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Topic: Balanitis xerotica obliterans

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	Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans
		The cause of balanitis xerotica obliterans is unknown.
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a chronic, progressive, atrophic, sclerosing process of the glans and prepuce leading to a urethral stenosis.
		The therapy of balanitis xerotica obliterans must be directed toward the maintenance of an adequate urethral meatus by the means of the regular passage of dilating bougies.
	www.cirp.org /library/treatment/BXO/freeman1 (4533 words)

	Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) - Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (LSA)
		BXO is a rare disease that affects only 6 of 1000 males (.6 of 1 percent).
		BXO is usually distinguished by a ring of hardened tissue with a whitish color at the tip of the foreskin.
		The response of balanitis xerotica obliterans to local steroid application compared with placebo in children.
	www.cirp.org /library/treatment/BXO (850 words)

	arthritis pain relief - Balanitis xerotica obliterans
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a skin disease of unknown origin.
		It the same disease as Lichen sclerosus but the terms "balanitis xerotica obliterans" or BXO traditionally is applied when the disease strikes the male genitals as it appears to in 83% of cases.
		BXO commonly occurs on the glans penis and the tip of the foreskin.
	www.painreliefchat.com /arthritis-pain-relief/Balanitis_xerotica_obliterans (198 words)

	physics - Balanitis xerotica obliterans
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a skin disease of unknown origin.
		It the same disease as Lichen sclerosus but the terms "balanitis xerotica obliterans" or BXO traditionally is applied when the disease strikes the male genitals as it appears to in 83% of cases.
		BXO commonly occurs on the glans penis and the tip of the foreskin.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Balanitis_xerotica_obliterans (192 words)

	[No title]
		Lichen sclerosis and balanitis xerotica obliterans: lichen sclerosis appears as white plaques on the glans, foreskin or shaft of the penis.
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a severe form of lichen sclerosis affecting the foreskin of uncircumcised men.
		Balanitis and posthitis: balanitis is an inflammatory condition of the glans penis.
	www.lycos.com /info/penis--men.html?page=2 (414 words)

	eMedicine - Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans : Article by Noah S Scheinfeld
		BXO has occurred in monozygotic twins, which suggests a genetic basis for the disease in some cases.
		Dirithromycin at 500 mg/d abated BXO in a third patient; the BXO returned when dirithromycin was discontinued but it improved again upon resumption of therapy.
		Studies have shown that applying a potent topical steroid improves BXO in the histologically early and intermediate stages of disease and may inhibit further worsening in the late stages.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/topic46.htm (3496 words)

	High incidence of balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys with phimosis: prospective 10-year study.
		This prospective study was designed to address the incidence and clinical and histologic characteristics of balanitis xerotica obliterans in a large random pediatric population with phimosis.
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans was found in 471 of the 1178 patients (40%), with the highest incidence in boys aged 9 to 11 years (76%).
		In six instances of balanitis xerotica obliterans, meatotomy and in one meatoplasty was performed, as well as circumcision.
	www.medscape.com /medline/abstract/16060864?src=emed_ckb_ref_0 (316 words)

	eMJA: Circumcision for phimosis and other medical indications in Western Australian boys
		The calculation of change in circumcision rates associated with balanitis xerotica obliterans over time was restricted from 1987 onwards, as ICD-9 codes before this time also included other disorders of the penis.
		After adjusting for calendar year, the rate of circumcision to treat balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys aged 5–9 years was 10.5 times higher (95% CI, 7.8–14.1) than in males 15 years and older.
		Boys aged 0–4 years were circumcised to treat balanitis xerotica obliterans 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5–6.1) times and boys aged 10–14 years were circumcised 5.4 (95% CI, 3.7–7.9) times more often than males aged 15 years and older.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/178_04_170203/spi10278_fm.html (2946 words)

	How should phimosis be treated? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Stretching techniques are particularly useful for treatment of the adult or adolescent non-retractile foreskin where BXO is not present [ 17 ].
		BXO however, is the same as Lichen Sclerosis Atrophicans (LSA) [ 34 ].
		BXO does respond to topical corticosteroids,[ 38, ] topical testosterone,[ 39 ] or carbon dioxide laser treatment [ 40-41 ].
	www.norm-uk.org /phimosis_clinical_guidelines.html (1441 words)

	Balanitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Balanitis is inflammation of the glans penis (Greek: balanos).
		Balanitis in boys still in nappies must be distinguished from the normal redness seen in boys caused by ammoniacal dermatitis (Simpson, 1998).
		Balanitis may cause oedema (Chow), resulting in phimosis, or inability to retract the foreskin from the glans penis.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3Dbalanitis%26type%3Den (638 words)

