, the fact that the proletariat, or industrial workers, were a minority of the working people and secondly, the concern that if the proletariat were to gain political power, this power would inevitably be exercised by proxy.
		Bakunin argued that the Marxian conception of the dictatorship of the proletariat would be counter-productive in a situation where the majority of people are peasants.
		Bakunin, in contrast, argued that while Marx and Engels envision that the proletariat can attain their goal by the development and organization of the political power of the state, the goal would only be realized through the development and organization of the non-political or anti-political power of the working classes.
	thunderbay.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=14049 (3032 words)

	Anarchism - Mikhail Bakunin (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For his actions, Bakunin was "given a commission in the line." [1] Essentially, he had to serve in a peasant village where he was to finish his service.
		Not long after his travels to Prague, Bakunin was involved in the new government in Saxony, and was then captured and sent to Russia, where he was sentenced to death (his sentence was later commuted to life in prison).
		As the most militant of the anarchist leaders, Bakunin should still be remembered for his intellectual contributions to the revolution, and for his unprecedented insight into the future of government of the human race.
	www.wooster.edu /history/gshaya/courses/hterror/bakunin1.html (483 words)

	The Infidels - Mikhail Bakunin
		Bakunin was born of an aristocratic family in the village of Pryamukhino between Torzhok and Kuvshinovo, in Tver guberniya, northwest of Moscow, in the spring of 1814.
		Bakunin similarly rejected the notion of any privileged position or class, since "it is the peculiarity of privilege and of every privileged position to kill the intellect and heart of man. The privileged man, whether he be privileged politically or economically, is a man depraved in intellect and heart."
		Bakunin is alleged to have been anti-semitic, in one quote regarding Jewish people he wrote "one exploiting sect, one people of leeches, one single devouring parasite closely and intimately bound together not only across national boundaries, but also across all divergences of political opinion...
	www.theinfidels.org /zunb-mikhailbakunin.htm (1478 words)

	Bakunin: a Marxist critique
		Since Bakunin lacks an analysis of the origin of the state, it should come as no surprise that he confuses it with the garden.
		Although Bakunin was no friend of the bourgeoisie, he never seemed to be able to make up his mind on the 'agency' question.
		After Bakunin was imprisoned in 1851, he wrote a "Confession" to Czar Nicholas I. This self-debasing document was not wrested out of torture, but was a ploy to win early release through flattery.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/state_and_revolution/Bakunin.htm (3455 words)

	Bakunin, Mikhail - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bakunin, Mikhail, 1814-76, Russian revolutionary and leading exponent of anarchism.
		In 1868, Bakunin became active in the First International, where, with his militant anarchist doctrines, he had great influence.
		Bakunin believed that man is inherently virtuous and deserving of absolute freedom obtained through extreme individualism.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-bakunin.html (287 words)

	Mikhail Bakunin
		Bakunin left Russia in 1842 and lived in Dresden before moving to Paris where he met Karl Marx.
		Bakunin joined the First International, a federation of radical political parties that hoped to overthrow capitalism and create a socialist commonwealth.
		Bakunin was accused of anarchism and in 1872 he was expelled from the First International.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAbakunin.htm (1200 words)

	Was Bakunin a secret authoritarian? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bakunin, as can be seen, was aware that socialist ideas came from working class experience and the aim of anarchist organisations was to encourage and aid the process by which they became explicit.
		Bakunin's view prevailed on the first question as he succeeded in convincing the majority of the harmful effects of a rivalry between the Alliance and the International.
		Because of this, anarchists recognise that Bakunin was inconsistent in some ways, as would be expected from a theorist breaking new ground, and this applies to his ideas on how anarchist groups should work within, and the role they should play, in popular movements.
	struggle.ws /anarchism/writers/anarcho/anarchism/bakunindictator.html (4747 words)

	Bakunin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bakunin criticised Marx and his wing in the first international for adhering to a model that would, in his view, lead to a new red bureacracy and tyranny of intellectuals.
		I suspect that the roots of his paradox lie in the fact that Bakunin as a materialist was a determinist.
		The contradiction in Bakunin's political thought between his celebration as an anarchist of spontaneity and his following of a praxis centering around conspiracies and secret societies whose function was direct the masses along preordained lines can be seen as illustrating the point that Marx made in his _Theses on Feuerbach_ in thesis III.
	www.marxmail.org /archives/May99/bakunin.htm (597 words)