	Balanitis
		Balanitis is a term used to include all inflammation of the skin covering the head (glans) of the penis.
		balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO, also termed lichen sclerosis): this condition primarily affects the foreskin, leading to loss of skin colouration, scarring and tightness of the foreskin, and phimosis (inability to pull the foreskin back behind the glans), which may require circumcision.
		Balanitis in young boys is usually associated with a tight foreskin that cannot be pulled back behind the glans (phimosis).
	www.tiscali.co.uk /lifestyle/healthfitness/health_advice/netdoctor/archive/000212.html (751 words)

	BBC - Health - Ask the doctor - Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO)
		BXO is a condition which affects the end of the penis, or glans.
		In fact, BXO is really just an overall description of a collection of problems found in a group of different conditions, the most common of which is called lichen sclerosis et atrophicus.
		BXO tends to develop in the warm, moist, urine-exposed environment that exists under the foreskin (which explains why BXO is very rare among men circumcised in childhood).
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/ask_the_doctor/bxo.shtml (734 words)

	Balanitis
		Recurrent candidal balanitis causes fissuring of the prepuce, with fibrosis and sclerosis.
		Balanitis may accompany mycoplasma urethritis, either as a primary infection or secondary to gonorrhoea.
		Mild forms of balanitis respond to repeated cool bathing with potassium permanganate (1:8000) and the application of antibacterial creams, with or without weak corticosteroids.
	www.hkmj.org.hk /skin/balaniti.htm (926 words)

	[No title]
		Symptomatology consistent with postoperative residuals of balanitis xerotica obliterans is demonstrated in a February 13, 1985, VA outpatient treatment record.
		The RO received the veteran's claim for an increased evaluation for postoperative residuals of balanitis xerotica obliterans in January 29, 1988.
		Diagnoses of status post meatotomy and urethral dilation for urinary retention with recurrent retention and incontinence, balanitis xerotica obliterans by history, and recurrent urinary tract infections were recorded.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files2/9415791.txt (1178 words)

	ENLmedical.com: Conditions And Concerns: Medical Encyclopedia: Balanitis
		Balanitis is usually caused by poor hygiene in uncircumcised men.
		Balanitis is inflammation of the skin of the head of the penis (glans).
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a chronic skin condition that causes scarring and thickening (sclerosis) of the penis skin.
	www.enlmedical.com /article/000862.htm (277 words)

	Balanitis xerotica obliterans Dermatology
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a dermatological(skin) condition affecting the male genitalia.
		BXO commonly occurs on the foreskinand glans penis(Keogh 2005).
		BXO is a common cause of pathological phimosis(Keogh, 2005; Buechner, 2002).
	www.lumrix.com /medical/dermatology/balanitis_xerotica_obliterans.html (1433 words)

	UroToday - Recent Review Examines Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans In Boys
		BERKELEY, CA (UroToday Inc.) - Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) is a chronic dermatitis of unknown etiology that occurs on the penile skin.
		BXO is most commonly diagnosed in adults with meatal stenosis and/or pendulous urethral stricture disease more common and is considered a form of lichen sclerosis.
		When BXO presents in children, circumcision is usually curative but progression of the disease into the meatus and urethra is not uncommon.
	www.urotoday.com /58/browse_categories/pediatric_urology/recent_review_examines_balanitis_xerotica_obliterans_in_boys.html (551 words)

	Urethral Stricture Disease: urethra stricture narrowing reconstruction, frequent urination
		The most common causes of urethral strictures in the United States include previous trauma or instrumentation of the urethra, infection involving the urethra (gonorrhea), congenital (born with a stricture), cancer of the urethra, idiopathic (unknown), and from balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO).
		BXO is a poorly understood autoimmune condition which can cause widespread scarring and resultant blockage of the urethra.
		Secondary to the aggressive nature and recurrence rates of BXO related urethral strictures, recent data indicates that these strictures should be treated with open surgical reconstructive techniques utilizing nongenital tissue (e.g.
	urology.northwestern.edu /nmffurology/urethralstricture.html (979 words)

	White : Diseases of the Skin - Oral and Genital Disorders - PENILE LESIONS
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is the male counterpart of lichen sclerosus.
		A moist, shiny, erythematous, well-demarcated plaque on the glans penis in an older uncircumcised male is characteristic of Zoon’s balanitis, also known as balanitis plasmocellularis.
		Pseudoepitheliomatous, micaceous and keratotic balanitis is thought to represent a spectrum from hypertrophic atypia to verrucous carcinoma.
	www.merckmedicus.com /ppdocs/us/hcp/content/white/chapters/white-ch-016-s004.htm (848 words)

	Amazon.com: balanitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans: A form of lichen sclerosus.
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans: epidemiologic distribution in an equal access health care system.
		Urethral diverticula, urolithiasis, endocervical gonorrhea, balanitis, and ure- thral warts are...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=balanitis&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (871 words)

	Disease Information - lichen sclerosus et atrophicus / balanitis xerotica obliterans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		characteristic sclerosing lesions of balanitis xerotica obliterans on the
		obliterans (kraurosis penis) is the analog in the male of kraurosis vulvae.
		of the penis with lesions of balanitis xerotica obliterans on the glans and
	www.disease-information.com /archive/index.php/t-3144.html (1890 words)

	Answers To Your Questions About Avoiding Circumcision After the Neonatal Period
		Once the separation reaches the tip of the penis, the accumulated smegma (sloughed cells) will be discharged naturally by the body and can easily be wiped away, if it is even noticed.
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is recognizable by a whitish ring of tissue at the tip of the foreskin, which constricts and prevents retraction.
		Conservative treatment by a physician for BXO with 1% Clotrimazole and 1% hydrocortisone cream mixed together and applied three times a day is usually effective.
	www.nocirc.org /publish/pamphlet7.html (1248 words)

	Balanitis - Patient UK
		Balanitis means inflammation of the glans penis (the end of the penis).
		Balanitis is an inflammation of the end of the penis (the glans).
		A mild steroid cream to reduce inflammation is useful for balanitis caused by allergies or irritants.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/27000277 (1165 words)

	IngentaConnect High Incidence of Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans in Boys with Phim... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		This prospective study was designed to address the incidence and clinical and histologic characteristics of balanitis xerotica obliterans in a large random pediatric population with phimosis.
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans was found in 471 of the 1178 patients (40%), with the highest incidence in boys aged 9 to 11 years (76%).
		In six instances of balanitis xerotica obliterans, meatotomy and in one meatoplasty was performed, as well as circumcision.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/pde/2005/00000022/00000004/art00004 (297 words)

	Case Study: Postsexual Penile Ulcer as a Symptom of Diabetes -- Lauder and Binienda 23 (4): 191 -- Clinical Diabetes
		Balanitis is a general term that describes a group of conditions
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans (lichen sclerosus) is a chronic
		Neuhaus I, Skidmore R: Balanatis xerotica obliterans and its differential diagnosis.
	clinical.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/23/4/191 (956 words)

	drugadvisor: The response of balanitis xerotica obliterans to local steroid application compared with placebo in ...
		Surgical specimens were histologically typed as an early, intermediate or late form of balanitis xerotica obliterans.
		Histological evaluation revealed an early, intermediate and late form of balanitis xerotica obliterans in 3, 7 and 6 boys, respectively.
		CONCLUSIONS: Applying a potent topical steroid affects improvement in balanitis xerotica obliterans in the histologically early and intermediate stages of disease, and may inhibit further worsening in the late stage.
	drugadvisor.typepad.com /blog/2006/09/the_response_of.html (1424 words)

	CIGNA - Lichen Sclerosus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		When found in males, the disease is known as balanitis xerotica obliterans.
		Lichen sclerosus is characterized by skin changes of the external genitalia (i.e., vulva, head of the penis), although other parts of the body may also be affected.
		Balanitis xerotica obliyerans: epidemiologic distribution in an equal access health care system.
	www.cigna.com /healthinfo/nord252.html (1468 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		Balanitis is a descriptive term covering a variety of unrelated conditions, the appearances of which may be pathognomonic.
		The following investigations (refer to original guideline document for a flow chart for management of non specific balanitis) are intended to aid diagnosis in cases of uncertainty.
		Balanitis is a clinical diagnosis and covers a range of heterogeneous conditions.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3051&mode=full&ss=14 (1993 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		found that scarring observed on initial examination was associated with a decrease in efficacy of topical steroid treatment from 92% to 67%, and concluded that boys with severe balanitis xerotica obliterans should be considered for surgery primarily.
		A small prospective study comparing steroid application to placebo in uncircumcised children with balanitis xerotica obliterans showed improvement in the early and intermediate histological stages of the disease only.
		We proceeded directly to circumcision if balanitis xerotica obliterans was identified at initial consultation and, therefore, cannot comment on the efficacy of steroid treatment for this condition.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?js05033 (1853 words)

	Xerotica Obliterans delicious
		Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a progressive, sclerotic process of unknown etiology...
		Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans - Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, progressive, sclerosing inflammatory dermatosis of unclear etiology.
		In cases of balanitis xerotica obliterans the area which is the site of infiltrate in lichen planus appears edematous and homogenized.
	dm83.zap3x.com /xeroticaoblit.html (649 words)

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