	Mikhail Bakunin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bakunin was instrumental in establishing branches of the International in Italy and Spain.
		Bakunin was a strong supporter of the Paris Commune of 1871, which was brutally suppressed by the French government.
		Bakunin was perhaps the first theorist of the "new class," the intellectuals and administrators forming the bureaucratic apparatus of the state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin (5082 words)

	BAKUNIN A Revolutionary Life
		Bakunin, the founder of Russian Nihilism, was born at Torshok, in the department of Tver, in 1814.
		Bakunin himself put forward several notable philosophical essays under the nom de guerre of "Jules Elisard." In 1843 he visited Paris and became acquainted with Pierre Joseph Proudhon, who in that year published his profound work on The Creation of Order in Humanity.
		Russian ambassador, in an attempt to discredit Bakunin, circulates the false rumor that Bakunin is employed by the Russian government to pose as a revolutionary.
	members.tripod.com /~anarcho (1795 words)

	Illuminati News: A Founding Father of Freedom: Mikhail Bakunin
		Bakunin asserts conviction that equality, justice, and peace are impossible while the masses work incessantly their entire life without respite, producing great wealth but seeing virtually none of it.
		Bakunin: “It is necessary to abolish completely, both in principle and in fact, all that which is called political power; for, so long as political power exists, there will be ruler and ruled, masters and slaves, exploiters and exploited.
		Bakunin admits that Anarchy is the epitome of true equal freedom; but he also informs us that, barring Anarchy, barring the destruction of the State, a Republic is the next best means toward freedom and liberty.
	www.illuminati-news.com /mikhail-bakunin.htm (2110 words)

	Mikhail Bakunin \| libcom.org
		Bakunin makes an early and powerful critique of the statist, reformist, class-collaborationist and counter-revolutionary tendencies of emerging social democracy.
		Bakunin's essay refutes the claims made by some Marxists, then and now, that early social democracy played a largely progressive role within the working class movement.
		In this particular case, Bakunin's comments are also far more radical than anything Marx and Engels were willing to say publicly at the time on the subject.
	libcom.org /library/mikhail-bakunin (433 words)

	'Introduction' to anthology The Basic Bakunin
		Bakunin's social milieu influenced the manner in which he expressed his ideas, because he tried always to tailor them to those to whom he spoke, promoting so far as possible the revolutionary consciousness and socialist instincts of his audience.
		Bakunin explicitly disconnects the creation of the modern State from the ascendance of the bourgeoisie in his “Three Lectures to Swiss Members of the lnternational.” These lectures are the most concise and careful survey of the history of Western Europe, from the Reformation through the Paris Commune, to be found in his writings.
		Bakunin's mature anarchism was built on a foundation of international, not just Slav, revolution; his advocacy of Panslavism in Prague in 1848 is perhaps best understood as an aspect of this developing cosmopolitanism, a stage evolving from his strictly Polish sympathies of the mid-1840s.
	www.robertcutler.org /bakunin/basic/intro.html (6037 words)

	Bakunin vs. Marx
		Nevertheless, it remains a fact that in balance, the concern Bakunin expressed about the possible degeneration of the revolution proved to be a valid one, and that Marx for his part failed to give sufficient consideration to the dangers posed by this threat to a future revolution.
		Bakunin was obsessed with the idea that all Germans held identically authoritarian views, and consistently attributed the views of some of Marx's bitterest enemies, such as Bismarck and Lasalle, to Marx.
		Bakunin, in many of his polemics against Marx, argues from the premise that Marx must obviously be authoritarian because he is a German and a Jew, who are by definition authoritarians and statists.
	www.connexions.org /RedMenace/Documents/RM3-BakuninvsMarx.htm (3402 words)

	Biography-- Mikhail Bakunin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In his essay Bakunin debated Hegel's emphasis on the positive in the dialectical process, asserting instead that the negative is the creative driving force of dialectics.
		In 1850, Bakunin was extradited to Russia (his first prison stay in Russia was in the infamous dungeons of the Fortress Peter and Paul), where Bakunin spent his next 11 years in various prisons and finally, Siberian exile.
		Bakunin stressed that official power is corruptible even among the noblest of people, but when power is unofficial- with no rights nor functions expected of the group, the members would be devoid of self-interest (maintaining their position), and so would not need to harbour power or privilege.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/bakunin/bio (1232 words)

	CONTEXT - This Week in Arts and Ideas from The Moscow Times
		In his new biography of Bakunin, Mark Leier concentrates less on the anarchist's mesmerizing personality "or his appetites for tobacco, food, and alcohol, inevitably described as voluminous" and more on his ideas and the context in which they developed.
		Bakunin criticized Marx for believing that when economic conditions were ripe workers could seize the state and establish a worker's government.
		Bakunin believed that religion, with its various prohibitions and aid to existing unjust social orders, was another source of oppression.
	context.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2006/09/22/105.html (1148 words)

	Anarchism's Greatest Hits NO.1: Mikhail Bakunin
		The ideas developed by Bakunin in the last decade of his life went on to form the basis of the modern anarchist movement.
		Bakunin understood that government is the means by which a minority rules.
		Marxism, Freedom and the State by Michael Bakunin In the more than a century since these passages were written the worship of the state has become a religion over a very large part of the globe, and we have seen in practice the fulfilment of Bakunin's gloomy forbodings on the destination of Marxist socialism.
	www.spunk.org /texts/pubs/ws/ws47/sp001538.html (1218 words)

	Bakunin and the Historians
		Bakunin played a key role in disabusing the nascent Italian revolutionaries of patriotic illusions, and persuaded them that a social, not merely a political, revolution was necessary.
		Sadly, many anarchists know little more of Bakunin than a few aphorisms (the urge to destroy is also a creative urge, "I shall continue to be an impossible person so long as those who are now possible remain possible") and perhaps a general sense of his critique of, and battle against, Marxism.
		Clearly she was unfamiliar with Bakunin's "Manifesto of the Russian Revolutionary Association to the Oppressed Women of Russia" (excerpted in Dolgoff), of his defense of his sister's right to escape a love-less marriage, etc. Similarly, recent writers in the anarchist press have attributed a wide variety of conflicting economic views to Bakunin.
	www.syndicalist.org /archives/llr1-13/13i.shtml (1417 words)

	Mikhail Bakunin
		It was on this date, May 30, 1814, that revolutionist and anarchist Mikhail Bakunin was born in the principality of Tver (modern Kalinin), Russia.
		Bakunin believed that mankind is basically moral and that the state is evil.
		Being a true anarchist, not a Marxist or Communist, Bakunin thought Marx's class warfare idea was correct, but rejected Marx's authoritarian ideas of government — Bakunin thought any government divided society into masters and slaves and Marx's would lead to totalitarianism.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0530almanac.htm (469 words)

	Mikhail Bakunin - Russian anarchist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He was a larger than life figure whose disputes with Marx in the 1st international form an essential role in the clarification of the role of the vanguard and of the state in the revolutionary process.
		Bakunin, Yokohama, and the dawning of the Pacific era
		Mikhail Bakunin on what socialists should be fighting for and the correct tactics during a revolution.
	struggle.ws /anarchists/bakunin.html (476 words)

	Mikhail Bakunin Summary
		Mikhail Bakunin was the foremost exponent of revolutionary anarchism in the nineteenth century.
		He was politically active from the 1840s to the 1870s, a turbulent period in European history in which efforts were made to extend the democratization begun b...
		Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Trolo)(Russian — Михаил Александрович Бакунин, Michel Bakunin — on the grave in Bern),(May 18(30 N.S.), 1814 – June 19(July 1 N.S.), 1876) was a well-known Russian revoluti...
	www.bookrags.com /Mikhail_Bakunin (268 words)

	Mikhail Bakunin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mikhail Bakunin was one of the intellectual founding fathers of Anarchism.
		He is often considered to be Marx's historical rival.
		When Marx headed toward State-run Socialism, Bakunin argued for the abolition of the State as the most fundamental goal for those who want to guarantee freedom.
	flag.blackened.net /daver/anarchism/bakunin/bakunin.html (126 words)

	www.myspace.com/mikhailbakunin
		Mikhail Bakunin's Latest Blog Entry [Subscribe to this Blog]
		In the spring of 1814 I, Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin, was born to an aristocratic family in the village of Pryamukhino between Torzhok and Kuvshinovo, in Tver guberniya, northwest of Moscow.
		At the age of 14 I left for St. Petersburg, receiving military training at the Artillery University.
	www.myspace.com /mikhailbakunin (622 words)

	Mikhail Bakunin Reference Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The material below come from a variety of sources.
		Bakunin's writings include not only letters, books and newspaper articles, but unpublished manuscripts and records of speeches which are difficult to date and need editing.
		Selections of his writings usually include excerpts from larger manuscripts and articles made up of selections from a variety of sources.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/bakunin (164 words)

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